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3D reconstruction of indoor and outdoor building scenes from a single image

3D reconstruction of indoor and outdoor building scenes from...

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2010 ACM Workshop on Surreal Media and Virtual Cloning, SMVC'10, Co-located with ACM Multimedia 2010

作者： Vouzounaras, Georgios Agapito, Juan Diego Perez-Moneo Daras, Petros Strintzis, Michael G. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Information Processing Laboratory Aristotle University of Thessaloniki GR54124 Thessaloniki Greece Centre for Research and Technology Informatics and Telematics Institute Hellas GR57001 Thessaloniki Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301756

In this paper, a novel method is proposed able to automatically generate accurate 3D models of both outdoor buildings and indoor scenes with perspective cues from line segments that are automatically extracted from a single image with an uncalibrated camera. The proposed method uses geometric constraints and knowledge of photography and achieves an accurate, real-time and fully automated 3D reconstruction of the scene without any intervention from the user.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Local spectrum sensing in non-Gaussian noise

Local spectrum sensing in non-Gaussian noise

引用

International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)

作者： Sayed Jalal Zahabi Ali. A. Tadaion Statistical Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yazd University Yazd Iran

This paper deals with the local spectrum sensing problem in non-Gaussian noise. It is of great importance to reliably detect the presence of licensed users in cognitive radio. This task highly depends on the noise distribution, thus it is important to characterize the noise behavior as best as possible. Although Gaussian assumption for noise is of interest due to many reasons, it sometimes fails to model the behavior of noise in practice. In this paper we present a local spectrum sensing scheme in a broad family of non-Gaussian noise. We reasonably assume that the Primary User (PU) signal is Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulated, where the number of constellation points, M, and the symbol code sequence are unknown to the Secondary Users (SU), as in practice. We also assume that the SUs are unaware of the PU signal complex amplitude and the non-Gaussian noise variance. Within this framework, we obtain the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) as our spectrum sensing scheme and propose an approximate implementation of the resulting GLRT. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme has an acceptable performance.

关键词： Gaussian noise Phase shift keying Cognitive radio Testing Phase modulation Modulation coding Constellation diagram Signal processing Laboratories Gaussian distribution

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Blocking LU Decomposition for FPGAs

Blocking LU Decomposition for FPGAs

引用

Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)

作者： Guiming Wu Yong Dou Gregory D. Peterson National Laboratory for Parallel & Distributed Processing National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

To efficiently perform large matrix LU decomposition on FPGAs with limited local memory, the original algorithm needs to be blocked. In this paper, we propose a block LU decomposition algorithm for FPGAs, which is applicable for matrices of arbitrary size. We introduce a high performance hardware design, which mainly consists of a linear array of processing elements (PEs), to implement our block LU decomposition algorithm. A total of 36 PEs can be integrated into a Xilinx Virtex-5 xc5vlx330 FPGA on our self-designed PCI-Express card, reaching a sustained performance of 8.50 GFLOPS at 133 MHz, which outperforms previous work.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Matrix decomposition Hardware Power engineering computing Algorithm design and analysis Linear algebra computer applications Concurrent computing Distributed computing Laboratories

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Efficient data encoder for low-power capsule endoscopy application

Efficient data encoder for low-power capsule endoscopy appli...

引用

International Symposium on Signal processing and Its Applications (ISSPA)

作者： Ramin Tajallipour Khan Wahid Multimedia Processing and Prototyping Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan SAS Canada

The paper presents an efficient data encoder based on Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) algorithm to be used in a low-power capsule endoscopic system. The encoder is library-based where the size of the library can be set by the user, and hence, the output data rate can be controlled according to the bandwidth requirement. The simulation is carried out with several endoscopic images and the results show that a minimum overall compression ratio of 92.8% can be achieved with a minimum reconstruction quality of 30dB. The energy consumption has been estimated to be 75uJ/frame. Several other encoding algorithms have been studied and the comparative results are discussed.

关键词： Dictionaries Chromium Image resolution Discrete cosine transforms Multimedia communication Impedance matching Encoding

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Hybrid DWT-DCT algorithm for biomedical image and video compression applications

Hybrid DWT-DCT algorithm for biomedical image and video comp...

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International Symposium on Signal processing and Its Applications (ISSPA)

作者： Suchitra Shrestha Khan Wahid Multimedia Processing and Prototyping Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan SAS Canada

Digital image and video in their raw form require an enormous amount of storage capacity. Considering the important role played by digital imaging and video in medical and health science, it is necessary to develop a system that produces high degree of compression while preserving critical image/video information. In this paper, we present a hybrid algorithm that performs the discrete cosine transform on the discrete wavelet transform coefficients. Simulation has been carried out on several medical and endoscopic images and videos. The results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm performs much better in term of peak-signal-to-noise-ratio with a higher compression ratio compared to standalone DCT and DWT algorithms. The scheme is intended to be used as the image/video compressor engine in medical imaging and video applications, such as, telemedicine and wireless capsule endoscopy.

