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Achieve Global Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Goal through Constructing Human 'Faults' in Electric Grids

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SSRN

SSRN 2020年

作者： Li, Canbing Liu, Xubin Xu, Zhenci Zhou, Bin Shahidehpour, Mohammad Cao, Yijia Liu, Jianguo Sun, Kai Wu, Qiuwei Liu, Hui Chen, Xinyu Zhang, Yongjun Chen, Chen Chen, Dawei Li, Yingjie Hatziargyriou, Nikos Huang, Wentao Zhang, Cong Liu, Yakun Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability Michigan State University East LansingMI48823 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States School of Electrical Engineering and Information Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha410114 China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej Kgs.Lyngby2800 Denmark College of Electrical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States School of Electric Power South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640 China School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens15773 Greece Michigan State University United States

The current 25% of global renewable energy among electric grids generation is far from the stated goal of 60% in 2040 and 100% in 2050. One of the biggest dilemma to cost-effectively increase this percentage, through grids interconnection, is that the traditional fault blocking methodology has reached its safety protection ceiling. In contrary to the traditional wisdom that any form of faults must be avoided, here we proposed a fault dredging methodology by constructing human “faults” to create artificial fault current release channels to solve high-level fault current bottleneck during grids interconnection. Using actual region electric grids from globally representative countries across six continents for demonstration, our results show that human “faults” can enable the percentages of renewable energy in USA, UK, China, Brazil, Australia, Nigeria and IEEE RTS system increase from 19.2%~47.2% to over 90%, which are much higher than all of conventional technologies. Correspondingly, the emissions of CO2, NOX and SOX in these systems respectively decrease by 67.84%~88.07%, 61.17%~88.24% and 58.25%~88.33%. Our findings suggest a new approach to reach the global renewable energy goal and promote the progress toward achieving carbon-free energy system. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Free energy

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Empowered THz Communication in LEO Satellite Networks

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tekbıyık, Kürşat Kurt, Güneş Karabulut Ekti, Ali Rıza Yanikomeroglu, Halim The Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering İstanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey The Poly-Grames Research Center Department of Electrical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada The Grid Communications and Security Group Electrification and Energy Infrastructure Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN United States The Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada

The revolution in the low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks will bring changes on their communication models and a shift from the classical bent-pipe architectures to more sophisticated networking platforms. Thanks to technological advancements in microelectronics and micro-systems, the terahertz (THz) band has emerged as a strong candidate for inter-satellite links (ISLs) due to its promise of high data rates. Yet, the propagation conditions of the THz band need to be properly modeled and controlled with utilizing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to leverage their full potential. In this work, we first provide an assessment of the use of the THz band for ISLs, and quantify the impact of misalignment fading on error performance. Then, in order to compensate for the high path loss associated with high carrier frequencies, and to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we propose the use of RISs mounted on neighboring satellites to enable signal propagation. Based on a mathematical analysis of the problem, we present the error rate expressions for RIS-assisted ISLs with misalignment fading. Also, numerical results show that RIS can leverage the error rate performance and achievable capacity of THz ISLs. © 2020, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Orbits

Can Primal Methods Outperform Primal-dual Methods in Decentralized Dynamic Optimization?

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yuan, Kun Xu, Wei Ling, Qing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China. School of Data and Computer Science Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational Science Sun Yat-Sen University NSF China Grants Fundamental Research Funds Central Universities Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers Pacific Grove61573331 and 61973324 United States

In this paper, we consider the decentralized dynamic optimization problem defined over a multi-agent network. Each agent possesses a time-varying local objective function, and all agents aim to collaboratively track the drifting global optimal solution that minimizes the summation of all local objective functions. The decentralized dynamic optimization problem can be solved by primal or primal-dual methods, and when the problem degenerates to be static, it has been proved in literature that primal-dual methods are superior to primal ones. This motivates us to ask: are primal-dual methods necessarily better than primal ones in decentralized dynamic optimization? To answer this question, we investigate and compare convergence properties of the primal method, diffusion, and the primal-dual approach, decentralized gradient tracking (DGT). Theoretical analysis reveals that diffusion can outperform DGT in certain dynamic settings. We find that DGT and diffusion are significantly affected by the drifts and the magnitudes of optimal gradients, respectively. In addition, we show that DGT is more sensitive to the network topology, and a badly-connected network can greatly deteriorate its convergence performance. These conclusions provide guidelines on how to choose proper dynamic algorithms in various application scenarios. Numerical experiments are constructed to validate the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diffusion

Retransmission-based Successful Delivery Tuning in Damaged Critical Infrastructures for VANETs

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Retransmission-based Successful Delivery Tuning in Damaged C...

