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Minmax optimal shape coding using skeleton decomposition

Minmax optimal shape coding using skeleton decomposition

引用

IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Haohong Wang G.M. Schuster A.K. Katsaggelos Image and Video Processing Laboratory (IVPL) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

In this paper, we consider the rate-distortion optimal encoding of shape information using a skeleton decomposition and the minimum maximum (minmax) distortion criterion. For bit budget constrained video communication applications, whose goal is to achieve as low as possible but almost constant distortion, the minmax criterion is the natural choice. We propose a 4D DAG (directed acyclic graph) shortest path algorithm implemented by dynamic programming to solve the minimum rate problem, and also provide a solution for the dual minimum distortion problem. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm has an outstanding performance compared with existing methods.

关键词： Minimax techniques Skeleton Rate-distortion Dynamic programming Encoding Distortion measurement MPEG 4 Standard Shape control Shape measurement Image coding

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An investigation into subspace rapid speaker adaptation for verification

An investigation into subspace rapid speaker adaptation for ...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： S. Lucey Tsuhan Chen Advanced Multimedia Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

Rapid speaker adaptation is becoming more important in emerging applications where storage, computation and training utterances are at a premium (e.g. PDAs, cell phones). Effective adaptation can be achieved for the task of speaker verification, based on a maximum a posteriori (MAP) learning framework, by restricting the client's parametric model to be a linear combination of parameters estimated from training observations and a speaker independent "world" model (i.e. relevance adaptation (RA)). Subspace adaptation (SA) attempts to restrict a client's parametric representation to a pre-defined subspace during estimation. In this paper we elucidate where subspace adaptation outperforms world adaptation, demonstrate where and why subspace adaptation is sometimes not as effective and give insights into what cost criteria should be used to construct the adaptation parametric subspace. Results are presented on the acoustic portion of the XM2VTS database for the task of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based text-independent speaker verification.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Personal digital assistants Parametric statistics Loudspeakers Cellular phones Adaptation model Costs Mobile computing Robustness Speech

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Wavelet based estimation of the fractal dimension in fBm images

Wavelet based estimation of the fractal dimension in fBm ima...

引用

International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： C. Parra K. Iftekharuddin D. Rendon Intelligent Systems and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Memphis Memphis TN USA

Fractional Brownian Motion (fBm) has been successfully exploited to model an important number of physical phenomena and non-stationary processes such as medical images. These mathematical models closely describe essential properties of natural phenomena, such as self-similarity, scale invariance and fractal dimension (FD). The use of wavelet analysis combined with fBm analysis may provide an interesting approach to compute key values for fBm processes, such as the fractal dimension FD. We propose two models to calculate the Hurst Coefficient H (and hence FD) for both one-dimensional and two-dimensional signals. The first approach is based on statistical properties of the signals, while the second one is based on their spectral characteristics. A formal extension of these two models to 2D processes is developed and implemented, and a comparison of both is presented. The proposed algorithms are tested using tomographic brain tumor data. Our simulation experiments offer promising results in the identification of such lesions.

关键词： Fractals Signal analysis Brownian motion Biomedical imaging Mathematical model Wavelet analysis Signal processing Testing Tomography Neoplasms

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Operational rate-distortion optimal bit allocation between shape and texture for MPEG-4 video coding

Operational rate-distortion optimal bit allocation between s...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Haohong Wang G.M. Schuster A.K. Katsaggelos Image and Video Processing Laboratory (IWL) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

MPEG-4 is the first multimedia standard that supports the decoupling of a video object into object shape and object texture information, which consequently brings up the optimal encoding problem for object-based video. In this paper, we present an operational rate-distortion optimal bit allocation scheme between shape and texture for MPEG-4 encoding. Our approach is based on the Lagrange multiplier method, while the adoption of dynamic programming techniques enables its higher efficiency over the exhaustive search algorithm. Our work will not only benefit the further study of joint shape and texture encoding, but also make possible the deeper study of optimal joint source-channel coding of object-based video.

关键词： Rate-distortion Bit rate MPEG 4 Standard Video coding Encoding Chromium Shape control Lagrangian functions Dynamic programming Application software

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Object-based video compression scheme with optimal bit allocation among shape, motion and texture

Object-based video compression scheme with optimal bit alloc...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： Haohong Wang G.M. Schuster A.K. Katsaggelos Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Image and Video Processing Laboratory (IVPL) Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

In object-based video, the encoding of the video data is decoupled into the encoding of shape, motion and texture information, which enables certain functionalities like content-based interactivity and scalability. However, the problem of how to jointly encode these separate signals to reach the best coding efficiency has never been solved thoroughly. In this paper, we present an operational rate-distortion optimal bit allocation scheme that provides a solution to this problem. Our approach is based on the Lagrangian relaxation and dynamic programming. Experimental results indicate that the proposed optimal encoding approach has considerable gains over an ad-hoc method without optimization. Furthermore the proposed algorithm is much more efficient than exhaustive search.

