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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Satyam Srivastava Ka Ki Ng Edward J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457705380

Color is a powerful attribute that is used to characterize objects for tracking and other surveillance tasks. Since color is dependent on ambient illumination and the imaging equipment, the reliability of color features decreases as the object moves through regions observed with different cameras and with different illumination conditions. Typically, this issue is addressed using alternative color spaces or highly simplified color transformation. In this paper, we propose a more methodical approach to achieving color consistency using colorimetric principles. We model the image analysis system as an observer and develop camera-specific transformations so that images of the same object appear similar to this observer. The transformations thus developed are approximated with 3D look-up tables for fast operation. Experimental results show improved color consistency even under two very different illumination conditions. The results are evaluated both qualitatively and in terms of the effect on a particle filter based object tracker.

关键词： Image color analysis Cameras Lighting Table lookup Transforms Three dimensional displays

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A hand-held multimedia translation and interpretation system for diet management

A hand-held multimedia translation and interpretation system...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Albert Parra Pozo Andrew W. Haddad Mireille Boutin Edward J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Computational Imaging Laboratory (CIL) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

We propose a system for helping individuals who follow a medical diet maintain this diet while visiting countries where a foreign language is spoken. Our focus is on diets where certain foods must either be restricted (e.g., metabolic diseases), avoided (e.g., food intolerance or allergies), or preferably consumed for medical reasons. However, our framework can be used to manage other diets (e.g., vegan) as well. The system is based on the use of a hand-held multimedia device such as a PDA or mobile telephone to analyze and/or disambiguate the content of foods offered on restaurant menus and interpret them in the context of specific diets. The system also provides the option to communicate diet-related instructions or information to a local person (e.g., a waiter) as well as obtain clarifications through dialogue. All computations are performed within the device and do not require a network connection. Real-time text translation is a challenge. We address this challenge with a light-weight, context-specific machine translation method. This method builds on a modification of existing open source Machine Translation (MT) software to obtain a fast and accurate translation. In particular, we describe a method we call n-gram consolidation that joins words in a language pair and increases the accuracy of the translation. We developed and implemented this system on the iPod Touch for English speakers traveling in Spain. Our tests indicate that our translation method yields the correct translation more often than general purpose translation engines such as Google Translate, and does so almost instantaneously. The memory requirements of the application, including the database of picture, are also well within the limits of the device.

关键词： Databases Accuracy Context Training Engines Random access memory Google

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Temperature-Aided Fingerprinting for localization in wireless local area networks

Temperature-Aided Fingerprinting for localization in wireles...

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International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI)

作者： Kave Aryanpoo Hadi Moradi Robotics and AI Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Robotics and AI Laboratory Control & Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Wireless signal fingerprints have been used to localize mobile devices in recent years. Especially, WLAN signals are of great importance, because of the ubiquity of WLAN infrastructure. In this paper, the possibility of correlation between temperature and signal strength is investigated to improve the traditional fingerprinting method by incorporating the temperature into the process. The new approach is called the Temperature-Aided Fingerprinting (TAF) and even with current WLAN-enabled devices, which usually do not have a thermometer, TAF achieves a better performance than the traditional method. At the end, we open up a hypothesis that the observed difference is not caused by the temperature, rather by the crowdedness and the dynamics of the environment. This is left to be investigated in the future.

关键词： Fingerprint recognition Temperature distribution Educational institutions Buildings Temperature sensors Temperature measurement

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A Finite-Time Tracker for Nonholonomic Systems Using Recursive Singularity-Free FTSM

A Finite-Time Tracker for Nonholonomic Systems Using Recursi...

