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17th European Signal processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2009

作者： Reuse, Pascal Gurban, Mihai Austvoll, Ivar Thiran, Jean-Philippe Signal Processing Laboratory 5 Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralè de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway

The use of omnidirectional cameras for videoconferencing promises to simplify the hardware setup necessary for large groups of participants. We investigate the use of a multimodal speaker detection algorithm on audio-visual sequences captured with such a camera, in particular, an algorithm that uses the audio energy together with the optical flow. We analyze several types of optical flow methods to determine the one which is appropriate to the omnidirectional context. © EURASIP, 2009.

关键词： Optical flows

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Automatic segmentation of brain structures using geometric moment invariants and artificial neural networks

Automatic segmentation of brain structures using geometric m...

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21st International Conference on Information processing in Medical Imaging, IPMI 2009

作者： Jabarouti Moghaddam, Mostafa Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Image Analysis Laboratory Department of Radiology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)3642024971

We propose an automatic method for the segmentation of the brain structures in three dimensional (3D) Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). The proposed method consists of two stages. In the first stage, we represent the shape of the structure using Geometric Moment Invariants (GMIs) in 8 scales. For each scale, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is designed to approximate the signed distance function of a desired structure. The GMIs along with the voxel intensities and coordinates are used as the input features of the ANN and the signed distance function as its output. In the second stage, we combine the outputs of the ANNs of the first stage and design another ANN to classify the image voxels into two classes, inside or outside of the structure. We introduce a fast method for moment calculations. The proposed method is applied to the segmentation of caudate, putamen, and thalamus in MRI where it has outperformed other methods in the literature. © 2009 Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Neural networks

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Spectral derivative feature coding for hyperspectral signature analysis

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Pattern Recognition 2009年第3期42卷 395-408页

作者： Chang, Chein-I Chakravarty, Sumit Chen, Hsian-Min Ouyang, Yen-Chieh Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 United States Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Environmental Restoration and Disaster Reduction Research Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan

This paper presents a new approach to hyperspectral signature analysis, called spectral derivative feature coding (SDFC). It is derived from texture features used in texture classification to dictate gradient changes among adjacent bands in characterizing spectral variations so as to improve better spectral discrimination and classification. In order to evaluate its performance, two known binary coding methods, spectral analysis manager (SPAM) and spectral feature-based binary coding (SFBC) are used to conduct comparative analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SDFC performs more effectively in capturing spectral characteristics than do SPAM and SFBC. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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Composite Kernels for Fusing Colour Information in Face Verification Systems

Composite Kernels for Fusing Colour Information in Face Veri...

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International Conference on Digital Image processing, ICDIP

作者： Fahimeh Salimi Mohammad T. Sadeghi Signal Processing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yazd University Yazd Iran

In this work, a novel method of fusing colour information in feature level is proposed considering a face verification system. For this purpose, composite kernels which have been already used in support vector machine classifier is applied within the framework of the generalised discriminant analysis (GDA) algorithm. The performance of the resulting system is evaluated using the XM2VTS face database and its associated experimental protocols. Our experiments show that by combining colour information using the proposed approach the good classification performance demonstrated by the kernel based methods can be further improved.

关键词： Kernel Principal component analysis Feature extraction Support vector machines Support vector machine classification Signal processing algorithms Face recognition Linear discriminant analysis Color Digital signal processing

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Color quantization using principal components for initialization of Kohonen SOFM

Color quantization using principal components for initializa...

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IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： Dimitris Mavridis Nikos Papamarkos Image Processing and Multimedia Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Greece

A new method is proposed for initializing Kohonen's self-organizing feature maps (SOFM) of fixed zero neighborhood radius for use in color quantization. The method employs the two largest principal components of the input image so that the initial weights of a number of neurons approach the input image color distribution. The rest of the neurons are initialized using the smallest principal component of the input image. Namely, standard SOFM is applied to the projection of the input image pixels onto the plane spanned by the two largest principal components and to pixels of the original image defined by the smallest principal component. The neuron values which emerge initialize the final SOFM of fixed zero neighborhood radius that performs the color quantization of the original image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can often produce smaller quantization errors than standard SOFM and other color quantization methods.

关键词： Quantization Neurons Neural networks Pixel Image color analysis Image processing Clustering algorithms Fuzzy neural networks Vectors Lattices

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Fast face recognition using a combination of image pyramid and hierarchical clustering algorithms

Fast face recognition using a combination of image pyramid a...

