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4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Twins and parallel Intelligence, DTPI 2024

作者： Yang, Fan Wang, Zhixue Xiong, Gang Hu, Xiangyu Xu, Kejie Chen, Shichao Shandong Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Rail Transportation Jinan China Shandong Jiaotong University School of Rail Transportation Jinan China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Beijing China Beijing Technol. and Bus. Univ. State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Beijing China China Mobile Communication Group Sichuan Co. Ltd Chengdu China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Huairou Academy of Parallel Sensing State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349252

As an important node in the dismantling and grouping of freight trains, the operational tasks of the railway technical station are increasingly busy. Various business activities involve a large number of field personnel, and ensuring the personal safety and operational efficiency of these personnel is one of these issues that railway operations need to *** ensure the operational safety and standardization at the railway technical station, high-precision positioning system for the personnel is required. However, typical operational scenarios at railway technical stations often involve problems such as the carriage obstruction and the electromagnetic interference. Only rely on GNSS for positioning is often insufficient to meet practical requirements. Addressing the need of the high-precision positioning for the operational personnel at railway technical stations, this paper constructs a integrated navigation system based on RTK and IMU. It utilizes a Discrete Error State Kalman Filtering algorithm to fuse the solution data from RTK and IMU, thereby obtaining high-precision pedestrian positioning data. Compared to relying solely on GNSS positioning system, the integrated navigation system significantly improves its resistance to the interference and positioning accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that this positioning system can achieve centimeter-level positioning in obstructed scenarios typical of railway technical stations, meeting the positioning requirements of the operational personnel at railway technical station work sites. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Kalman filters

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An Optical Transceiver Reliability Study based on SFP Monitoring and OS-level Metric Data

An Optical Transceiver Reliability Study based on SFP Monito...

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IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGRID)

作者： Paolo Notaro Qiao Yu Soroush Haeri Jorge Cardoso Michael Gerndt Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH Munich Germany Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Germany Chair of Distributed and Operating Systems Technical University of Berlin Germany Department of Informatics Engineering/CISUC University of Coimbra Portugal

The increasing demand for cloud computing drives the expansion in scale of datacenters and their internal optical network, in a strive for increasing bandwidth, high reliability, and lower latency. Optical transceivers are essential elements of optical networks, whose reliability has not been well-studied compared to other hardware components. In this paper, we leverage high quantities of monitoring data from optical transceivers and OS-level metrics to provide statistical insights about the occurrence of optical transceiver failures. We estimate transceiver failure rates and normal operating ranges for monitored attributes, correlate early-observable patterns to known failure symptoms, and finally develop failure prediction models based on our analyses. Our results enable network administrators to deploy early-warning systems and enact predictive maintenance strategies, such as replacement or traffic re-routing, reducing the number of incidents and their associated costs.

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FedLesScan: Mitigating Stragglers in Serverless Federated Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Elzohairy, Mohamed Chadha, Mohak Jindal, Anshul Grafberger, Andreas Gu, Jianfeng Gerndt, Michael Abboud, Osama Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technische Universität München Garching Munich Germany Huawei Technologies Munich Germany

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that enables the training of a shared global model across distributed clients while keeping the training data local. While most prior work on designing systems for FL has focused on using stateful always running components, recent work has shown that components in an FL system can greatly benefit from the usage of serverless computing and Function-as-a-Service technologies. To this end, distributed training of models with serverless FL systems can be more resource-efficient and cheaper than conventional FL systems. However, serverless FL systems still suffer from the presence of stragglers, i.e., slow clients due to their resource and statistical heterogeneity. While several strategies have been proposed for mitigating stragglers in FL, most methodologies do not account for the particular characteristics of serverless environments, i.e., cold-starts, performance variations, and the ephemeral stateless nature of the function instances. Towards this, we propose FedLesScan, a novel clustering-based semi-asynchronous training strategy, specifically tailored for serverless FL. FedLesScan dynamically adapts to the behaviour of clients and minimizes the effect of stragglers on the overall system. We implement our strategy by extending an open-source serverless FL system called FedLess. Moreover, we comprehensively evaluate our strategy using the 2nd generation Google Cloud Functions with four datasets and varying percentages of stragglers. Results from our experiments show that compared to other approaches FedLesScan reduces training time and cost by an average of 8% and 20% respectively while utilizing clients better with an average increase in the effective update ratio of 17.75%. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

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Telemetry for Quantum systems in HPC Centers

Telemetry for Quantum Systems in HPC Centers

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ISC High Performance 2025 Research Paper Proceedings (40th International Conference)

作者： Hossam Ahmed Burak Mete Helmut Heller Matthew Tovey Xiaolong Deng Asim Zulfiqar Muhammad Nufail Farooqi Mahmoud Abuzayed Martin Schulz Laura Schulz QCT Department Leibniz Supercomputing Centre of the Bavarian Academy of Science and Humanities (LRZ) Garching b. München Germany Chair for Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems (CAPS) Technical University of Munich (TUM) Garching b. München Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783982633619

Quantum systems have traditionally operated within highly controlled laboratory environments to minimize internal noise and maximize stability. However, when these systems are integrated into High Performance Computing (HPC) environments and setup for continuous operation, they encounter significantly higher levels of external noise and instability coupled with higher demands. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to counter the challenges of maintaining the stability of operational quantum computers in such noisy HPC settings. We propose a novel system architecture that monitors and manages the environmental conditions of quantum computing systems using a broad set of sensors, enhancing their robustness and reliability. Our architecture is open and can be extended to other setups. It can serve as a blueprint for other sites as it spans quantum technologies and offers broad coverage. Ultimately, this data will be essential to facilitate advancements in machine learning to drive real-time error mitigation.