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2011 American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Saleh Mobayen Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah Vahid Johari Majd Intelligent Control Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tarbiat Moalem University Tehran Iran Control & Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence School of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Tehran Iran

A novel recursive singularity free FTSM (Fast Terminal Sliding Mode) strategy for finite time tracking control of nonholonomic systems is proposed. As a result, the singularity problem around the origin resulting from the fractional power of conventional terminal sliding mode is resolved. Simulation results are given for two benchmark examples of extended chained-form nonholonomic systems: a wheeled mobile robot and an underactuated surface vessel. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： Mobile robots Trajectory Mathematical model Equations Convergence Tracking

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Crowd flow estimation using multiple visual features for scenes with changing crowd densities

Crowd flow estimation using multiple visual features for sce...

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IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)

作者： Satyam Srivastava Ka Ki Ng Edward J. Delp Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA

Crowd estimation and monitoring is an important surveillance task. We address the problem of estimating the “flow,” that is the number of persons passing a designated region in a unit time. We designate an area of the scene as a virtual trip wire and accumulate the total number of foreground pixels (in the trip wire) over a chosen time period. We show that cumulative pixel count is related to the number of persons passing through the trip-wire by a scale factor. This scale factor is highly sensitive to the “crowdedness” (levels of crowd density) of the scene which creates different levels of occlusion of the individuals walking/passing through the trip-wire. We use texture features to determine the crowdedness and choose the most appropriate scaling factor. Our method does not require detection and tracking of individuals and is robust to scene dynamics, background subtraction errors, and different crowd levels.

关键词： Wires Estimation Training Feature extraction Mathematical model Robustness Testing

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Superiority of the 3rd order approximation model to the 2nd order in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging

Superiority of the 3rd order approximation model to the 2nd ...

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作者： Iraji, Armin Davoodi-Bojd, Esmaeil Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid Hossein-Zadeh, Gholam-Ali Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 14395-515 Iran Image Analysis Laboratory Radiology Department Henry Ford Hospital Detroit MI 48202 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789644634284

For estimating the kurtosis parameter in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), usually second order expansion of the diffusion signal is used in conventional acquisition data. However, in this work, we show that this is not sufficient and should be reconsidered. Instead of using the second order expansion, we propose to use the third order expansion. At first, we show that the third order term of the Taylor's expansion has considerable values compared to second and first terms for the conventional b-values used in DKI. Then, for proving our claim empirically, we use real data to compare the proposed model with the previous one. To this end, five regions of the brain are extracted and for each region the fitting errors of both models are computed. The results confirm that the fitting error of the third order model is always (for all regions) less than the second order model. Although the improvement of the fitting error seems to be small, but considering the sensitivity analysis, this improvement can enhance the estimation of kurtosis. The resulting maps of the kurtosis parameter show this enhancement. The white matter in the map of third order model is more distinguishable than in the other model. © 2011 AmirKabir Univ of Tech.

关键词： Diffusion

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Appropriate twinkling frequency and inter-sources distance selection in SSVEP-based HCI systems

Appropriate twinkling frequency and inter-sources distance s...

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IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image processing Applications (ICSIPA)

作者： Seyed Navid Resalat Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan Fardin Afdideh Ali Heidarnejad Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Laboratory (BiSIPL) School of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) are one of the most important EEG signals used in Human computer Interface (HCI) systems. These signals are generated by Looking at flickering external light sources stimulating the central part of the retina. By increasing the number of external light sources, detection of the corresponding SSVEPs from the recorded EEG signal becomes more complicated. On the other hand, the ratio of the sensitivity to specificity in high-speed classifiers becomes more significant. This study presents the effect of the twinkling frequencies and the inter-sources distance of two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on the ratio of the sensitivity to specificity of the two classes. The features used for signal classification is the amplitude of the main frequencies in the spectrum of each frequency pairs that is simply classified by the Max classifier. The purpose of this is to find the best twinkling frequencies and the best inter-sources distance among a set of predefined values when there are only two light sources in order to nearly equalize the sensitivity and the specificity. For this aim, seven different frequency pairs of LEDs in five distinct inter-sources distances are examined and it is shown that the best frequency pair is 10 and 15 Hz with inter-sources distances of 24 or 44 cm.

