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arXiv 2019年

作者： Bu, Lake Agrawal, Rashmi Cheng, Hai Kinsy, Michel A. Adaptive and Secure Computing Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University

The development and implementation of post-quantum cryptosystems have become a pressing issue in the design of secure computing systems, as general quantum computers have become more feasible in the last two years. In this work, we introduce a set of hardware post-quantum cryptographic primitives (PCPs) consisting of four frequently used security components, i.e., public-key cryptosystem (PKC), key exchange (KEX), oblivious transfer (OT), and zero-knowledge proof (ZKP). In addition, we design a high speed polynomial multiplier to accelerate these primitives. These primitives will aid researchers and designers in constructing quantum-proof secure computing systems in the post-quantum era. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Analysis of Harmonic and Interharmonic Components by Using an Improved Recursive Algorithm

Analysis of Harmonic and Interharmonic Components by Using a...

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2019 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, ISGT Latin America 2019

作者： Alvarez Ferreira, Liz R. Beuter, Carlos H. Hoffmann, Alessandra B. G. Pessoa, André L. S. Oleskovicz, Mário Itaipu Technological Park PTI Automation and Simulation of Electrical Systems Laboratory Lasse Foz do Iguaçu PR Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EESC University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781538695678

Spectral leakage is a phenomenon that is considered a problem and occurs when Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used as a tool to identify harmonic components in a frequency spectrum of electric signals, which contains asynchronous sampling or interharmonic components. It may cause errors in presented results that may affect signal analysis. Therefore, application of a technique or combination of techniques is necessary, in order to better characterize harmonic and interharmonic components and enable extraction of their representative factors. In this context, this research aims at estimating frequencies and amplitudes interharmonic present in a signal. This paper proposes a new approach method, based on Group-harmonic Power Minimizing (GPM) and Recursive Group-harmonic Power Minimizing (RGPM) algorithms. The new proposal establishes an identification threshold and is more accurate when compared to the IEC 61000-4-7 standard, recommended for this kind of problem as it detects not only the 5 Hz minimal spectral resolution, but also frequency components of intermediate location with noise. Results indicate a satisfactory characterization of predominant interharmonic components, with low deviation level, both in range and in associated frequency. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete Fourier transforms

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Stochastic Exceptional Points for Noise-Assisted Sensing

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第22期130卷 227201-227201页

作者： Zhipeng Li Chenhui Li Ze Xiong Guoqiang Xu Yongtai Raymond Wang Xi Tian Xin Yang Zhu Liu Qihang Zeng Rongzhou Lin Ying Li Jason Kai Wei Lee John S. Ho Cheng-Wei Qiu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore Wireless and Smart Bioelectronics Lab School of Biomedical Engineering ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117593 Singapore School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan 410081 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 119228 Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 119228 Singapore

Noise is a fundamental challenge for sensors deployed in daily environments for ambient sensing, health monitoring, and wireless networking. Current strategies for noise mitigation rely primarily on reducing or removing noise. Here, we introduce stochastic exceptional points and show the utility to reverse the detrimental effect of noise. The stochastic process theory illustrates that the stochastic exceptional points manifest as fluctuating sensory thresholds that give rise to stochastic resonance, a counterintuitive phenomenon in which the added noise increases the system’s ability to detect weak signals. Demonstrations using a wearable wireless sensor show that the stochastic exceptional points lead to more accurate tracking of a person’s vital signs during exercise. Our results may lead to a distinct class of sensors that overcome and are enhanced by ambient noise for applications ranging from healthcare to the internet of things.