关键词： computers Quantum system Trapped ions Quantum computing Working environment noise systems architecture Machine learning Stability analysis Telemetry Monitoring

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QDMI - Quantum Device Management Interface: Hardware-Software Interface for the Munich Quantum Software Stack

QDMI - Quantum Device Management Interface: Hardware-Softwar...

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Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Robert Wille Ludwig Schmid Yannick Stade Jorge Echavarria Martin Schulz Laura Schulz Lukas Burgholzer Chair for Design Automation Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Software Competence Center Hagenberg GmbH Hagenberg Austria Leibniz Supercomputing Centre Garching Germany Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331541378

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541385

Quantum computing is a promising technology that requires a sophisticated software stack to connect end users to the wide range of possible quantum backends. However, current software tools are usually hard-coded for single platforms and lack a dynamic interface that can automatically retrieve and adapt to changing physical characteristics and constraints of different platforms. With new hardware platforms frequently introduced and their performance changing on a daily basis, this constitutes a serious limitation. In this paper, we show-case a concept and a prototypical realization of an interface, called the Quantum Device Management Interface (QDMI), that addresses this problem by explicitly connecting the software and hardware developers, mediating between their competing interests. QDMI allows hardware platforms to provide their physical characteristics in a standardized way, and software tools to query that data to guide the compilation process accordingly. This enables software tools to automatically adapt to different platforms and to optimize the compilation process for the specific hardware constraints. QDMI is a central part of the Munich Quantum Software Stack (MQSS)-a sophisticated software stack to connect end users to the wide range of possible quantum backends. QDMI is publicly available as open source at https://***/Munich-Quantum-Software-Stack/QDMI.

关键词： Performance evaluation Quantum computing Full stack Hardware Software tools

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Towards the Munich Quantum Software Stack: Enabling Efficient Access and Tool Support for Quantum computers

Towards the Munich Quantum Software Stack: Enabling Efficien...

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Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Martin Schulz Laura Schulz Martin Ruefenacht Robert Wille Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Munich Germany QCT Department Leibniz Supercomputing Centre Garching Germany Chair of Design Automation Technical University of Munich Munich Germany

As quantum computing systems mature and move from laboratories to production computing environments, corresponding software stacks are becoming key for their successful utilization. In particular, the expected use of quantum systems as HPC accelerators requires a deep integration with the existing and widely deployed HPC software stacks. Additionally, new requirements such as dynamic compilation and new challenges for tools and programming models must be considered. We tackle these challenges by developing the Munich Quantum Software Stack—a comprehensive initiative by the Munich Quantum Valley to offer a flexible, efficient, and user-oriented software environment. In this poster, we describe the core components and workflows, and how they will enable this transformation from quantum experiments to quantum accelerators.

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FedLesScan: Mitigating Stragglers in Serverless Federated Learning

FedLesScan: Mitigating Stragglers in Serverless Federated Le...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Mohamed Elzohairy Mohak Chadha Anshul Jindal Andreas Grafberger Jianfeng Gu Michael Gerndt Osama Abboud Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technische Universität München Garching (near Munich) Germany Huawei Technologies Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480468

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that enables the training of a shared global model across distributed clients while keeping the training data local. While most prior work on designing systems for FL has focused on using stateful always running components, recent work has shown that components in an FL system can greatly benefit from the usage of serverless computing and Function-as-a-Service technologies. To this end, distributed training of models with severless FL systems can be more resource-efficient and cheaper than conventional FL systems. However, serverless FL systems still suffer from the presence of stragglers, i.e., slow clients due to their resource and statistical heterogeneity. While several strategies have been proposed for mitigating stragglers in FL, most methodologies do not account for the particular characteristics of serverless environments, i.e., cold-starts, performance variations, and the ephemeral stateless nature of the function instances. Towards this, we propose FedLesScan, a novel clustering-based semi-asynchronous training strategy, specifically tailored for serverless F L. FedLesScan dynamically adapts to the behavior of clients and minimizes the effect of stragglers on the overall system. We implement our strategy by extending an open-source serverless FL system called FedLess. Moreover, we comprehensively evaluate our strategy using the 2 nd generation Google Cloud Functions with four datasets and varying percentages of stragglers. Results from our experiments show that compared to other approaches FedLesScan reduces training time and cost by an average of 8% and 20% respectively while utilizing clients better with an average increase in the effective update ratio of 17.75%.