关键词： Image resolution Larynx Biomedical imaging Quantization Discrete wavelet transforms Computed tomography

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Versatile Stack Management for Multitasking Sensor Networks

Versatile Stack Management for Multitasking Sensor Networks

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IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems

作者： Rui Chu Lin Gu Yunhao Liu Mo Li Xicheng Lu National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing National University of Defense Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781424472611;9780769540597

The networked application environment has motivated the development of multitasking operating systems for sensor networks and other low-power electronic devices, but their multitasking capability is severely limited because traditional stack management techniques perform poorly on small-memory systems. In this paper, we show that combining binary translation and a new kernel runtime can lead to efficient OS designs on resource-constrained platforms. We introduce SenSmart, a multitasking OS for sensor networks, and present new OS design techniques for supporting preemptive multi-task scheduling, memory isolation, and versatile stack management. We have implemented SenSmart on MICA2/MICAz motes. Evaluation shows that SenSmart performs efficient binary translation and demonstrates a significantly better capability in managing concurrent tasks than other sensornet operating systems.

关键词： parallel processing (computerS) Sensor networks Electron devices Furnace conveyors Cache Memory System Operating systems osmium

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Adaptive Carrier-Sensing for Throughput Improvement in IEEE 802.11 Networks

Adaptive Carrier-Sensing for Throughput Improvement in IEEE ...

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2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010

作者： Ehsan Haghani Michael N. Krishnan Avideh Zakhor Video and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley USA

As a Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) network, the performance of IEEE 802.11 networks highly depends on the accuracy of the carrier sensing procedure. However, conventional carrier sensing approaches suffer from the well known hidden and exposed node problems, adversely affecting aggregate throughput of the IEEE 802.11 networks. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme through which each station can adaptively select its Carrier Sense Threshold (CST) in order to mitigate the hidden/exposed node problems. The basic idea behind our approach is for the Access Point (AP) to periodically transmit a Busy/Idle (BI) signal to all the stations. Individual stations then use the BI signal from the AP together with their own local BI signal in order to adjust their CST. We use NS-2 simulations to show that our approach can enhance the aggregate throughput by as much as 50%.

关键词： Throughput Peer to peer computing Bismuth Energy states Aggregates Sensors Adaptation model

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Comparison of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tractography of diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) in temporal lobe epilepsy

Comparison of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tractography...

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2010 18th Iranian Conference on electrical engineering, ICEE 2010

作者： Afzali, Maryam Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 14395-515 Iran Image Analysis Laboratory Radiology Department Henry Ford Health System Detroit MI 48202 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424467600

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a neurological disease that affects millions of individuals in the world. Majority of TLE patients suffer from refractory seizures. Determining abnormal/damaged regions of the brain that harbor seizure focus is a critical step towards treatment of TLE patients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive method that we use in this work to determine damaged regions of white matter in the brain. To this end, we apply two methods, voxel based morphometry (VBM) and fiber tracking. We use these methods along with two anisotropy maps (EAR and FA) extracted from the DTI data. We use DTI data of 31 subjects (12 normal subjects and 19 TLE patients) for testing and evaluation studies. The VBM method shows that TLE is associated with reduction of both of FA and EAR values in several regions within the temporal lobes. The tractography method shows abnormal diffusion characteristics in three fiber bundles (fornix, uncinate fasciculus, and cingulum). The results show that the EAR maps are less sensitive to noise than the FA maps and the EAR values change more than the FA values in TLE. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Diffusion tensor imaging

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Gender estimation based on physiological features of the face

Gender estimation based on physiological features of the fac...

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International Symposium on Signal processing and Its Applications (ISSPA)

作者： C.H. Ting U.U. Sheikh S.A.R Abu-Bakar Computer Vision Video and Image Processing Research Laboratory Department of Microelectronics and Computer Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia

In this paper, we present a gender estimation technique that will determine whether a person looking at the camera is a male or female. Several facial features extracted from a face are passed to post-image-processing operations before they are sent to a rule-base classifier. We applied our technique to both static passport-like photos as well as several video sequences consisting of a single face each. Our database also contains images of females wearing headscarf as well as bald men. Our initial results showed a very promising outcome. For static face images, we obtained an accuracy of 100% correct gender estimation for females and 98% for males while for video sequences, the accuracy obtained was 87.5% for females and 70% for males.

关键词： Face Hair Image resolution Estimation computers Accuracy

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A statistical approach for shadow detection using spatio-temporal contexts

A statistical approach for shadow detection using spatio-tem...

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IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： Yiyang Liu Don Adjeroh Video and Image Processing Laboratory Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Video and Image Processing Laboratory Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

Background subtraction is an important step used to segment moving regions in surveillance videos. However, cast shadows are often falsely labeled as foreground objects, which may severely degrade the accuracy of object localization and detection. Effective shadow detection is necessary for accurate foreground segmentation, especially for outdoor scenes. Based on the characteristics of shadows, such as luminance reduction, chromaticity invariance and texture invariance, we introduce a nonparametric framework for modeling surface behavior under cast shadows. To each pixel, we assign a potential shadow value with a confidence weight, indicating the probability that the pixel location is an actual shadow point. Given an observed RGB value for a pixel in a new frame, we use its recent spatio-temporal context to compute an expected shadow RGB value. The similarity between the observed and the expected shadow RGB values determines whether a pixel position is a true shadow. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed method on a suite of standard indoor and outdoor video sequences.

关键词： Pixel Light sources Color Lighting Video sequences Context Histograms

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