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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xiaoming Liu Tsuhan Chen General Electric Global Research Center Visualization and Computer Vision Laboratory Schenectady NY USA Advanced Multimedia Processing Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769523722

Researchers have been working on human face recognition for decades. Face recognition is hard due to different types of variations in face images, such as pose, illumination and expression, among which pose variation is the hardest one to deal with. To improve face recognition under pose variation, this paper presents a geometry assisted probabilistic approach. We approximate a human head with a 3D ellipsoid model, so that any face image is a 2D projection of such a 3D ellipsoid at a certain pose. In this approach, both training and test images are back projected to the surface of the 3D ellipsoid, according to their estimated poses, to form the texture maps. Thus the recognition can be conducted by comparing the texture maps instead of the original images, as done in traditional face recognition. In addition, we represent the texture map as an array of local patches, which enables us to train a probabilistic model for comparing corresponding patches. By conducting experiments on the CMU PIE database, we show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than the existing algorithms.

关键词： Face recognition Geometry Solid modeling Ellipsoids Humans Lighting Head Testing Surface texture Image recognition

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Online modeling and tracking of pose-varying faces in video

Online modeling and tracking of pose-varying faces in video

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： X. Liu T. Chen General Electric Global Research Center Visualization and Computer Vision Laboratory Schenectady NY USA Advanced Multimedia Processing Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769523722

We propose a face mosaicing approach to model both the facial appearance and geometry from pose-varying videos, and apply it in face tracking and recognition. The basic idea is that by approximating the human head as a 3D ellipsoid, multi-view face images can be back projected onto the surface of the ellipsoid, and the surface texture map is decomposed into an array of local patches. During the online modeling process, the position and pose of the first frame is assumed to be known for a given video sequence. For each frame in the sequence, the algorithm estimates the face-position and pose, and generates a texture map, which is further utilized in updating the mosaic model.

关键词： Face recognition Solid modeling Geometry Ellipsoids Face detection Video sequences computer vision Humans Lighting Head

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Distributed tracking in AD-HOC sensor networks

Distributed tracking in AD-HOC sensor networks

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IEEE/SP Workshop on Statistical Signal processing (SSP)

作者： Tien Pham H.C. Papadopoulos Acoustic Signal Processing Branch U.S. Army Research Laboratory Adelphi MD USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park MD USA

In this paper, we present distributed algorithms for tracking a moving source via an ad-hoc network of sensors. Tracking is performed by employing a Kalman filter at all detecting nodes in the network. The Kalman filter employed at any given node exploits the availability of source-location snapshot and prediction estimates, both of which are computed via distributed locally constructed algorithms over the ad-hoc network. As our brief simulation-based analysis reveals, the source-tracking performance of the proposed algorithms is a function of the motion dynamics of the source, the snapshot source-localization algorithm employed, the network topology, and the number of iterations employed in the distributed approximation algorithm

关键词： Approximation algorithms Ad hoc networks Distributed algorithms Availability computer networks Distributed computing Computational modeling Analytical models Performance analysis Algorithm design and analysis

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Cost-effective video filtering solution for real-time vision systems

Cost-effective video filtering solution for real-time vision...

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作者： Fischer, Viktor Lukac, Rastislav Martin, Karl Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et Instrumentation Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 5516 Université Jean Monnet 10 rue Barrouin 42000 Saint-Etienne France Multimedia Laboratory Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 10 King's College Road Toronto Ont. M5S 3G4 Canada Jean Monnet University of Saint-Etienne France Department of Electronics and Computer Science Micronic Košice Slovakia Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada IEEE Circuits and Systems IEEE Consumer Electronics IEEE Signal Processing Societies IEEE Signal Processing Society Communications Society

This paper presents an efficient video filtering scheme and its implementation in a field-programmable logic device (FPLD). Since the proposed nonlinear, spatiotemporal filtering scheme is based on order statistics, its efficient implementation benefits from a bit-serial realization. The utilization of both the spatial and temporal correlation characteristics of the processed video significantly increases the computational demands on this solution, and thus, implementation becomes a significant challenge. Simulation studies reported in this paper indicate that the proposed pipelined bit-serial FPLD filtering solution can achieve speeds of up to 97.6 Mpixels/s and consumes 1700 to 2700 logic cells for the speed-optimized and area-optimized versions, respectively. Thus, the filter area represents only 6.6 to 10.5% of the Altera STRATIX EP1S25 device available on the Altera Stratix DSP evaluation board, which has been used to implement a prototype of the entire real-time vision system. As such, the proposed adaptive video filtering scheme is both practical and attractive for real-time machine vision and surveillance systems as well as conventional video and multimedia applications.

