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arXiv 2021年

作者： Cho, Yujin Kang, Jin Ho Liang, Liangbo Kong, Xiangru Ghosh, Subhajit Kargar, Fariborz Hu, Chaowei Balandin, Alexander A. Puretzky, Alexander A. Ni, Ni Wong, Chee Wei Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy California Nano Systems Institute University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States

An intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 can be realized by intercalating Mn-Te bilayer chain in a topological insulator, Bi2Te3. MnBi2Te4 provides not only a stable platform to demonstrate exotic physical phenomena, but also easy tunability of the physical properties. For example, inserting more Bi2Te3 layers in between two adjacent MnBi2Te4 weakens the interlayer magnetic interactions between the MnBi2Te4 layers. Here we present the first observations on the inter- and intra-layer phonon modes of MnBi2nTe3n+1 (n=1,2,3,4) using cryogenic low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. We experimentally and theoretically distinguish the Raman vibrational modes using various polarization configurations. The two peaks at 66 cm-1 and 112 cm-1 show an abnormal perturbation in the Raman linewidths below the magnetic transition temperature due to spin-phonon coupling. In MnBi4Te7, the Bi2Te3 layers induce Davydov splitting of the A1g mode around 137 cm-1 at 5 K. Using the linear chain model, we estimate the out-of-plane interlayer force constant to be (3.98 ± 0.14) × 1019 N/m3 at 5 K, three times weaker than that of Bi2Te3. Our work discovers the dynamics of phonon modes of the MnBi2Te4 and the effect of the additional Bi2Te3 layers, providing the first-principles guidance to tailor the physical properties of layered heterostructures. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Electric insulators

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Epigenetic factor competition reshapes the EMT landscape

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ali Al-Radhawi, M. Tripathi, Shubham Zhang, Yun Sontag, Eduardo D. Levine, Herbert Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Center for Theoretical Biological Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States PhD Program in Systems Synthetic and Physical Biology Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research CambridgeMA02142 United States Department of Bioengineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing100021 China

The emergence of and transitions between distinct phenotypes in isogenic cells can be attributed to the intricate interplay of epigenetic marks, external signals, and gene regulatory elements. These elements include chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, transcription factors, and regulatory RNAs. Mathematical models known as Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) are an increasingly important tool to unravel the workings of such complex networks. In such models, epigenetic factors are usually proposed to act on the chromatin regions directly involved in the expression of relevant genes. However, it has been well-established that these factors operate globally and compete with each other for targets genome-wide. Therefore, a perturbation of the activity of a regulator can redistribute epigenetic marks across the genome and modulate the levels of competing regulators. In this paper, we propose a conceptual and mathematical modeling framework that incorporates both local and global competition effects between antagonistic epigenetic regulators in addition to local transcription factors, and show the counter-intuitive consequences of such interactions. We apply our approach to recent experimental findings on the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). We show that it can explain the puzzling experimental data as well provide new verifiable predictions. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Transcription factors

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Performance Evaluation of Faults in a Photovoltaic Array Based on V-I and V-P Characteristic Curve

Performance Evaluation of Faults in a Photovoltaic Array Bas...

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International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA

作者： Ehtisham Lodhi Wang Lina Yang Pu M. Yaqoob Javed Zeeshan Lodhi Jiao Zhijie Usman Javed School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Pakistan The Guo China-US photonics Lab Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China

ISBN: (数字)9781728170817

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170824

The prediction and forecasting of faults occurring in photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the important aspect to escalate the reliability, output power generation, proficiency, lifetime and effectiveness of overall system. In this article, the behavior of PV array is studied under various faulty circumstances and new approach has offered for the better performance assessment of PV array. This approach is established on the analysis of peculiarities displayed by voltage power (V-P) and voltage-current (V-I) characteristics curves of PV array under different faulty conditions. The proposed technique can be used to identify and classify the five common faults in PV system. These progressive faults (includes open circuit, line-to-line, partial shading, degradation and bridging faults) have been occurred at the basic components of PV cell and at the connection point between PV modules. The characteristic curves under normal and faulty conditions have been compared by utilizing Matlab/Simulink environment. Hence, the suggested method can be utilized to determine the important fact about the health PV array.

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FAIR for AI: An interdisciplinary and international community building perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Huerta, E.A. Blaiszik, Ben Brinson, L. Catherine Bouchard, Kristofer E. Diaz, Daniel Doglioni, Caterina Duarte, Javier M. Emani, Murali Foster, Ian Fox, Geoffrey Harris, Philip Heinrich, Lukas Jha, Shantenu Katz, Daniel S. Kindratenko, Volodymyr Kirkpatrick, Christine R. Lassila-Perini, Kati Madduri, Ravi K. Neubauer, Mark S. Psomopoulos, Fotis E. Roy, Avik Rübel, Oliver Zhao, Zhizhen Zhu, Ruike Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Computer Science University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Globus University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Scientific Data Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Biological Systems & Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States Lund University Department of Physics Box 118 Lund221 00 Sweden School of Physics & Astronomy The University of Manchester ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Biocomplexity Institute Department of Computer Science University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Technical University Munich Arcisstraße 21 München80333 Germany Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers The State University of New Jersey PiscatawayNJ08854 United States National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States School of Information Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA

A foundational set of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles were proposed in 2016 as prerequisites for proper data management and stewardship, with the goal of enabling the reusability of scholarly data. The principles were also meant to apply to other digital assets, at a high level, and over time, the FAIR guiding principles have been reinterpreted or extended to include the software, tools, algorithms, and workflows that produce data. FAIR principles are now being adapted in the context of AI models and datasets. Here, we present the perspectives, vision, and experiences of researchers from different countries, disciplines, and backgrounds who are leading the definition and adoption of FAIR principles in their communities of practice, and discuss outcomes that may result from pursuing and incentivizing FAIR AI research. The material for this report builds on the FAIR for AI Workshop held at Argonne National laboratory on June 7, 2022. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information management

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Development of hydroxyapatite-enhanced membrane for nanoplastics removal: Multiple scenarios and mechanism exploration

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 495卷 138781页

作者： Li, Mengna Huang, Guohe Wang, Shuguang Huang, Jing Xu, Zeyuan Environmental Systems Engineering Program University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada China-Canada Center of Energy Environment and Sustainability Research UR-SDU School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Qingdao266237 China Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering University of Pavia Pavia27100 Italy

Nanoplastics (NPs) are widespread in wastewater systems and more toxic than microplastics (MPs), necessitating effective removal techniques. Although membranes can effectively remove MPs, their efficiency and mechanisms for NPs removal require further study. A novel hydroxyapatite functionalized PVDF (HAPF) membrane was developed for NPs removal. The optimized HAPF membrane was prepared via a one-step method with 800 mg/L HAP at pH 7.3 for 8 hours. It achieved a water flux of 4376.44 LMH, 3.4 times higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane, while maintaining a polystyrene (PS) NPs rejection above 99.5 %. The HAPF membrane maintained 95 % of its pure water flux when treating wastewater with only PS NPs, but exhibited severe flux decline under varying conditions, such as surface-functionalized PS NPs, pH changes, or coexisting contaminants. Among these, the presence of MgSO4 alongside PS NPs caused the most severe water flux reduction, with the HAPF membrane undergoing complete blocking, followed by the formation of a cake layer. XDLVO results revealed that there is an attractive interaction between the HAPF membrane and PS NPs, primarily driven by acid-base interaction. The HAPF membrane exhibited significantly lower Rm and Rf values than the PVDF membrane and achieved a flux recovery rate of 92.94 % over multiple fouling-cleaning cycles. Its water flux was 18.9 times that of the PVDF membrane during long-term filtration. The developed HAPF membrane holds significant potential for advanced water treatment and fouling resistance. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： River pollution

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Inverse-designed multi-dimensional silicon photonic transmitters

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yang, Ki Youl White, Alexander D. Ashtiani, Farshid Shirpurkar, Chinmay Pericherla, Srinivas V. Chang, Lin Song, Hao Zou, Kaiheng Zhou, Huibin Pang, Kai Yang, Joshua Guidry, Melissa A. Lukin, Daniil M. Hao, Han Trask, Lawrence Ahn, Geun Ho Netherton, Aandy Briles, Travis C. Stone, Jordan R. Rechtman, Lior Stone, Jeffery S. van Gasse, Kasper Skarda, Jinhie L. Su, Logan Vercruysse, Dries MacLean, Jean-Philippe W. Aghaeimeibodi, Shahriar Li, Ming-Jun Miller, David A.B. Marom, Dan Papp, Scott B. Willner, Alan E. Bowers, John E. Delfyett, Peter J. Aflatouni, Firooz Vučković, Jelena E.L.Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States The College of Optics and Photonics University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States Time and Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO United States Applied Physics Department The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel Corning Incorporated CorningNY United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO United States

Modern microelectronic processors have migrated towards parallel computing architectures with many-core processors. However, such expansion comes with diminishing returns exacted by the high cost of data movement between individual processors. The use of optical interconnects1,2 has burgeoned as a promising technology that can address the limits of this data transfer. While recent pushes to enhance optical communication have focused on developing wavelength-division multiplexing technology, this approach will eventually saturate the usable bandwidth, and new dimensions of data transfer will be paramount to fulfill the ever-growing need for speed3–6. Here we demonstrate an integrated intra- and inter-chip multi-dimensional communication scheme enabled by photonic inverse design. Using inverse-designed mode-division multiplexers, we combine wavelength- and mode- multiplexing and send massively parallel data through nano-photonic waveguides and optical fibres. Crucially, as we take advantage of an orthogonal optical basis, our approach is inherently scalable to a multiplicative enhancement over the current state of the art. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： parallel architectures

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Group-fair online allocation in continuous time 20

Group-fair online allocation in continuous time

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Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Neural Information Processing systems

作者： Semih Cayci Swati Gupta Atilla Eryilmaz Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH

ISBN: (纸本)9781713829546

The theory of discrete-time online learning has been successfully applied in many problems that involve sequential decision-making under uncertainty. However, in many applications including contractual hiring in online freelancing platforms and server allocation in cloud computing systems, the outcome of each action is observed only after a random and action-dependent time. Furthermore, as a consequence of certain ethical and economic concerns, the controller may impose deadlines on the completion of each task, and require fairness across different groups in the allocation of total time budget B. In order to address these applications, we consider continuous-time online learning problem with fairness considerations, and present a novel framework based on continuous-time utility maximization. We show that this formulation recovers reward-maximizing, max-min fair and proportionally fair allocation rules across different groups as special cases. We characterize the optimal offline policy, which allocates the total time between different actions in an optimally fair way (as defined by the utility function), and impose deadlines to maximize time-efficiency. In the absence of any statistical knowledge, we propose a novel online learning algorithm based on dual ascent optimization for time averages, and prove that it achieves Õ(B-1/2) regret bound.

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Adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for linear discrete-time plants

Adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for linear discrete...

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第三十九届中国控制会议

作者： Hao Yu Zhe Guan Tongwen Chen Toru Yamamoto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Data-Driven Smart Systems Collaborative Research Laboratory KOBELCO Construction Machinery Dream-Driven Co-Creation Research Center Hiroshima University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University

This paper studies adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for 2nd-order linear discrete-time plants for set-point tracking. A new adaptive law is designed by introducing a decay parameter to improve the robustness of the closed-loop *** utilizing the extra robustness, an absolute type of event-triggering conditions is proposed, where the threshold parameter is co-designed with the adaptive laws. Then, the closed-loop system is formulated into a nonlinear interconnected system among the tracking errors, the differences of outputs, and the parameter estimation errors. A rigorous proof of stability is provided to ensure that the tracking error converges to a vicinity of zero when the initial state belongs to some compact sets. Finally,numerical simulations are given to illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed results.

关键词： Adaptive control event-triggered control linear systems PID controllers

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Free-electron Brewster radiation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Ruoxi Chen, Jialin Gong, Zheng Zhang, Xinyan Zhu, Xingjian Yang, Yi Kaminer, Ido Chen, Hongsheng Zhang, Baile Lin, Xiao Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center The Electromagnetics Academy Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel School of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Physics University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing312000 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore

Free-electron radiation offers an enticing route to create light emission at arbitrary spectral regime. However, this type of light emission is generally weak, which is intrinsically limited by the weak particle-matter interaction and unavoidably impedes the development of many promising applications, such as the miniaturization of free-electron radiation sources and high-energy particle detectors. Here we reveal a mechanism to enhance the particle-matter interaction by exploiting the pseudo-Brewster effect of gain materials – presenting an enhancement of at least four orders of magnitude for the light emission. This mechanism is enabled by the emergence of an unprecedented phase diagram that maps all phenomena of free-electron radiation into three distinct phases in a gain-thickness parameter space, namely the conventional, intermediate, and Brewster phases, when an electron penetrates a dielectric slab with a modest gain and a finite thickness. Essentially, our revealed mechanism corresponds to the free-electron radiation in the Brewster phase, which also uniquely features ultrahigh directionality, always at the Brewster angle, regardless of the electron velocity. Counterintuitively, we find that the intensity of this free-electron Brewster radiation is insensitive to the Fabry-Pérot resonance condition and thus the variation of slab thickness, and moreover, a weaker gain could lead to a stronger enhancement for the light emission. The scheme of free-electron Brewster radiation, especially along with its compatibility with low-energy electrons, may enable the development of high-directionality high-intensity light sources at any frequency. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electrons

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Enhanced MPC for Fast Frequency Control in Inverter-Dominated Power systems

Enhanced MPC for Fast Frequency Control in Inverter-Dominate...

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International Conference on Smart Energy systems and Technologies (SEST)

作者： Ognjen Stanojev Uros Markovic Evangelos Vrettos Petros Aristidou Duncan Callaway Gabriela Hug EEH - Power Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Swissgrid AG Laufenburg Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering and Informatics Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus Energy & Resources Group UC Berkeley Berkeley CA US

ISBN: (数字)9781728147017

ISBN: (纸本)9781728147024

Due to the rising shares of renewable energy sources, future power systems are facing significant changes in control complexity and system inertia, thus making frequency regulation in power systems more challenging. This paper proposes a novel control scheme based on model predictive control for grid-forming Voltage Source Converters (VSCs), with the goal of exploiting their fast response capabilities and available DC-side energy storage to provide fast frequency control service to the system. An observer based on support vector machine regression detects and estimates system disturbances using only locally available measurements at each VSC. Frequency evolution is then anticipated through state-space predictions and the VSC power output is adjusted to compensate the disturbance and prevent frequency threshold violations. The proposed control scheme is evaluated and its effectiveness demonstrated through detailed time-domain simulations of the IEEE 39-bus test system.

关键词： Frequency control Power conversion Voltage control Frequency measurement Integrated circuit modeling Support vector machines

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