关键词： Noise Non-Hermitean systems PT-symmetry Noise measurements

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Soft Switching Over the Entire Line Cycle for a Quadruple Active Bridge DCX in a DC to Three-Phase AC Module

Soft Switching Over the Entire Line Cycle for a Quadruple Ac...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Branko Majmunović Satyaki Mukherjee Rahul Mallik Soham Dutta Gab-Su Seo Brian Johnson Dragan Maksimović Colorado Power Electronics Center University of Colorado Boulder CO USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory Power Systems Engineering Center Golden CO USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728148298

ISBN: (纸本)9781728148304

This paper is focused on a transformer-isolated quadruple active bridge (QAB) dc-dc converter loaded by three full-bridge dc-ac inverters. The QAB functions as a "DC trans-former" (DCX) in the dc-to-three-phase ac module. The QAB outputs provide time-varying power at twice the line frequency, which presents challenges in maintaining zero voltage switching (ZVS) on the secondary sides during low-power portions of the line cycle. It is shown how ZVS can be achieved in a phase, even at zero-power transfer, using a relatively small circulating current provided by the magnetizing inductance of the high-frequency transformer. The approach is particularly effective in high-voltage applications using SiC MOSFETs, where reductions in switching loss outweigh additional conduction losses due to the circulating currents. A detailed analysis of ZVS switching waveforms at the zero power transfer is presented, including effects of nonlinear device capacitances. Analytical expressions are given for the optimal values of the magnetizing inductance and dead times of the QAB primary and secondary bridges. The approach is verified by experimental results on a 600 V, 4 kW prototype, demonstrating greater than 98.5% efficiency from 1 kW to 4 kW, with a peak efficiency of 99.0%. Compared to conventionally operated prototype, a 54% reduction in total loss is achieved at rated power.

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Secure Precoding Aided Spatial Modulation via Transmit Antenna Selection

Secure Precoding Aided Spatial Modulation via Transmit Anten...

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作者： Huang, Yu Wen, Miaowen Zheng, Beixiong Cheng, Xiang Yang, Liuqing Ji, Fei School of Electronics and Information Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO80523 United States

In this paper, two transmit antenna selection schemes are proposed for precoding-aided spatial modulation (PSM) to enhance the secrecy performance with reduced hardware complexity. The first strategy is determined by the channel state information (CSI) of both the legitimate and illegitimate links, called deterministic antenna selection based PSM (DAS-PSM), which selects partial transmit antennas to implement zero-forcing (ZF) precoding for maximizing the secrecy rate. For practical implementation, the low-complexity DAS-PSM criterion is demonstrated. The second strategy resorts to random antenna selection (RAS) with the aid of fast radio-frequency switching. Different from the DAS-PSM, this so-called RAS based PSM (RAS-PSM) dispenses with the CSI of the wiretap channel, which generates the ZF precoding matrix associated with randomly selected transmit antenna combination during each symbol period, creating additional turbulence that solely affects the eavesdropper. To combat the issue of low secrecy rate in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime due to the finite-alphabet inputs, time-varying artificial noise with extra power can be incorporated into both aforementioned strategies, which is exemplified in the RAS-PSM. Finally, the secrecy rates of both proposed schemes are theoretically analyzed and evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating that both proposed schemes with different requirements are capable of enhancing the secrecy performance compared to the conventional PSM. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Channel state information

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Echo state graph neural networks with analogue random resistor arrays

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Shaocong Li, Yi Wang, Dingchen Zhang, Woyu Chen, Xi Dong, Danian Wang, Songqi Zhang, Xumeng Lin, Peng Gallicchio, Claudio Xu, Xiaoxin Liu, Qi Cheng, Kwang-Ting Wang, Zhongrui Shang, Dashan Liu, Ming Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China ACCESS - AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems InnoHK Centers Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Zhejiang310027 China Department of Computer Science University of Pisa Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 Pisa56127 Italy Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented surge of interest, from social networks to drug discovery, in learning representations of graph-structured data. However, graph neural networks, the machine learning models for handling graph-structured data, face significant challenges when running on conventional digital hardware, including von Neumann bottleneck incurred by physically separated memory and processing units, slowdown of Moore's law due to transistor scaling limit, and expensive training cost. Here we present a novel hardware-software co-design, the random resistor array-based echo state graph neural network, which addresses these challenges. The random resistor arrays not only harness low-cost, nanoscale and stackable resistors for highly efficient in-memory computing using simple physical laws, but also leverage the intrinsic stochasticity of dielectric breakdown to implement random projections in hardware for an echo state network that effectively minimizes the training cost thanks to its fixed and random weights. The system demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on both graph classification using the MUTAG and COLLAB datasets and node classification using the CORA dataset, achieving 34.2×, 93.2×, and 570.4× improvement of energy efficiency and 98.27%, 99.46%, and 95.12% reduction of training cost compared to conventional graph learning on digital hardware, respectively, which may pave the way for the next generation AI system for graph learning. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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The Gender Gap in Scholarly Self-Promotion on Social Media

