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Reducing division latency with reciprocal caches

Reliable Computing 1996年第2期2.0卷 147-153页

作者： Oberman, Stuart F. Computer Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States

Floating-point division is generally regarded as a high latency operation in typical floating-point applications. Many techniques exist for increasing division performance, often at the cost of increasing either chip area, cycle time, or both. This paper presents two methods for reducing the latency of division. Using applications from the SPECfp92 and NAS benchmark suites, these methods are evaluated to determine their effects on overall system performance. The notion of recurring computation is presented, and it is shown how recurring division can be exploited using an additional, dedicated division cache. For multiplication-based division algorithms, reciprocal caches can be utilized to store recurring reciprocals. Results show that reciprocal caches can achieve nearly a two-times speedup in division performance for reasonable cache sizes. © S. F. Oberman, M. J. Flynn, 1996.

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Implementing real-time partitioned convolution algorithms on conventional operating systems

Implementing real-time partitioned convolution algorithms on...

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14th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects, DAFx 2011

作者： Battenberg, Eric Avižienis, Rimas Parallel Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9782954035109

We describe techniques for implementing real-time partitioned convolution algorithms on conventional operating systems using two different scheduling paradigms: time-distributed (cooperative) and multi-threaded (preemptive). We discuss the optimizations applied to both implementations and present measurements of their performance for a range of impulse response lengths on a recent high-end desktop machine. We find that while the time-distributed implementation is better suited for use as a plugin within a host audio application, the preemptive version was easier to implement and significantly outperforms the time-distributed version despite the overhead of frequent context switches.

关键词： Impulse response

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Compact Model Build Upon Dynamic Weighting Artificial Neural Network Approach for Complementary Field Effect Transistors

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2024年第1期71卷 246-253页

作者： Butola, Rajat Li, Yiming Kola, Sekhar Reddy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program The Institute of Communications Engineering the Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

In this work, a dynamic weighting-artificial neural network (DW-ANN) methodology is presented for quick and automated compact model (CM) generation. It takes advantage of both TCAD simulations for high accuracy and SPICE simulations for cost-effectiveness. This methodology is developed for gate-all-around (GAA) silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) complementary field effect transistor (CFET), a potential candidate for future CMOS technology due to its innate properties. The critical process variation (PV) sources that severely degrade the CFET performance are estimated using DW-ANN. It reduces the computation cost and predicts the effects of PV sources with less than 1% error. Furthermore, a compact DW-ANN-based Verilog-A model has been developed that captures the dc as well as transient behavior accurately for circuit-level analysis. CFET-based circuits such as inverter, 6T-static random access memory (SRAM), and ring oscillator (RO) are characterized and implemented using DW-ANN-based CM. The overall average error of the model is reported as less than 2%. Therefore, the proposed device and circuit modeling approach provides a feasible solution for the rapid compact modeling of new emerging devices with good convergence and high accuracy. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Enhancement of pulsed laser ablation assisted with continuous wave laser irradiation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第3期62卷 66-74页

作者： Ye Ding LiJun Yang MingHui Hong Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing Ministry of Education Harbin Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology

Continuous wave(CW) laser irradiation is employed to enhance the pulsed laser ablation of silicon and stainless steel(316 L)samples. Different surface temperatures generated by the CW laser irradiation are set as the initial working circumstance for the pulsed laser ablation. The diameter and depth of laser-ablated craters are measured to study threshold fluence, pulse incubation coefficient and ablation rate under different surface temperatures. Numerical simulation employing Heat Transfer in Solid and Deformed Geometry Interface modules in COMSOL is performed to estimate ablation rate theoretically based on Hertz-Knudsen equation. The realized crater-related data are analyzed to further obtain their dependences on surface temperature. The parametric and morphological studies indicate that the weakened plasma shielding effect and thermal diffusion in the ablated region induced by the CW laser irradiation lead to the enhanced pulsed laser ablation significantly.

