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2003 IEEE Workshop on Advances in Techniques for Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data

作者： Chang, Chein-I. Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle BaltimoreMD21250 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780383508

Hyperspectral imagery offers a means of uncovering enormous spectral information that can be used for various applications in data exploitation. How effectively such information is used affects the way image analysis algorithms are designed. In this paper, we take up this issue and focus on algorithms designed and developed for target detection and classification in hyperspectral imagery. In order to effectively characterize the information available before and after the data are processed, the a priori information and a posteriori information are used in accordance with how the information is obtained. A piece of information is referred to as a priori information if it is provided by known knowledge before data are processed. On the other hand, a piece of information is referred to as a posteriori information if it is unknown a priori, but can be obtained directly from the data in an unsupervised fashion during the course of data processing. Since a priori information is known beforehand, it can be further decomposed into two types of information, desired and undesired a priori information. The desired a priori information is the knowledge that will assist, improve and enhance data analysis, whereas the undesired a priori information is the knowledge that hinders, interferes or destructs analysis during data processing. This paper investigates how these three types of information play their roles in design and development of several hyperspectral target detection and classification algorithms. Experiments are also conducted to validate their utility. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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Discrimination and identification for subpixel targets in hyperspectral imagery

Discrimination and identification for subpixel targets in hy...

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2004 International Conference on Image processing, ICIP 2004

作者： Chang, Chein-I. Liu, Weimin Chang, Chein-Chi Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250

Spectral measures have been used in material identification and discrimination. They are effective if the spectral signatures are calibrated and not contaminated. However, it may not be true in many real applications, specifically, for mixed pixels and subpixel targets. This paper investigates the issue of discrimination and identification for subpixel targets and further develops sample spectral covariance/correlation matrix-based hyperspectral measures to account for spectral variability within subpixel targets. Two types of measures are of interest and studied, Mahalanobis distance-based hyperspectral measures and matched filter-based hyperspectral measures. In order to substantiate the proposed measures, a real data-based comparative analysis is conducted and compared to two spectral similarity measures, spectral angle mapper (SAM) and spectral information divergence (SID) for performance evaluation. The experiments show that both Mahalanobis distance-based hyperspectral measures and matched filter-based hyperspectral measures work very effectively and outperformed the SAM and the SID in discrimination and identification for subpixel targets. ©2004 IEEE.

关键词： Imaging techniques

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An ontology framework for knowledge-assisted semantic video analysis and annotation

An ontology framework for knowledge-assisted semantic video ...

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4th International Workshop on Knowledge Markup and Semantic Annotation, SemAnnot 2004 - Located at the 3rd International Semantic Web Conference, ISWC 2004

作者： Dasiopoulou, S. Papastathis, V.K. Mezaris, V. Kompatsiaris, I. Strintzis, M.G. Information Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki 54124 Greece 1st Km Thermi-Panorama Rd. Thessaloniki 57001 Greece

An approach for knowledge assisted semantic analysis and annotation of video content, based on an ontology infrastructure is presented. Semantic concepts in the context of the examined domain are defined in an ontology, enriched with qualitative attributes of the semantic objects (e.g. color homogeneity), multimedia processing methods (color clustering, respectively), and numerical data or low-level features generated via training (e.g. color models, also defined in the ontology). Semantic Web technologies are used for knowledge representation in RDF/RDFS language. Rules in F-logic are defined to describe how tools for multimedia analysis should be applied according to different object attributes and low-level features, aiming at the detection of video objects corresponding to the semantic concepts defined in the ontology. This supports flexible and managed execution of various application and domain independent multimedia analysis tasks. This ontology-based approach provides the means of generating semantic metadata and as a consequence Semantic Web services and applications have a greater chance of discovering and exploiting the information and knowledge in multimedia data. The proposed approach is demonstrated in the Formula One and Football domains and shows promising results.

关键词： Knowledge representation

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Using hybrid selection schemes to support QoS when providing multihop wireless Internet access to mobile ad hoc networks

Using hybrid selection schemes to support QoS when providing...

