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检索条件"机构=Parallel Programming"

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Down to Earth - How to Visualize Traffic on High-dimensional Torus Networks 1

Down to Earth - How to Visualize Traffic on High-dimensional...

引用

1st Workshop on Visual Performance Analysis (VPA)

作者： Theisen, Lucas Shah, Aamer Wolf, Felix Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Dept Comp Sci Aachen Germany German Res Sch Simulat Sci Lab Parallel Programming Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479970582

High-dimensional torus networks are becoming common in flagship HPC systems, with five of the top ten systems in June 2014 having networks with more than three dimensions. Although such networks combine performance with scalability at reasonable cost, the challenge of how to achieve optimal performance remains. Tools are needed to help understand how well the traffic is distributed among the many dimensions. This involves not only capturing network traffic but also its comprehensible visualization. However, visualizing such networks requires projecting multiple dimensions onto a two-dimensional screen, which is naturally challenging. To tackle this problem, in this position paper, we propose a visualization technique which can display traffic on torus networks with up to six dimensions. Our fundamental approach is to simultaneously present multiple views of the same network section, with each view visualizing different dimensions. Furthermore, we leverage the multiple-coordinate system concept and combine it with a customized polygon view to provide both a global and a zoomed-in perspective of the network. By interactively linking all the views, our technique makes it possible to analyze how the communication pattern of an application is mapped onto a network.

关键词： data visualisation multiprocessing systems parallel processing communication pattern customized polygon view flagship HPC systems high performance computing high-dimensional torus networks multiple-coordinate system network traffic traffic visualization technique two-dimensional screen Data visualization Educational institutions Hardware Joining processes Measurement Monitoring Visualization Data visualisation traffic network Multiprocessing systems High Performance Computing Educational institutions Visualization parallel PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) Computer hardware Traffic Network telecommunication traffic toruses Torus topsoil Earth

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How File Access Patterns Influence Interference Among Cluster Applications 16

How File Access Patterns Influence Interference Among Cluste...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER)

作者： Kuo, Chih-Song Shah, Aamer Nomura, Akihiro Matsuoka, Satoshi Wolf, Felix Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Dept Comp Sci Aachen Germany German Res Sch Simulat Sci Lab Parallel Programming Aachen Germany Tokyo Inst Technol Global Sci Informat & Comp Ctr Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479955480

On large-scale clusters, tens to hundreds of applications can simultaneously access a parallel file system, leading to contention and in its wake to degraded application performance. However, the degree of interference depends on the specific file access pattern. On the basis of synchronized time-slice profiles, we compare the interference potential of different file access patterns. We consider both micro-benchmarks, to study the effects of certain patterns in isolation, and realistic applications to gauge the severity of such interference under production conditions. In particular, we found that writing large files simultaneously with small files can slow down the latter at small chunk sizes but the former at larger chunk sizes. We further show that such effects can seriously affect the runtime of real applicationsup to a factor of five in one instance. In the future, both our insights and profiling techniques can be used to automatically classify the interference potential between applications and to adjust scheduling decisions accordingly.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Down to Earth - How to Visualize Traffic on High-dimensional Torus Networks

Down to Earth - How to Visualize Traffic on High-dimensional...

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Workshop on Visual Performance Analysis (VPA)

作者： Lucas Theisen Aamer Shah Felix Wolf Department of Computer Science RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany German Research School for Simulation Sciences Laboratory for Parallel Programming Aachen Germany

关键词： Data visualization Visualization Monitoring Measurement Educational institutions Joining processes Hardware

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A Dynamic Resource Management System for Network-Attached Accelerator Clusters

A Dynamic Resource Management System for Network-Attached Ac...

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42nd Annual International Conference on parallel Processing (ICPP)

作者： Prabhakaran, Suraj Iqbal, Mohsin Rinke, Sebastian Wolf, Felix German Res Sch Simulat Sci Lab Parallel Programming D-52062 Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769551173

Over the years, cluster systems have become increasingly heterogeneous by equipping cluster nodes with one or more accelerators such as graphic processing units (GPU). These devices are typically attached to a compute node via PCI Express. As a consequence, batch systems such as TORQUE/Maui and SLURM have been extended to be aware of those additional resources tightly coupled with compute nodes. Recent advances in accelerator technology have given rise to the possibility of using network-attached accelerators in addition to node-attached accelerators. However, current batch systems do not support this new usage scenario of accelerators. This work focuses on the support for batch systems for allocating network-attached accelerators. The most important feature of the proposed batch system is its ability to dynamically allocate network-attached accelerators to jobs at application runtime. We discuss our extensions to the TORQUE and Maui batch system and elaborate on its features in the Dynamic Accelerator-Cluster Architecture, which describes an integration of network-attached accelerators into a cluster system. We also evaluate the dynamic allocation scenarios and show how batch systems can be designed to provide support for more flexible and dynamic cluster systems.

关键词： dynamic resource management dynamic scheduling heterogenous architectures

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How file access patterns influence interference among cluster applications

How file access patterns influence interference among cluste...

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

作者： Chih-Song Kuo Aamer Shah Akihiro Nomura Satoshi Matsuoka Felix Wolf Department of Computer Science RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany German Research School for Simulation Sciences Laboratory for Parallel Programming Aachen Germany Tokyo Institute of Technology Global Scientific Information and Computing Center Tokyo Japan

On large-scale clusters, tens to hundreds of applications can simultaneously access a parallel file system, leading to contention and in its wake to degraded application performance. However, the degree of interference depends on the specific file access pattern. On the basis of synchronized time-slice profiles, we compare the interference potential of different file access patterns. We consider both micro-benchmarks, to study the effects of certain patterns in isolation, and realistic applications to gauge the severity of such interference under production conditions. In particular, we found that writing large files simultaneously with small files can slow down the latter at small chunk sizes but the former at larger chunk sizes. We further show that such effects can seriously affect the runtime of real applications-up to a factor of five in one instance. In the future, both our insights and profiling techniques can be used to automatically classify the interference potential between applications and to adjust scheduling decisions accordingly.

