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Sequential and parallel Meta-Heuristics for Solving the Single Row Routing Problem

Cluster Computing 2004年第2期7卷 123-139页

作者： Zomaya, Albert Y. Patterson, Daniel Olariu, Stephan School of Information Technologies The University of Sydney Sydney Australia Parallel Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Western Australia Australia Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University Norfolk USA

The design of multi-layer printed circuit boards is vital in the construction of complex electronic systems. Wire routing is a crucial step in the overall design process, which can be decomposed into a number of single row routing (SRR) problems. This paper proposes an approach to solve the SRR problem based on parallel meta-heuristics. The development of this technique involves the design of an encoding strategy that allows all possible routings to be uniquely represented and the derivation of cost functions that maximizes the quality of the developed solutions. Further, parallelization of the proposed approach is attempted to improve the computational efficiency. The different stages of the development are backed by experiments to show the pros and cons of the sequential and parallel implementations.

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Real-time vision-based approach for probe tracking in operating room

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International Congress Series 2004年 1268卷 467-472页

作者： Aly A. Farag M.Sabry Hassouna Ayman El-Baz S. Hushek Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville 403 Lutz Hall Bldg. Louisville KY 40292 USA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Louisville USA

A hand-held surgical probe is an essential component of any image-guided neurosurgery (IGNS). During the surgical procedure, the IGNS tracks the probe position and displays the anatomy beneath it as three orthogonal image slices on a workstation-based 3D imaging system. Existing IGNS systems use different tracking techniques including mechanical, optical, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic systems. In this paper, we present a new computational vision-based probe tracking technique, which provides both position and orientation. We also propose another new computational vision-based technique to track the patient head and thus compensate for its movement during probing procedure. The proposed system is completely passive, its stereo cameras detect the presence of the probe using available visible light, and reports on their exact location and orientation in patient physical space in real time. We have validated the system using a skull phantom and a hand made probe.

关键词： Image-guided neurosurgery Head motion tracking Probe tracking Vision tracking

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New texture shape feature coding-based computer aided diagnostic methods for classification of masses on mammograms

New texture shape feature coding-based computer aided diagno...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Y. Chen C.-I. Chang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA

This work presents new texture shape feature coding (TSFC)-based computer aided diagnostic (CAD) classification methods for classification of masses on mammograms. It introduces a new concept of 1.5-order 3-neighbor 3/spl times/3 connectivity to extract texture shape features that can describe multiples of 22.5/spl deg/. In order to effectively utilize these shape features, two new methods of implementing TFSC are further proposed to convert these features to texture feature numbers (TFNs), TFNs in quaternary (TFNq) which expresses a TFN in quaternary expansion and TFNs in product (TFNx ) that represents a TFN in terms of a product. Both TFNq and TFNx can then produce texture shape histograms in the same way that a gray-level histogram is generated for an image. Such a texture shape histogram is further used to generate various shape features of masses on mammograms for classification. In order to demonstrate the promise of our TSFC-based CAD methods, the MiniMammographic database provided by the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) is used for experiments.

关键词： Shape Feature extraction Histograms Image coding Character recognition Remote sensing Signal processing Image processing Laboratories computer science

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Enhancement of stents using interference of low-frequency ultrasonic echo signals

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Journal of Medical Ultrasonics 2004年第2期31卷 67-73页

作者： Ohashi, Gosuke Ohya, Akihisa Tobise, Kazimobu Akiyama, Iwaki Faculty of Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Institute of Information Sciences and Electronics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Shoryo Electronic Corporation Kamakura Japan Faculty of Engineering Shonan Institute of Technology Fujisawa Japan Image Processing and Vision Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106-9560 United States

Purpose. We set out to enhance the imaging of stents used for coronary coarctation surgery without imaging the reticulation of the stent. Because the stent is a reticulated structure, there is a relation between ultrasound wavelength and the interstice reticulation that produces the echo. Methods. First we performed computer simulation by ultrasound frequency of transmitted signals to analyze this relation. Then, instead of controlling the transmitted wave, we processed the returned signals through a band-pass filter because of the difficulty of controlling the transmitted waves of diagnostic ultrasound equipment. Following this, we conducted experiments on an agar gel phantom containing a stent to verify the effectiveness of this method. Results. The simulation confirmed that the stent was apparent when the ultrasonic wavelength equaled the product of an integer and twice the interval of the reticulation of the stent. Application of a band-pass filter of 0.8 to 1.5MHz to the waveform returned from the agar gel phantom containing the stent. Conclusions. The effectiveness of this method in depicting the stent was confirmed. © The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine 2004.

关键词： Interference Received waveform Signal processing Stent Ultrasonic echography

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A knowledge-based approach to domain-specific compressed video analysis

A knowledge-based approach to domain-specific compressed vid...

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IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： V. Mezaris L. Kompatsiaris M.G. Strintzis Informatics and Telematics Institute Thessaloniki Greece Information Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

A novel approach to domain-specific video analysis is proposed. The proposed approach is based on exploiting domain-specific knowledge in the form of an ontology to detect video objects corresponding to the semantic concepts defined in the ontology. The association between the visual objects and the defined semantic concepts is performed by taking into account both qualitative attributes of the semantic objects (e.g., color homogeneity), indicating necessary preprocessing methods (color clustering, respectively), and numerical data generated via training (e.g., color models, also defined in the ontology). To enable fast and efficient processing, this methodology is applied to MPEG-2 video, requiring only its partial decoding. The proposed approach is demonstrated in the domain of Formula-1 racing video and shows promising results.