关键词： Light sources Sensitivity Light emitting diodes Electroencephalography Educational institutions Steady-state Visualization

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Bayesian Spatiotemporal Multitask Learning for Radar HRRP Target Recognition

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IEEE Transactions on Signal processing 2011年第7期59卷 3182-3196页

作者： Lan Du Penghui Wang Hongwei Liu Mian Pan Feng Chen Zheng Bao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi'an China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China

A Bayesian dynamic model based on multitask learning (MTL) is developed for radar automatic target recognition (RATR) using high-resolution range profile (HRRP). The aspect-dependent HRRP sequence is modeled using a truncated stick-breaking hidden Markov model (TSB-HMM) with time-evolving transition probabilities, in which the spatial structure across range cells is described by the hidden Markov structure and the temporal dependence between HRRP samples is described by the time evolution of the transition probabilities. This framework imposes the belief that temporally proximate HRRPs are more likely to be drawn from similar HMMs, while also allowing for possible distant repetition or “innovation”. In addition, as formulated the stick-breaking prior and MTL mechanism are employed to infer the number of hidden states in an HMM and learn the target-dependent states collectively for all targets. The form of the proposed hierarchical model allows efficient variational Bayesian (VB) inference, of interest for large-scale problems. To validate the formulation, example results are presented for an illustrative synthesized dataset and our main application-RATR, for which we consider the measured HRRP data. For the latter, we also make comparisons to the model with the independent state-transition statistics and some other existing statistical models for radar HRRP data.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Data models Radar Bayesian methods Target recognition Analytical models

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A method for translating printed documents using a hand-held device

A method for translating printed documents using a hand-held...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Albert Parra Pozo Andrew W. Haddad Mireille Boutin Edward J. Delp Video and Image Processing Lab (VIPER) Computarional Imaging Lab (CIL) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA Video and Image Processing Laboratory (VIPER) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

We have developed a system to translate and interpret printed documents (such as periodicals) using a commercially available mobile device (e.g., a mobile telephone) with an embedded camera. The system comprises an automatic layout analysis tool along with an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine and a translation engine. The translation engine combines Rule-Based Machine Translation (RBMT) software, a list of context-sensitive words/phrases, and an encyclopedia for a list of words. We implemented the proposed system on a Nokia N900 smartphone for translating newspaper articles from Spanish to English. Our tests show that the accuracy and speed of the system is mostly influenced by the accuracy and speed of the OCR method used. Our application requires 19.43 MB of memory and no more than 28 MB of dynamic memory. We show the ability to complete the process for roughly 410 words in as little as 65 seconds for high accuracy or 17 seconds for high speed, on average. The energy consumption in both cases is minimal.

关键词： Databases Optical character recognition software Accuracy Layout Graphical user interfaces Engines Encyclopedias

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LD: A Polynomial Time Algorithm for Tree Isomorphism

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Procedia engineering 2011年 15卷 2015-2020页

作者： Baida Zhang Yuhua Tang Junjie Wu Shuai Xu National laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan 410073 P. R. China Department of Information Engineering Academy of Armored Force Engineering Beijing 100000 P.R.China

Graph isomorphism problem has always been mathematics and engineering technology community concern, the reason mainly from two aspects: First, in theory, is generally believed that the problem is NP-complete problem; Second, the graph isomorphism the problem with good prospects, in chemistry, operations research, computer science, electronics, network theory has applications in many fields, but the exponential complexity of the algorithm and the algorithm itself makes the limitations applicable to the object involved with complex graphics the application of structure is difficult to determine the start. In this paper, class tree is proposed based on the node to delete the exact graph isomorphism problem, you can quickly determine the graph isomorphism problem, and theoretical analysis and experiments show that the algorithm can determine the class in polynomial time tree isomorphism problem.

关键词： Graph Isomorphism LD algorithm

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