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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal processing (WCSP)

作者： Hajar Momeni Mohammad T Sadeghi Hamid R Abutalebi Signal Processing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yazd University Yazd Iran

Classifying an unknown object in image retrieval systems using the nearest neighbour classifier would be very time consuming when the number of the objects within the associated database is high. Generating a dendrogram using a Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) algorithm and searching the database images from coarse to fine resolutions using image pyramids are two important groups of techniques widely used for dealing with this problem. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed by combining these methods within the framework of a face recognition system. The search process is performed in a coarse-to-fine manner using image pyramids. On the bottom level of the pyramid (the finest resolution), a set of dendrograms is formed using the HAC algorithm. Our experimental studies show that the recognition process can be speeded up by a factor of around 65 compare to the basic nearest neighbour classifier. In such a condition, however, the recognition rate is slightly reduced.

关键词： Face recognition Clustering algorithms Prototypes Image resolution Signal processing algorithms Image databases Computational complexity Fingerprint recognition Face detection Laboratories

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Comparison of basis-vector selection methods for structural modeling of hyperspectral imagery

Comparison of basis-vector selection methods for structural ...

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Imaging Spectrometry XIV

作者： Peña-Ortega, Carolina Vélez-Reyes, Miguel Computer Engineering Department Laboratory for Applied Remote Sensing and Image Processing Electrical University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus P.O.Box 3535 Mayagüez PR 00681-3535 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819477477

This paper presents a comparison of different methods for structural modeling of hyperspectral imagery for target detection. We study structured models, based on linear subspaces and convex polyhedral cones, and their application for target detection. Different training methods are studied: Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used for subspace modeling, and Maximum Distance (MaxD) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) for convex polyhedral modeling. We study different detectors based on orthogonal and oblique projections for subspace and convex polyhedral cones and evaluate their performance. Experimental results using HYDICE imagery are presented. © 2009 SPIE.

关键词： Singular value decomposition

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Performance analysis of the Neyman-Pearson fusion center for spectrum sensing in a Cognitive Radio network

Performance analysis of the Neyman-Pearson fusion center for...

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Eurocon

作者： Somayeh Mosleh Ali Akbar Tadaion Mostafa Derakhtian Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yazd University Yazd Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran

A key technology in cognitive radio (CR) is spectrum sensing that senses the spectrum and reports the available vacant channels. However, due to some effects such as fading or shadowing, an individual sensor may not be able to reliably detect the existence of a primary user (PU). Cooperative spectrum sensing that is proposed to solve such problem, uses a distributed detection system to overcome the severe decadent of received signal strength at some locations in the network. This paper considers the performance of a distributed Neyman-Pearson (N-P) detection system consisting of N sensors and a fusion center, in which the decision rules of the sensors have been given and the decisions of different sensors are mutually independent conditioned on both hypotheses. Theoretical analysis on the performance of this fusion center is carried out. We obtain the conditions for the fusion center to achieve an overall probability of detection that is greater than the local probability of detection of each sensor. Numerical results show that the AND, OR and majority decision fusion rules are the special cases of the N-P fusion rule.

关键词： Performance analysis Cognitive radio Chromium Frequency Sensor fusion Detectors Sensor systems Fading Intelligent networks Shadow mapping

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Real-time processing of simplex growing algorithm

Real-time processing of simplex growing algorithm

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2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2009

作者： Wu, Chao-Cheng Chang, Chein-I. Ren, Husen Chang, Yang Lang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 United States Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research National Central University Jhong-Li Tao-Yuan Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424433957

Simplex growing algorithm (SGA) was recently developed as an alternative to the N-finder algorithm (N-FINDR) which is shown to be a promising endmember extraction technique. This paper further extends the SGA to a real-time processing algorithm, referred to as real-time SGA (RT SGA) that can effectively address four major issues arising in practical implementation for N-FINDR, (1) use of random initial endmembers which causes inconsistent final results, (2) very high computational complexity which results from an exhaustive search for finding all endmembers simultaneously, (3) requirement of dimensionality reduction because of enormous data volumes to be processed and (4) lack of real-time capability. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Extraction

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A theoretical model for spontaneous seizure generation based on Markov chain process

A theoretical model for spontaneous seizure generation based...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Farzaneh Shayegh Saeed Sadri Rasoul AmirFattahi Digital signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran

Here a theoretical model for seizure generation is presented. This is done according to a simple physiological model of epileptic activities in which seizure occurrence is mainly attributed to imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory ratio. Although factors that play a role in ictogenesis are not exactly known, this process can be assumed as a stochastic process. Indeed, we claim that in neural synapses both excitatory and inhibitory gains change randomly. We propose that their values theoretically change as a tri-variant 2 nd -order Markov chain process. States of Markov chain must be selected such that any sudden change is avoided. Important result of this modeling is that epileptic behavior of a cortical area may appear in various manners not in a unique one. Thus different observations in seizure onset all are validated and it is proved that they do not contradict each other.

关键词： Brain modeling Epilepsy Electroencephalography Neurons Signal generators Stochastic processes Neural engineering Digital signal processing Electronic mail Synchronous generators

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