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International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks (QSHINE)

作者： H. Ammari H. El-Rewini Mobile Computing and Parallel Processing Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Department Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA

The quality of service (QoS) of wireless Internet access that could be provided to multihop wireless networks, so-called mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is highly dependent on the quality of the design of the intermediate facility that will integrate MANET and the Internet. This facility is equipped with a hybrid mechanism being able to fulfill the working requirements of MANET and the Internet so that it can connect to either one of these orthogonal network architectures. The architecture that we propose in order to provide MANET nodes with Internet access utilizes fixed gateways (or access points) and exploits the mobility capability of additional mobile ones. Since Internet access to MANET nodes is provided through mobile gateways, the quality of such service depends on the selection procedure used by MANET nodes to choose the most convenient mobile gateways and register with. In this paper, we suggest to use a hybrid criterion based on the weighted sum of the Euclidean distance between MANET nodes and mobile gateways, and the load of mobile gateways, defined as the number of MANET nodes currently registered with them. Moreover, the sum of the weights is normalized to one, where each weight measures the level of interest of the corresponding criterion in the hybrid one. Simulation results show that the hybrid criterion has an impact on the quality of wireless Internet access service depending on the level of interest assigned to each of the Euclidean distance and load criteria in the weighted sum.

关键词： Spread spectrum communication IP networks Mobile ad hoc networks Quality of service Web and internet services Routing protocols Euclidean distance Access protocols Mobile computing computer networks

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Integration of mobile ad hoc networks and the Internet using mobile gateways

Integration of mobile ad hoc networks and the Internet using...

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International Symposium on parallel and Distributed processing (IPDPS)

作者： H. Ammari H. El-Rewini Mobile Computing and Parallel Processing Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Department School of Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA Mobile Computing and Parallel Processing Lab Computer Science and Engineering Department School of Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA

Summary form only given. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and the Internet exhibit differences in their network architecture. These differences concern the various sorts of assumptions imposed not only on the structure and topology of the underlying networks, but also on communication patterns of mobile nodes in both networks. Integrating MANET and the Internet into a hybrid network is a challenging problem due to these differences. We propose a three-layer approach that uses both mobile IP and dynamic destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) to integrate these two types of networks into a hybrid environment, in order to provide MANET nodes with Internet connectivity and access to the Internet resources. Our approach is based on the use of mobile gateways as an interface between MANET and the Internet. These mobile gateways can use mobile IP when they communicate with the Internet and DSDV when they interact with MANET. We also show the results of several simulation experiments that were conducted to study the integrated environment.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks IP networks Internet Mobile computing computer networks Mobile communication Routing protocols Concurrent computing parallel processing computer science

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A multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks using location information

A multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks using locati...

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Workshop on Applications and Services in Wireless Networks, ASWN

作者： H. Ammari H. El-Rewini Mobile Computing and Parallel Processing Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Department School of Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA

Multicasting is a one-to-many process by wbich a node can send the same packet to a subset of nodes, called multicast group, which have already registered to the same multicast group address. The goal of this paper is to propose a multicast algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks using location information, where a multicast group is definro with respect to a specific network space area, called millticost domain. A mohile ad hoc network (MANET) is a set of nodes that agrero upon fonning a spontaneous, temporar y network so that they can communicate over wireless Iinks despite the lack of any centraIized administration and any fonn or infrastructure. The proposed algorithm benefits from the location-oriented service offered by a glohal positioning system (GPS), which provides MANET nodes (or nodes for short) with their location information when needed. Moreover, the protocol makes use of the Vorono; diagram properties in order to multicast a packet in a selective manner towards its target multicast dOmain, where ouly a small subset of nodes is involved in the forwarding process. These nodes, called authorized forwarders, are identified from the *** Voronoi graph that a multicast source node or an authorized forwarder constructs based on the location infonnation of its neighborhood as well as the target multicast domain. The analysis bas shown that fhe protocol helps minimize the transmission overhead, which would be caused during the forwarding of a multicast packet, while guaranteeing convergence and correctness. Compared to other existing location-based multicast protocols, the proposed one yields more reduction of transmission overhead and perfonns correctly even with particular MANET topologies. Keywords - Multicasting, mobile ad hoc networks, locationbased service, Voronoi diagmms, global positioning system.