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Grace Khayat Constandinos X. Mavromoustakis George Mastorakis Jordi Mongay Batalla Hoda Maalouf Mithun Mukherjee Evangelos Pallis Department of Computer Science Mobile Systems Laboratory (MoSys Lab) University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus Science and Technology Hellenic Mediterranean University Agios Nikolaos Crete Greece National Institute of Telecommunications and Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland Computer Science Department Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences Notre Dame University Louaize Zouk Mosbeh Lebanon Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology P.R. China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion Crete Greece

ISBN: (数字)9781728150895

ISBN: (纸本)9781728150901

Breakdown or interruption of communication infrastructure is one of the most immediate and significant impacts of natural disasters. This paper is devoted to the modeling of the successful uplink in Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) in disaster cases where vehicles encounter disrupted communication. The packets' size to be transmitted, the vehicles' speed, the infrastructure coverage range, the disconnected distance, and the number of copies sent have a strong influence on the probability of success for uploading the packets. A simple connectionless retransmission scheme is proposed where several copies of the same packet are transmitted to make sure that the vehicle will upload successfully at least one copy of the packet. The optimum number of retransmission and the choice of inter-frame gap required between successive copy packets are also found. In this respect, this paper studies the mentioned parameters' effect on the probability of success for the uplink and the throughput. MATLAB was used to run a simulation and validate the theoretical analysis.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks Routing protocols Uplink Throughput Reliability

Enabling cyberattack-resilient load forecasting through adversarial machine learning

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tang, Zefan Jiao, Jieying Zhang, Peng Yue, Meng Chen, Chen Yan, Jun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Department of Statistics University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States Sustainable Energy Technologies Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States

In the face of an increasingly broad cyberattack surface, cyberattack-resilient load forecasting for electric utilities is both more necessary and more challenging than ever. In this paper, we propose an adversarial machine learning (AML) approach, which can respond to a wide range of attack behaviors without detecting outliers. It strikes a balance between enhancing a system's robustness against cyberattacks and maintaining a reasonable degree of forecasting accuracy when there is no attack. Attack models and configurations for the adversarial training were selected and evaluated to achieve the desired level of performance in a simulation study. The results validate the effectiveness and excellent performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural networks

Nonexpansive piecewise constant hybrid systems are conservative

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Sharifnassab, Arsalan Tsitsiklis, John N. Golestani, S. Jamaloddin Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States

Consider a partition of Rn into finitely many polyhedral regions Di and associated drift vectors µi ∈ Rn. We study "hybrid" dynamical systems whose trajectories have a constant drift, x = µi, whenever x is in the interior of the ith region Di, and behave consistently on the boundary between different regions. Our main result asserts that if such a system is nonexpansive (i.e., if the Euclidean distance between any pair of trajectories is a nonincreasing function of time), then the system must be conservative, i.e., its trajectories are the same as the trajectories of the negative subgradient flow associated with a potential function. Furthermore, this potential function is necessarily convex, and is linear on each of the regions Di. We actually establish a more general version of this result, by making seemingly weaker assumptions on the dynamical system of interest. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Piecewise linear techniques

GardnerNet: An Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Quantitative Human Blastocyst Evaluation - A Retrospective Model Development and Validation Study

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Hang Chen, Longbin Shan, Guanqiao Sun, Chen Liao, Hongqing Lu, Changfu Zhang, Shuoping Dong, Shaonan Xu, Xinxin Yan, Qiuyun Gong, Fei Zhang, Zhuoran Dai, Changsheng Chen, Wenyuan Song, Haocong Chen, Lei Sun, Haixiang Wang, Shanshan Lin, Ge Sun, Yu Gu, Yifan Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 5 King’s College Road TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering School of Basic Medical Science Central South University 172 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China Hengyang Nanhua-Xinghui Reproductive Health Hospital 30 Jiefang Road Hunan Province Hengyang China The second Affiliated Hospital Hengyang Medical School University of South China 30 Jiefang Road Hunan Province Hengyang City China Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya 567 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering School of Basic Medical Science Central South University 172 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya 567 Tongzipo Road Hunan Province Changsha China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen 2001 Longxiang Boulevard Longgang District Shenzhen China Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Dalian University of Technolgy 2 Linggong Road Liaoning Province Dalian China Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 40 St George Street TorontoONM5S 2E4 Canada Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Nanjing University Medical School 321 Zhongshan Road Jiangsu Province Nanjing China National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell 8 Luyun Road Jiangsu Province Changsha China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10 King’s College Road TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto 164 College Street TorontoONM5S 3G9 Canada