关键词： enhanced pulsed laser ablation CW laser irradiation Hertz-Knudsen equation parametric and morphological studies

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Adaptive Fault Detection Scheme Using an Optimized Self-healing Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithm

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2022年第4期8卷 1145-1156页

作者： Levent Yavuz Ahmet Soran AhmetÖnen Xiangjun Li S.M.Muyeen Electrical and Computer Engineering Department in Abdullah Gül University Kayseri 38080Turkey Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityAl-KhoudMuscat123Oman Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar State Key Laboratory of Control and Operation of Renewable Energy and Storage Systems China Electric Power Rescarch InstituteBeijing 100192China

This paper proposes a new cost-efficient,adaptive,and self-healing algorithm in real time that detects faults in a short period with high accuracy,even in the situations when it is difficult to *** than using traditional machine learning(ML)algorithms or hybrid signal processing techniques,a new framework based on an optimization enabled weighted ensemble method is developed that combines essential ML *** the proposed method,the system will select and compound appropriate ML algorithms based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)*** this purpose,power system failures are simulated by using the PSCA D-Python *** of the salient features of this study is that the proposed solution works on real-time raw data without using any pre-computational techniques or pre-stored ***,the proposed technique will be able to work on different systems,topologies,or data *** proposed fault detection technique is validated by using PSCAD-Python co-simulation on a modified and standard IEEE-14 and standard IEEE-39 bus considering network faults which are difficult to detect.

关键词： Decision tree(DT) ensemble machine learning algorithm fault detection islanding operation k-Nearest Neighbor(kNN) linear discriminant analysis(LDA) logistic regression(LR) Naive Bayes(NB) self-healing algorithm

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MICROFABRICATED ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC PUMPS

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL 1990年第1-3期21卷 193-197页

作者： BART, SF TAVROW, LS MEHREGANY, M LANG, JH Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems Microsystems Technology Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A.

Pumping is often cited as a general application which motivates the development of microfabricated motors and other actuators. In that spirit, this paper studies microfabricated electrohydrodynamic fluid pumps. In electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping, fluid forces are generated by the interaction of electric fields and charges in the fluid. In contrast to forces generated by mechanical pumping using an impeller or bellows, EHD pumping requires no moving parts and consequently offers the possibility of simplified fabrication and high reliability. This paper discusses electrohydrodynamic pumping and issues concerning its use in micronsize scale systems. The fundamental operating principles of the EHD pump are outlined and examples of configurations which meet the requirement for inducing free electric charge are shown. The possible performance achievable in micron size-scale regimes is indicated. Issues concerning fluid conductivity, instability and surface tension are addressed. A microfabricated structure which demonstrates the EHD pumping of a highly insulating silicone oil is described. The structure consists of an array of 10 μm by 235 μm highly doped, LPCVD polycrystalline silicon electrodes patterned over silicon nitride. The electrode array is excited with a traveling wave of electric potential. Pumping results are qualitatively described. This paper describes a study of electrohydrodynamic pumping, including issues concerning its application to micron size-scale systems. The fundamental operating principles of EHD pumps are outlined and the possible performance achievable in micron size-scale regimes is indicated. Surface and bulk instabilities are addressed. Finally, the preliminary results of an EHD pumping experiment with a microfabricated structure are described. A practical requirement for EHD pumping is the induction of free electric charge in the volume of the fluid to be pumped or on its interface with another material. Charge accumulation on a material

关键词： Pumps

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Reconstructing Noisy Gene Regulation Dynamics Using Extrinsic-Noise-Driven Neural Stochastic Differential Equations

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Jiancheng Li, Xiangting Guo, Xiaolu You, Zhaoyi Böttcher, Lucas Mogilner, Alex Hoffmann, Alexander Chou, Tom Xia, Mingtao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA United States Department of Computational Medicine University of California Los AngelesCA United States Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States Department of Computational Science and Philosophy Frankfurt School of Finance and Management Frankfurt am Main Germany Laboratory for Systems Medicine Department of Medicine University of Florida FL32610 United States Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University NY10012 United States Department of Mathematics University of California Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Mathematics University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States