关键词： Video compression Bit rate Shape Encoding Video coding MPEG 4 Standard Image coding Scalability Lagrangian functions Dynamic programming

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An Automated Method for Neuronal Spike Source Identification

An Automated Method for Neuronal Spike Source Identification

引用

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2003

作者： Santiago, Roberto A. McNames, James Burchiel, Kim Lendaris, George G. NW Compl. Intelligence Laboratory System Science Portland State University Portland OR United States Biomed. Signal Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR United States Department of Neurological Surgery Oregon Health Sciences University Portland OR United States

Analysis of microelectrode recordings (MER) of extracellular neuronal activity has gained increasing interest due to potential improvements to surgical techniques involving ablation or placement of deep brain stimulators, as is common in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Critical to these procedures is the identification of different brain structures such as the globus pallidus internus (GPI). Evidence suggests that the spike trains from individual neurons contain enough information to identify the brain structure in which they are located. For the work reported here, spike train data gathered during surgical procedure from multiple patients is used. Using a moving window sampling approach, a novel feature extraction method for spike trains was developed. This method is then used in combination with a support vector classification algorithm. Results strongly indicate that the sampling methods reported here are able to extract the necessary information for highly accurate spike source identification.

关键词： Neurosurgery

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A novel transcoding algorithm for AMR and EVRC speech codecs via direct parameter transformation

A novel transcoding algorithm for AMR and EVRC speech codecs...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Sunil Lee Seongho Seo Dalwon Jang C.D. Yoo Multimedia Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea

A novel transcoding algorithm for the adaptive multi rate (AMR) codec and the enhanced variable rate codec (EVRC) is proposed. In contrast to the conventional tandem transcoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm transcodes the parameters of one codec to the other without synthesizing the speech. The proposed algorithm decodes the parameters of source codec from the input bitstream, and based on frame classification and mode decision, it appropriately transforms the parameters of source codec to those of the target codec in the parametric domain. Finally, the transformed parameters are encoded into a bitstream that is decodable by the target codec. The parameters transcoded by the proposed algorithm are line-spectral pair (LSP), pitch delay, fixed codevector, codebook gains, and frame energy. Evaluation results show that while reducing both the computational complexity and delay by 50%, the proposed algorithm produces speech quality equivalent to that of produced by the tandem transcoding algorithm. The general idea is not restricted to the AMR and EVRC but is applicable to various other code-excited linear prediction (CELP) based codecs.

关键词： Transcoding Speech codecs Decoding Delay Speech synthesis Speech coding Encoding computer science Computational complexity Speech analysis

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CMOS transconductor design for VHF filtering applications

CMOS transconductor design for VHF filtering applications

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Luo Zhenying M.F. Li Yong Lian S.C. Rustagi Signal Processing and VLSI Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Microelectronics Singapore

A new differential input CMOS transconductor circuit for VHF filtering application is introduced. The new circuit has a very high frequency bandwidth, large linear differential mode input range and good common mode signal rejection capability. Using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with 3 V power supply, the transconductor has a 0.9 V linear differential input range with a -54.6dB total harmonic distortion (THD) and more than 1 GHz - 3dB bandwidth. A 3rd order elliptic low pass g/sub m/-C filter with a cutoff frequency of 150MHz is demonstrated as an application of the new transconductor.

关键词： Transconductors Filtering VHF circuits Power harmonic filters Bandwidth CMOS technology Frequency Power supplies Total harmonic distortion Band pass filters

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A discussion of leaky prediction based scalable coding

A discussion of leaky prediction based scalable coding

引用

IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Yuxin Liu Zhen Li P. Salama E.J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VZPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA

In this paper, we focus on the leaky prediction based scalable coding (LPSC) structure and present a general framework for LPSC. We demonstrate the similarity between LPSC and motion compensation based multiple description coding scheme. We show that since the information contained in the enhancement layer in LPSC is actually a mismatch between two descriptions for each frame, it cannot be guaranteed that the enhancement layer always achieves superior reconstruction quality beyond that achieved by the base layer. We derive three reconstructions for each frame under the LPSC framework, and propose a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation scheme for LPSC video reconstruction at the decoder. This generally achieves superior decoded video quality than both the enhancement layer and the base layer.

关键词： Image coding Image reconstruction Decoding Protection Motion compensation Streaming media Scalability Robustness Forward error correction computer errors

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An ontology approach to object-based image retrieval

An ontology approach to object-based image retrieval

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： V. Mezaris I. Kompatsiaris M.G. Strintzis Informatics and Telematics Institute Thessaloniki Greece Information Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

In this paper, an image retrieval methodology suited for search in large collections of heterogeneous images is presented. The proposed approach employs a fully unsupervised segmentation algorithm to divide images into regions. Low-level features describing the color, position, size and shape of the resulting regions are extracted and are automatically mapped to appropriate intermediate-level descriptors forming a simple vocabulary termed object ontology. The object ontology is used to allow the qualitative definition of the high-level concepts the user queries for (semantic objects, each represented by a keyword) in a human-centered fashion. When querying, clearly irrelevant image regions are rejected using the intermediate-level descriptors; following that, a relevance feedback mechanism employing the low-level features is invoked to produce the final query results. The proposed approach bridges the gap between keyword-based approaches, which assume the existence of rich image captions or require manual evaluation and annotation of every image of the collection, and query-by-example approaches, which assume that the user queries for images similar to one that already is at his disposal.

关键词： Ontologies Image retrieval Indexing Information retrieval Image segmentation Vocabulary Image databases Spatial databases Shape Feedback

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