Background: Selecting the blastocyst with the highest potential for live birth from a cohort is crucial for the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). While the Gardner and Schoolcraft morphological grading system, commonly known as the Gardner grading system, is widely used by embryologists worldwide, blastocysts having similar or the same inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) grades cause challenges for embryologists in decision-making. Furthermore, human assessment is subjective and inconsistent in predicting which blastocysts have higher potential to result in live birth. This study aims to develop an interpretable, quantitative method aligned with the Gardner grading system, providing continuous scores that correlate with live birth outcomes, thereby assisting embryologists in improving blastocyst selection. Methods: In this retrospective study, we developed GardnerNet, an interpretable deep learning model that outputs expansion degree grade and continuous scores quantifying a blastocyst's ICM morphology and TE morphology, based on the Gardner grading system. The continuous ICM and TE scores were calculated by weighting each base grade's predicted probability and summing the predicted probabilities. To represent each blastocyst's overall potential for live birth, we combined the ICM and TE scores using their odds ratios (ORs) for live birth. We further assessed the correlation between the ICM score, TE score, and the OR-combined score (adjusted for expansion degree) with live birth rates by applying GardnerNet to blastocysts with known live birth outcomes. To test its generalizability, we also applied GardnerNet to an external IVF institution, accounting for variations in imaging conditions, live birth rates, and embryologists' experience levels. Findings: GardnerNet was developed using data from 2760 blastocysts with majority-voted grades for expansion degree, ICM, and TE. The model achieved mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve

关键词： Risk assessment

Geometric Filterless Photodetectors for Mid-infrared Spin Light

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wei, Jingxuan Chen, Yang Li, Ying Li, Wei Xie, Junsheng Lee, Chengkuo Novoselov, Kostya S. Qiu, Cheng-Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behaviour and Design of Materials Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Haining314400 China GPL Photonics Lab State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130033 China Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS National University of Singapore Singapore117608 Singapore Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of Singapore Singapore117544 Singapore

Free-space circularly polarized light (CPL) detection, requiring polarizers and waveplates, has been well established, while such spatial degree of freedom is unfortunately absent in integrated on-chip optoelectronics. So far, those reported filterless CPL photodetectors suffer from the intrinsic small discrimination ratio, vulnerability to the non-CPL field components, and low responsivity. Here, we report a distinct paradigm of geometric photodetectors in mid-infrared exhibiting colossal discrimination ratio, close-to-perfect CPL-specific response, a zero-bias responsivity of 392 V/W at room temperature, and a detectivity of ellipticity down to 0.03o Hz−1/2. Our approach employs plasmonic nanostructures array with judiciously designed symmetry, assisted by graphene ribbons to electrically read their near-field optical information. This geometry-empowered recipe for infrared photodetectors provides a robust, direct, strict, and high-quality solution to on-chip filterless CPL detection and unlocks new opportunities for integrated functional optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photodetectors

Perspectives on spintronic diodes

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Finocchio, Giovanni Tomasello, Riccardo Fang, Bin Giordano, Anna Puliafito, Vito Carpentieri, Mario Zeng, Zhongming Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University di Messina MessinaI-98166 Italy Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics FORTH Heraklion CreteGR-70013 Greece Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Department of Engineering University of Messina MessinaI-98166 Italy Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Polytechnic of Bari BariI-70125 Italy Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nano-bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruoshui Road 398 Suzhou215123 China

Spintronic diodes are emerging as disruptive candidates for impacting several technological applications ranging from the Internet of Things to Artificial Intelligence. In this letter, an overview of the recent achievements on spintronic diodes is briefly presented, underling the major breakthroughs that have led these devices to have the largest sensitivity measured up to date for a diode. For each class of spintronic diodes (passive, active, resonant, non-resonant), we indicate the remaining developments to improve the performances as well as the future directions. We also dedicate the last part of this perspective to new ideas for developing spintronic diodes in multiphysics systems by combining 2-dimensional materials and antiferromagnets. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Diodes