关键词： Interference Servers Throughput Benchmark testing Market research Degradation Aggregates

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Capturing Inter-Application Interference on Clusters

Capturing Inter-Application Interference on Clusters

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15th IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER)

作者： Shah, Aamer Wolf, Felix Zhumatiy, Sergey Voevodin, Vladimir German Res Sch Simulat Sci Lab Parallel Programming Aachen Germany Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ Ctr Res Comp Moscow 117234 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479908981

Cluster systems usually run several applications often from different users concurrently, with individual applications competing for access to shared resources such as the file system or the network. Low application performance is therefore not always the result of inefficient program design, but may instead be caused by interference from outside. However, knowing the difference is essential for an appropriate response. Unfortunately, traditional performance-analysis techniques consider an application always in isolation, without the ability to compare its performance to the overall performance conditions on the system when it was executed. In this paper, we present a novel approach of how to correlate the performance behavior of applications running side by side. To accomplish this, we divide the application runtime into fine-grained time slices whose boundaries are synchronized across the entire system. Mapping performance data related to shared resources onto these time slices, we are able to establish the simultaneity of their usage across jobs, which can be indicative of inter-application interference. Our experiments show that such interference effects, for which the developer is usually not to blame, can degrade application performance significantly.

关键词： performance evaluation

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Preserving the original MPI semantics in a virtualized processor environment

Preserving the original MPI semantics in a virtualized proce...

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作者： Rodrigues, Eduardo R. Navaux, Philippe O.A. Panetta, Jairo Mendes, Celso L. IBM Research Brazil Institute of Informatics UFRGS Brazil Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies INPE Brazil Parallel Programming Laboratory UIUC United States

Processor virtualization is a technique in which a programmer divides a computation into many entities, which are mapped to the available processors. The number of these entities, referred to as virtual processors, is typically larger than the number of physical processors. For an MPI program, the user decomposes the computation into more MPI tasks than physical processors. This approach allows overlapping computation and communication, and enables load balancing. User-level threads are often used to implement these virtual processors because they are generally faster to create, manage and migrate than heavy processes or kernel threads. However, these threads present issues concerning private data because they break the private address space assumption typically made by MPI programs. In this paper, we propose a new approach to privatize data in user-level threads. This approach is based on thread-local storage (TLS), which is often used by kernel threads. We apply this technique so that MPI programs can be executed in a virtualized environment while preserving their original semantics. We show that this alternative has a more efficient context switch and lower migration cost and is simpler to implement than other approaches. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Structure theory of Petri nets

Structure theory of Petri nets

引用

5th International Summer School "Advanced Course on Petri Nets"

作者： Best, Eike Wimmel, Harro Parallel Systems Department of Computing Science Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg D-26111 Oldenburg Germany Theory of Programming Languages and Programming Institut für Informatik Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 22 D-18059 Rostock Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642381423

The aim of this tutorial is to give a concise, but nonetheless not too narrow, overview of definitions and results pertaining centrally to Petri net structure theory. The Petri net model considered in these notes are the classical place/transition nets, as they have been defined in the First Advanced Course held in 1979 and originate back to the late Sixties. Structure theory asks what behavioural properties of a Petri net can be derived from its structural properties. Other aspects of Petri nets are neglected to a large extent in the present notes, such as various extensions and generalisations of central notions and results, as well as almost all algorithmic and complexity-theoretic consequences that accompany the structure-theoretic results. Because full proofs can easily be retrieved from the literature, they are not given, unless they are small and perhaps somewhat characteristic for Petri net oriented reasoning. Proof ideas are often sketched, however, and the sharpness of various results is accentuated by means of examples and counterexamples. A list for further reading is also provided. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

关键词： Petri nets

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A Dynamic Resource Management System for Network-Attached Accelerator Clusters

A Dynamic Resource Management System for Network-Attached Ac...

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International Conference on parallel Processing (ICPP)

作者： Suraj Prabhakaran Mohsin Iqbal Sebastian Rinke Felix Wolf German Research School for Simulation Sciences Laboratory for Parallel Programming Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479914487

关键词： Resource management Computer architecture Dynamic scheduling Torque Graphics processing units Servers Method of moments

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Capturing inter-application interference on clusters

Capturing inter-application interference on clusters

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

作者： Aamer Shah Felix Wolf Sergey Zhumatiy Vladimir Voevodin German Research School for Simulation Sciences Laboratory for Parallel Programming Moscow State University Research Computing Center

Cluster systems usually run several applications-often from different users-concurrently, with individual applications competing for access to shared resources such as the file system or the network. Low application performance is therefore not always the result of inefficient program design, but may instead be caused by interference from outside. However, knowing the difference is essential for an appropriate response. Unfortunately, traditional performance-analysis techniques consider an application always in isolation, without the ability to compare its performance to the overall performance conditions on the system when it was executed. In this paper, we present a novel approach of how to correlate the performance behavior of applications running side by side. To accomplish this, we divide the application runtime into fine-grained time slices whose boundaries are synchronized across the entire system. Mapping performance data related to shared resources onto these time slices, we are able to establish the simultaneity of their usage across jobs, which can be indicative of inter-application interference. Our experiments show that such interference effects, for which the developer is usually not to blame, can degrade application performance significantly.

关键词： Interference Noise Benchmark testing Measurement Graphics processing units Runtime Hardware

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