关键词： Training Costs Federated learning Computational modeling Training data Serverless computing Big Data

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Signal Detection Method Based on Social Relationship Strength in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第10期58卷 176-181页

作者： Yi Li Shuangshuang Han Yongqiang Bai Fei-Yue Wang School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China and Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology MNR Tianjin China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China and Beijing Huairou Academy of Parallel Sensing Beijing China The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

In the case of scarce communication resources, the importance of different vehicle communication levels is self-evident. They not only affect the efficiency of information exchange between vehicles and driving safety, but also directly affect the rational allocation and utilization of communication resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a signal detection method based on vehicle social relationship strength (SRS) in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) scenario, and integrates the SRS information into the data to be transmitted. In this method, minimum mean square error (MMSE) signal detection algorithm is selected for simulation, and Rayleigh channel and Rician channel are selected for simulation scenarios. This method makes full use of the intensity of social relationship between vehicles, and realizes the efficient transmission of data and the accurate transmission of communication level. Experimental verification shows that the method performs well in the VANETs scenario, and provides a new communication method for intelligent transportation, social network and other applications, which is expected to promote the technical progress and application development in related fields.

关键词： VANETs Social relation strength Image data transmission MMSE detection Intelligent transportation Social networking

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Leveraging Hybrid Classical-Quantum Methods for Efficient Load Rebalancing in HPC

Leveraging Hybrid Classical-Quantum Methods for Efficient Lo...

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High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC-W: Workshops of the International Conference for

作者： Justyna Zawalska Minh Chung Katarzyna Rycerz Laura Schulz Martin Schulz Dieter Kranzlmüller Institute of Computer Science AGH University of Krakow Krakow Poland Academic Computer Center CYFRONET AGH Krakow Poland Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) Garching bei München Germany MNM-Team Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Germany Chair for Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich (TUM) Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350355543

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355550

Load imbalance is a challenge for parallel applications in High Performance Computing (HPC). It is caused by processes having different execution times or load values, leading to idle or wait times at synchronization points, where faster processes must wait for the slowest process to catch up. To mitigate this issue, applications can employ load balancing (LB) strategies, which migrate load between processes to even out load. This is often referred to as the Load Rebalancing Problem (LRP). While many approaches solving the LRP exist, they can only be heuristics and hence further optimization potential exists. In our work, we turn to a novel approach by using hybrid classical-quantum approaches and present two versions of the constrained quadratic model for solving the LRP; the two differ in how they balance the number of qubits required with the types of applied constraints. We compare the quantum-based methods with classical methods using heuristic algorithms Greedy, Karmarkar–Karp, and ProactLB. We evaluate our approaches using imbalance ratio and speedup as metrics, as well as the number of migrated tasks to indicate overhead caused by migrations. Our results show that the quantum-based methods outperform the classic methods. For example, we need only 1/4 of the number of migrated tasks in a realistic use case compared with classical methods, particularly Greedy and KK, to balance the load.

关键词： Measurement Upper bound NP-hard problem High performance computing Heuristic algorithms Qubit Load management Synchronization Optimization Load modeling

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City models: past, present and future prospects

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Frontiers of Urban and Rural Planning 2025年第1期3卷 1-24页

作者： Ritter, Helge Herzog, Otthein Rothermel, Kurt Cohn, Anthony G. Wu, Zhiqiang Faculty of Technology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University Shanghai People’s Republic of China FB 03 University of Bremen Bremen Germany Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany School of Computer Science University of Leeds Leeds UK The Alan Turing Institute London UK

This paper attempts to take a comprehensive look at the challenges of representing the spatio-temporal structures and dynamic processes that define a city’s overall characteristics. For the task of urban planning and urban operation, we take the stance that even if the necessary representations of these structures and processes can be achieved, the most important representation of the relevant mindsets of the citizens are, unfortunately, mostly neglected. After a review of major “traditional” urban models of structures behind urban scale, form, and dynamics, we turn to major recent modeling approaches triggered by recent advances in AI that enable multimodal generative models. Some of these models can create representations of geometries, networks and images, and reason flexibly at a human-compatible semantic level. They provide huge amounts of knowledge extracted from huge collections of text and image documents and cover the required rich representation spectrum including geographic knowledge by different knowledge sources, degrees of granularity and scales. We then discuss what these new opportunities mean for coping with the modeling challenges posed by cities, in particular with regard to the role and impact of citizens and their interactions within the city infrastructure. We propose to integrate these possibilities with existing approaches, such as agent-based models, which opens up new modeling spaces including rich citizen models which are able to also represent social interactions. Finally, we put forward some thoughts about a vision of a “social AI in a city ecosystem” that adds relevant citizen models to state-of-the-art structural and process models. This extended city representation will enable urban planners to establish citizen-oriented planning of city infrastructures, to make them into inviting environments that reconcile and foster human culture, city resilience and sustainability.

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