Proper regulation of cell signaling and gene expression is crucial for maintaining cellular function, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. Reaction dynamics in cell populations is often noisy because of (i) inherent stochasticity of intracellular biochemical reactions ("intrinsic noise") and (ii) heterogeneity of cellular states across different cells that are influenced by external factors ("extrinsic noise"). In this work, we introduce an extrinsic-noise-driven neural stochastic differential equation (END-nSDE) framework that utilizes the Wasserstein distance to accurately reconstruct SDEs from trajectory data from a heterogeneous population of cells (extrinsic noise). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using both simulated and experimental data from three different systems in cell biology: (i) circadian rhythms, (ii) RPA-DNA binding dynamics, and (iii) NFκB signaling process. Our END-nSDE reconstruction method can model how cellular heterogeneity (extrinsic noise) modulates reaction dynamics in the presence of intrinsic noise. It also outperforms existing time-series analysis methods such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and long short-term memory networks (LSTMs). By inferring cellular heterogeneities from data, our END-nSDE reconstruction method can reproduce noisy dynamics observed in experiments. In summary, the reconstruction method we propose offers a useful surrogate modeling approach for complex biophysical processes, where high-fidelity mechanistic models may be impractical. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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A UNIFYING THEOREM FOR LINEAR AND TOTAL LINEAR LEAST-SQUARES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL 1990年第5期35卷 563-566页

作者： DEMOOR, B VANDEWALLE, J Department of Computer Science and the Information Systems Lab University of Stanford Stanford USA Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT Laboratory Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Heverlee Belgium

It is shown how both linear least-squares and total linear least-squares estimation schemes are special cases of a rank one modification of the data matrix or the sample covariance matrix. For a problem with n unknowns, there exist n linear least-squares solutions while the total linear least-squares solution is (generically) unique. When the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high, the total least-squares solution is a nonnegative combination of the least-squares solutions.

关键词： Linear sample covariance Theorem

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CARTILAGE ELECTROMECHANICS .2. A CONTINUUM MODEL OF CARTILAGE ELECTROKINETICS AND CORRELATION WITH EXPERIMENTS

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JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS 1987年第6期20卷 629-639页

作者： FRANK, EH GRODZINSKY, AJ Continuum Electromechanics Group Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA U.S.A.

We have formulated a continuum model for linear electrokinetic transduction in cartilage. Expressions are derived for the streaming potential and streaming current induced by oscillatory, uniaxial confined compression of the tissue, as well as the mechanical stress generated by a current density or potential difference applied to the tissue. The experimentally observed streaming potential and current-generated stress response, measured on the same specimens, are compared with the predictions of the theory over a wide frequency range. The theory compares well with the data for reasonable values of cartilage intrinsic mechanical parameters and electrokinetic coupling coefficients. Experiments also show a linear relationship between the stimulus amplitude and the transduction response amplitude, within the range of stimulus amplitudes of interest. This observation is shown to be consistent with the predictions of the linear theory.

关键词： BIOMECHANICS

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Robust Sliding Mode Control Using Adaptive Switching Gain for Induction Motors

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2013年第4期10卷 303-311页

作者： K. Jamoussi L. Chrifi-Alaoui H. Benderradji A. El Hajjaji M. Ouali Laboratory Computer and Embedded Systems National Engineering School University of Sfax Laboratory of Innovative Technology University of Picardie Jules Verne University of M'sila Electrical Engineering Department Laboratory of Modeling Information and Systems University of Picardie Jules Verne France

A robust sliding mode approach combined with a field oriented control （FOC） for induction motor （IM） speed control is presented. The proposed sliding mode control （SMC） design uses an adaptive switching gain and an integrator. This approach guarantees the same robustness and dynamic performance of traditional SMC algorithms. And at the same time, it attenuates the chattering phenomenon, which is the main drawback in actual implementation of this technique. This approach is insensitive to uncertainties and permits to decrease the requirement for the bound of these uncertainties. The stability and robustness of the closed- loop system are proven analytically using the Lyapunov synthesis approach. The proposed method attenuates the effect of both uncertainties and external disturbances. Experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness and the good performance of the developed method.

关键词： Sliding mode control field oriented control （FOC） practical validation switching gain induction motor.

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