关键词： Multicast protocols Mobile ad hoc networks Routing protocols Multicast algorithms Network topology Mobile computing computer networks Concurrent computing parallel processing Laboratories

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Arches: an infrastructure for PSE development

Arches: an infrastructure for PSE development

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International Workshop on High-Level parallel Programming Models and Supportive Environments

作者： N. DeBardeleben W.B. Ligon R. Sass Parallel Architecture Research Laboratory Holcombe Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

In this paper, we describe Arches, an object-oriented framework for building domain-specific PSEs. The framework was designed to support a wide range of problem domains and to be extendable in a way that allows it to target very different high-performance computing models. To demonstrate this flexibility we describe two PSEs that have been developed from the same framework yet solve different problems and target very different computing platforms. The Coven PSE supports parallel applications that need the large-scale parallelism that is found in cost-effective Beowulf clusters. In contrast, the RCADE PSE targets reconfigurable computing (FPGA-based) platforms with fine-grain parallelism. RCADE was designed to aid NASA Earth scientists interested in studying satellite instrument data and who are unlikely to be schooled in low-level hardware design.

关键词： parallel processing Buildings Object oriented modeling Large-scale systems Concurrent computing NASA Earth Satellites Instruments Educational institutions

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Heart rate variability analysis of effect of nicotine using lomb- welch periodograms

Heart rate variability analysis of effect of nicotine using ...

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Conference Proceedings - 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2004

作者： Thong, Tran Yung, Iris O. Zajdel, Daniel P. Ellingson, Roger M. McNames, James Aboy, Mateo Oken, Barry S. Department of Biomedical Engineering Oregon Health and Science University Beaverton OR School of Medicine Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR Department of Neurology Oregon Health and Science University Portland OR Biomed. Signal Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR

Heart rate variability (HRV) is frequently used to measure autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying pharmacologically induced changes in HRV. Previous research has shown that nicotine exposure stimulates the ANS, mediating a wide spectrum of physiological and behavioral effects, including altered respiratory sinus arrhythmia and enhanced arousal and attention. Using Lomb-Welch periodograms, the effect of nicotine on the ANS in 14 nicotinenaive human subjects are studied. Results showed an increase in the low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) ratio with little change in mean heart rate. Results suggest that nicotine affects both sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivities and that the LF/HF best characterizes early ANS activated nicotine changes in HRV. The Lomb-Welch periodogram of the HRV is also compared to the conventional interpolated Welch periodogram. The attenuation of the high frequency components due to interpolation of the non-uniform R-R intervals is found to be a function of the power of the high frequency components, increasing with increasing power. Thus analyses using Welch periodograms that make use of the high frequency components may yield erroneous results.

关键词： Biomedical engineering

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On design of cluster and grid computing environment toolkit for bioinformatics applications

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2004年 3326卷 82-87页

作者： Yang, Chao-Tung Kuo, Yu-Lun Li, Kuan-Ching Gaudiot, Jean-Luc High Performance Computing Laboratory Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering Tunghai University Taichung 40744 Taiwan Parallel and Distributed Processing Center Dept. of Computer Science and Information Management Providence University Taichung 43301 Taiwan Parallel and Scalable Computer Architecture Laboratory Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California - Irvine Irvine CA 92697 United States

In this paper, we present BioGrid, a novel computing resource that combines advantages of grid computing technology with bioinformatics parallel applications. The grid environment permits the sharing of a large amount of idle computing resources and data. The investigation of bioinformatics demands orders of magnitude of computing resources and in parallel, the biological data are growing in such a high speed. By using BioGrid, we plan to integrate and share resources and biological data using the grid computing technology. Still in this paper, the well-known FASTA application is performed as matter of testing and analysis in our grid computing platform, as goal to show the improved efficiency and reduced computation time. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Bioinformatics

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On extended finite element method (XFEM) for modelling of organ deformations associated with surgical cuts

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International Symposium on Medical Simulation, ISMS 2004

作者： Vigneron, Lara M. Verly, Jacques G. Warfield, Simon K. Signal Processing Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Liège Belgium Surgical Planning Laboratory Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540221867

The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is a technique used in fracture mechanics to predict how objects deform as cracks form and propagate through them. Here, we propose the use of XFEM to model the deformations resulting from cutting through organ tissues. We show that XFEM has the potential for being the technique of choice for modelling tissue retraction and resection during surgery. Candidates applications are surgical simulators and image-guided surgery. A key feature of XFEM is that material discontinuities through FEM meshes can be handled without mesh adaptation or remeshing, as would be required in regular FEM. As a preliminary illustration, we show the result of XFEM calculation for a simple 2D shape in which a linear cut was made. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Finite element method

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