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Peng, Hao Teplitskiy, Misha Romero, Daniel M. Horvát, Emoke-Ágnes School of Information University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Kellogg School of Management Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Northwestern University Institute on Complex Systems EvanstonIL60208 United States Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard Harvard University BostonMA United States Center for the Study of Complex Systems University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan MI United States School of Communication Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Self-promotion in science is ubiquitous but may not be exercised equally by men and women. Research on self-promotion in other domains suggests that, due to bias in self-assessment and adverse reactions to non-gender-conforming behaviors ("pushback"), women tend to self-promote less often than men. We test whether this pattern extends to scholars by examining self-promotion over six years using 23M Tweets about 2.8M research papers by 3.5M authors. Overall, women are about 28% less likely than men to self-promote their papers even after accounting for important confounds, and this gap has grown over time. Moreover, differential adoption of Twitter does not explain the gender gap, which is large even in relatively gender-balanced broad research areas, where bias in self-assessment and pushback are expected to be smaller. Further, the gap increases with higher performance and status, being most pronounced for productive women from top-ranked institutions who publish in high-impact journals. Critically, we find differential returns with respect to gender: while self-promotion is associated with increased tweets of papers, the increase is smaller for women than for men. Our findings suggest that self-promotion varies meaningfully by gender and help explain gender differences in the visibility of scientific ideas. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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From Structure to Coherence: Comprehensive Electron Microscopy Analysis of Superconducting Quantum Devices

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2024年第SUPPLEMENT_1期30卷

作者： Pham, Thang Cheng, Matthew Goronzy, Dominic P Lim, Peter Reis, Roberto dos Hersam, Mark C Dravid, Vinayak P Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center (SQMS) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia Illinois United States Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center Northwestern University Evanston IL USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois United States

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Adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for linear discrete-time plants

Adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for linear discrete...

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Chinese Control Conference (CCC)

作者： Hao Yu Zhe Guan Tongwen Chen Toru Yamamoto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Data-Driven Smart Systems Collaborative Research Laboratory Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

ISBN: (数字)9789881563903

ISBN: (纸本)9781728165233

This paper studies adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for 2nd-order linear discrete-time plants for set-point tracking. A new adaptive law is designed by introducing a decay parameter to improve the robustness of the closed-loop system. By utilizing the extra robustness, an absolute type of event-triggering conditions is proposed, where the threshold parameter is co-designed with the adaptive laws. Then, the closed-loop system is formulated into a nonlinear interconnected system among the tracking errors, the differences of outputs, and the parameter estimation errors. A rigorous proof of stability is provided to ensure that the tracking error converges to a vicinity of zero when the initial state belongs to some compact sets. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed results.

关键词： Adaptive systems Closed loop systems Stability analysis PI control PD control Robustness Adaptation models

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Fractional-order biological system: chaos, multistability and coexisting attractors

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2021年第5期231卷 1061-1070页

作者： Debbouche, Nadjette Ouannas, Adel Momani, Shaher Cafagna, Donato Pham, Viet-Thanh Laboratory of Dynamical System and Control University of Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum El Bouaghi Algeria Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Larbi Ben M’hidi University Oum El Bouaghi Algeria Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC) College of Humanities and Sciences Ajman University Ajman UAE Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Innovation Engineering University of Salento Lecce Italy Nonlinear Systems and Applications Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of the biological system modeled by the fractional incommensurate order Van der Pol equations are investigated. The stability of the proposed fractional non-autonomous system is analyzed by varying both the fractional order derivative and system parameters. Moreover, very interesting phenomena such as symmetry, multi-stability and coexistence of attractors are discovered in the considered biological system. Numerical simulations are performed by considering the Caputo fractional derivative and results are reported by means of bifurcation diagrams, computation of the largest Lyapunov exponent, phase portraits in 2D and 3D projections.

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