关键词： computer vision

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Effective memory reduction scheme used for reference frames in H.264/AVC video codec

Effective memory reduction scheme used for reference frames ...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Chih-Chang Chen Sheng-Shiung Chen O.T.C. Chen Chien-Fa Chen Fang-Chu Chen Department of Electrical Engineering Signal and Media Laboratories National Chung Cheng University Taiwan Digital Signal Processing Tech. Department of Computer & Communications Research Laboratory Industrial Technology and Research Institute Taiwan

In the H.264/AVC video codec, multiple reference frames are applied for motion estimation to provide good coding efficiency. However, multiple reference frames also require more memory cost than one reference frame used in a video codec. To minimize the amount of memory requirement, this work proposes to add a decision unit in the H.264/AVC codec to store these reference frames. The said decision unit would look closely at macroblock (MB) of the currently decoded frame to determine it's storage type to be compressed or reconstructed data, according to the encoding parameters of subblocks in this MB. Furthermore, an adaptive scheme is proposed to store the currently decoded frame as reconstructed picture for lowering the computational complexity and using the buffer in full. Experimental results reveal that the proposed memory reduction scheme requires lower complexity and better picture quality than the conventional work. Therefore, the proposed memory reduction scheme can be widely used in various applications of the H.264/AVC codec to minimize the memory requirement.

关键词： Automatic voltage control Video codecs Decoding Buffer storage Motion estimation Costs Computational complexity Videoconference Video compression Encoding

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A computer-aided system for mass detection and classification in digitized mammograms

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Biomedical engineering - Applications, Basis and Communications 2005年第5期17卷 215-228页

作者： Yang, Sheng-Chih Wang, Chuin-Mu Chung, Yi-Nung Hsu, Giu-Cheng Lee, San-Kan Chung, Pau-Choo Chang, Chein-I. Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin Yi Institute of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Da-Yeh University Chunghua Taiwan Department of Radiology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Administrative Office Suao Veterans Hospital Yilan Taiwan Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore MD United States

This paper presents a computer-assisted diagnostic system for mass detection and classification, which performs mass detection on regions of interest followed by the benign-malignant classification on detected masses. In order for mass detection to be effective, a sequence of preprocessing steps are designed to enhance the intensity of a region of interest, remove the noise effects and locate suspicious masses using five texture features generated from the spatial gray level difference matrix (SGLDM) and fractal dimension. Finally, a probabilistic neural network (PNN) coupled with entropic thresholding techniques is developed for mass extraction. Since the shapes of masses are crucial in classification between benignancy and malignancy, four shape features are further generated and joined with the five features previously used in mass detection to be implemented in another PNN for mass classification. To evaluate our designed system a data set collected in the Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C. was used for performance evaluation. The results are encouraging and have shown promise of our system.

关键词： computer aided analysis

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Stability Analysis of a Multivariable Fuzzy Controller

Stability Analysis of a Multivariable Fuzzy Controller

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control (ISIC)

作者： G. Bitsoris J. Aguilar-Martin A. Acevez M. Vassilaki N. Miliou Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Patras Patras Greece LAAS-CNRS Toulouse France Technologico de Monterrey Mexico ASPETE School of Pedagogical and Technological Education Heraklion Athens Greece ETH Signal and Information Processing Laboratory Zurich Switzerland

In this paper a method for the design of fuzzy controllers that overcome the problems of lack of guaranteed stability and of computational explosion is developed. The proposed fuzzy controller takes into account the technological constraints on the input and output variables and can be easily designed even for multivariable systems. In the first part of the paper, a new fuzzy controller, named natural logic controller, is presented. Then the stability properties of systems controlled by this type of controller are studied. Based on the results of this analysis a systematic approach to the design of multivariable constrained fuzzy control systems with guaranteed stability is developed

关键词： Stability analysis Fuzzy control Control systems Design methodology Fuzzy logic Explosions Fuzzy systems Fuzzy sets Laboratories Educational technology