关键词： Video compression Ontologies Object detection Data mining Information analysis Transform coding MPEG 7 Standard Standards development Information processing Laboratories

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Plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition of diamond and applications: from large-grain polycrystalline diamond to nanocrystalline diamond

Plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition of diamond and app...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)

作者： Yonhua Tzeng Plasma Processing Laboratory Alabama Microelectronics Science and Technology Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aubum University Auburn AL USA

Summary form only given. Growth of diamond with extreme physical and chemical properties can be achieved in electrical discharges under properly controlled plasma chemistry at temperatures and pressures where graphite, instead of diamond, is thermodynamically stable. This discovery led us to wide open opportunities for applying the extreme hardness, thermal conductivity, optical and microwave transparency, chemical inertness, wear resistance, coefficient of thermal expansion, dielectric strength, carrier saturation velocities, and many other interesting properties of diamond crystals and coatings to industrial and scientific applications. Plasma density, plasma chemistry, as well as physical processes in plasmas such as ion bombardment of substrates and/or the growing diamond surfaces all play important roles in the nucleation and the growth of diamond on various substrates. Plasmas generated in gaseous mixtures such as methane and hydrogen with controlled dilution by argon as well as plasmas generated in vapor mixtures formed from properly mixed liquid solutions alone have been developed and optimized for the nucleation and growth of diamond of selected crystal orientations, grain sizes, and doping levels. A systematic experimental project has also been conducted to explore diamond nucleation and growth by plasmas generated in gas mixtures of methane and hydrogen that are highly diluted by more than 90% argon. Growth of well-faceted microcrystalline diamond films with preferred (100) or (111) crystal orientation as well as nanocrystalline diamond films could be tailored by controlling plasma parameters such as microwave power density, gas pressures and compositions, and substrate temperatures.

关键词： Plasma applications Plasma chemistry Chemical vapor deposition Plasma density Plasma properties Plasma temperature Thermal conductivity Thermal resistance Grain size Ultraviolet sources

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3D model search and retrieval based on the spherical trace transform

3D model search and retrieval based on the spherical trace t...

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IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal processing

作者： P. Daras D. Zarpalas D. Tzovaras M.G. Strintzis Information Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Informatics and Telematics Institute Thessaloniki Greece

ISBN: (纸本)0780385780

This paper presents a novel approach in 3D content-based search and retrieval. First, a set of functional are applied on a 3D model's volume producing a new domain of concentric spheres. In this new domain a new set of functionals is applied, resulting to a completely rotation invariant descriptor vector, which is used for 3D model matching. Experiments were performed using a database and comparing the proposed method with the MPEG-7 3D shape spectrum descriptor. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior in terms of precision versus recall and can be used for 3D model search and retrieval in a highly efficient manner.

关键词： Shape Content based retrieval MPEG 7 Standard Principal component analysis Laboratories Telematics Databases Clustering algorithms Data mining

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Growth and patterning of aligned carbon nanotubes for applications to cold cathodes and vacuum electronics

Growth and patterning of aligned carbon nanotubes for applic...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)

作者： Yonhua Tzeng Chao Liu Yu-Chun Chen Plasma Processing Laboratory Alabama Microelectronics Science and Technology Centel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aubum University Auburn AL USA

Summary form only given. The extremely large aspect ratio and sharp tips of carbon nanotubes made them among the most promising nanostructures for low-voltage and low-field cold cathode applications. The physically and chemically stable, highly thermally and electrically conductive carbon nanotubes allow very high density of electron current to be emitted without damages to the carbon nanotubes. By properly designing and growing carbon nanotubes and integrating them with 2-D and/or 3-D structures, high performance cold cathodes can be fabricated and applied to various vacuum electronics and vacuum power transferring applications. Well aligned carbon nanotubes have been grown using thermal chemical vapour deposition techniques and patterned into micro-structures by means of photolithographic techniques that are commonly used for silicon integrated circuit fabrication. Electron field emission at an average applied electric field of one volt per micrometer has been achieved. High current density cold cathodes fabricated on micro-patterned substrates as well as 3-D structures were investigated. In this presentation, the growth process, properties of carbon nanotubes, and their applications as cold cathodes for vacuum electronics is discussed.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Cathodes Carbon dioxide Application software Electron emission Geometry Blades Vacuum technology Chaos Plasma applications

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3D model watermarking for indexing using the generalized Radon transform

3D model watermarking for indexing using the generalized Rad...

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International Symposium on 3D Data processing Visualization and Transmission

The present paper proposes a novel method for 3D-model watermarking for indexing. The proposed approach is based on the use of a generalized Radon transformation. More specifically, the cylindrical integration transform (CIT) is initially applied to the 3D models in order to produce descriptor vectors. At the same time a watermarking technique, based on CIT is used in order to embed a specific model identifier in the nodes of the 3D model. This identifier links the model to its descriptor vector, which is extracted only once and stored in a database. Every time this model is employed as a query model, watermark detection is used so as to retrieve the corresponding identifier and further the descriptor vector, which can be further used in a matching algorithm. The proposed techniques are evaluated experimentally in terms of both watermarking efficiency and content-based retrieval performance.

关键词： Watermarking Indexing Content based retrieval Robustness Deformable models Multimedia databases Application software Humans Shape Information processing

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Shape matching using the 3D Radon transform

Shape matching using the 3D Radon transform

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International Symposium on 3D Data processing Visualization and Transmission

A method for 3D model content-based search and retrieval based on the 3D Radon transform and a querying-by-3D-model approach, is presented. Descriptors are extracted using the 3D Radon transform and applying a set of functionals on the transform coefficients. Similarity measures are then created for the extracted descriptors and introduced into a 3D model-matching algorithm. This results to a very fast and accurate matching method. Experiments were performed using two different databases and comparing the proposed method with others. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be used for 3D model search and retrieval in a highly efficient manner.

关键词： Shape measurement Solid modeling Data mining Histograms Volume measurement Information processing Laboratories Informatics Telematics Information retrieval

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