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Learning distributed grasp in presence of redundant agents

Learning distributed grasp in presence of redundant agents

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IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： A.H. Elahibakhsh M. Nili Ahmadabadi F. Janabi-Sharifi B. Nadjar Araabi AI & Robotics Laboratory Center of Excellence for Control and Intelligent Processing Department of Electrical and Computer Eng. Institute for Studies on Theoretical Physics and Mathematics University of Tehran Tehran Iran Robotics and Manufacturing Automation Lab Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University Toronto ONT Canada

Learning distributed object grasp by a group of robots with redundant members is the main focus of this paper. In Elahibakhsh, A. H., et al. (2004), we tackled the problem of learning form closure grasp for planar convex objects by multiple non-communicating robots without any information about the shape of objects. In this paper, the problem in presence of redundant agents is investigated. Agents' states and actions are designed such that the group learns grasping different objects using Q-learning method. As the environment is not intelligent enough to assess each agent's effect on the team performance, a credit assignment algorithm based on knowledge evaluation is designed. The proposed method considers the environment credit for the team, number of redundant agents, and the expertness level of each agent in its credit assignment. Applicability of the designed approach is verified through a set of simulations. It is shown that the team learns grasping different objects. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed method can be extended for distributed grasp of deformable objects

关键词： Intelligent robots Learning Robot sensing systems Shape Cognitive robotics Robotics and automation Intelligent agent Algorithm design and analysis Grasping Redundancy

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Journal of Information Science and engineering: Editorial notice

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Journal of Information Science and engineering 2005年第5期21卷 i-ii页

作者： Lee, Der-Tsai Amato, Nancy M. Chang, Shih-Fu Chen, Homer H. Chen, Tsuhan Hsu, Tsan-Sheng Hwang, Jenq-Neng Kuo, Sy-Yen Kuo, Tei-Wei Li, Chung-Sheng Tokuyama, Takeshi Wing, Jeannette Wu, Tzong-Chen Yen, John Computer Science at Texas A and M University United States Parasol Laboratory United States IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems Computing Research Association's Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research CRA-W's Distributed Mentor Program United States Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University United States Lab. United States College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University Taiwan IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology IEEE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States ACM ACM SIGACT IEEE Computer Society IICM Austria Research and Development of the Department Multimedia Signal Processing Technical Committee IEEE Signal Processing Society United States IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan IEEE Technical Committee on Real-Time Systems Computer Science Division IBM T.J. Watson Research Center United States IBM Research Division Graduate School of Information Sciences Tohoku University Japan ACM IPSJ Mathematical Society of Japan Japan Department of Computer Science Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University United States National Academies of Science's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board United States Microsoft's Trustworthy Academic Advisory Board Intel Research Pittsburgh's Advisory Board United States Dartmouth's Institute for Security Technology Studies Advisory Committee Canada Sloan Research Fellowships Program Committee United States ACM Taiwan China Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University United States Laboratory for Intelligent Agents Penn State's School of Info

No abstract available

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Reliability of individual differences in lipreading

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2005年第S1期82卷 S24-S24页

作者： Marilyn E. Demorest Lynne E. Bernstein Silvio P. Eberhardt Department of Psychology University of Maryland Baltimore County Catonsville MD 21228 Speech Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218

Evaluation of the benefits of sensory aids requires stimulus materials whose psychometric characteristics are known. Generalizability theory was applied to data from two experiments to estimate measurement error arising from different materials, different talkers, and practice. Stimulus materials consisted of CID sentences and CV nonsense syllables produced by a male and a female talker and stored on video laserdisk. In experiment I, 104 normal‐hearing subjects lipread the CID sentences in a single test session. Results indicate that there are substantial individual differences in lipreading performance among subjects, but that there are also systematic differences among sentences and among talkers that must be taken into account in interpreting test performance. In experiment II, 15 normal‐hearing subjects who participated in an intensive training protocol involving vibrotactile supplements to lipreading were given pre‐ and posttests on the CID sentences and on the CV syllables. Individual differences in performance on sentences were highly stable over the training period, suggesting relatively uniform improvements due to training. Reliability over time was lower for the CV syllables and correlations between the CV and sentence materials were weak both at the pretest and posttest. [Work supported by NIH.]

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