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distributed and parallel systems 1

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1000年

作者： Péter Kacsuk Zsolt Németh Thomas Fahringer

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A Hardware-Software Co-Design for Efficient Secure Containers 25

A Hardware-Software Co-Design for Efficient Secure Container...

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20th European Conference on Computer systems, EuroSys 2025, co-located 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating systems, ASPLOS 2025

作者： Shi, Jiacheng Yu, Yang Gu, Jinyu Xia, Yubin Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711961

VM-level containers provide strong isolation by running each container with its own kernel in a VM. However, they rely on virtualization hardware designed for general-purpose VMs, causing non-negligible performance overhead compared to OS-level containers. This performance gap widens dramatically in nested virtualization scenarios, where secure containers run inside a VM. This paper proposes CKI (Container Kernel Isolation), a hardware-software co-design for efficient secure containers, based on two insights. First, Protection Keys for Supervisor (PKS) facilitates constructing a new privilege level for securely collocating multiple container kernels within the host kernel, without involving non-root ring-0. Second, the general-purpose virtualization mechanisms used by secure containers provide unnecessary features that exceed the actual isolation requirements of containers, especially the two-stage address translation, which is not required for container isolation, introducing avoidable performance overhead. Thus, CKI avoids using the virtualization hardware for running container kernels and removes the unnecessary virtualization mechanism like two-stage address translation. Instead, it uses PKS to construct a new privilege level for isolating multiple container kernels, which allows more efficient cross-privilege interaction;it also uses single-stage address translation for each container while monitoring the page table updates in a lightweight way to ensure cross-container memory isolation. Our experiments on real-world applications demonstrate the efficiency of CKI, reducing the latency of memory-intensive applications by up to 72% and 47% compared with state-of-the-art hardware-assisted virtualization (HVM) and software-based virtualization (PVM), respectively. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Virtualization

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PipeLLM: Fast and Confidential Large Language Model Services with Speculative Pipelined Encryption 25

PipeLLM: Fast and Confidential Large Language Model Services...

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30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating systems, ASPLOS 2025

作者： Tan, Yifan Tan, Cheng Mi, Zeyu Chen, Haibo Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems Seiee Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Northeastern University Boston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706981

Confidential computing on GPUs, like NVIDIA H100, mitigates the security risks of outsourced Large Language Models (LLMs) by implementing strong isolation and data encryption. Nonetheless, this encryption incurs a significant performance overhead, reaching up to 52.8% and 88.2% throughput drop when serving OPT-30B and OPT-66B, respectively. To address this challenge, we introduce PipeLLM, a user-transparent runtime system. PipeLLM removes the overhead by overlapping the encryption and GPU computation through pipelining-an idea inspired by the CPU instruction pipelining-thereby effectively concealing the latency increase caused by encryption. The primary technical challenge is that, unlike CPUs, the encryption module lacks prior knowledge of the specific data needing encryption until it is requested by the GPUs. To this end, we propose speculative pipelined encryption to predict the data requiring encryption by analyzing the serving patterns of LLMs. Further, we have developed an efficient, low-cost pipeline relinquishing approach for instances of incorrect predictions. Our experiments show that compared with vanilla systems without confidential computing (e.g., vLLM, PEFT, and FlexGen), PipeLLM incurs modest overhead ( © 2025 ACM.

关键词： Modeling languages

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Wireless-aware TSN Engineering: Implications for 5G and Upcoming 6G Networks

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IEEE Network 2025年第3期39卷 99-107页

作者： Egger, Simon Dürr, Frank Varga, Balazs Andrade, Marilet De Sharma, Gourav Prateek Sachs, Joachim Harmatos, János Gross, James University of Stuttgart Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems Germany Ericsson Research Budapest Hungary Ericsson Research Stockholm Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology EECS School Stockholm Sweden Ericsson Research Aachen Germany

The importance of time- and mission-critical applications is increasing as industries and society are advancing in their digitalization. As such applications introduce stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements on the underlying network infrastructure, open standards like TSN and DetNet are being developed to provide dependable and time-sensitive communication in bridged LAN networks and IP networks, respectively. More recently, the extension to support wireless time-sensitive connectivity has received special interest due to improved network deployment flexibility with mobile devices. These efforts have led to the standardized support of TSN/DetNet in 5G, allowing the 5G system and its mobile devices to be integrated transparently into TSN/DetNet networks while conforming to their user and control plane protocols. Nevertheless, the induced packet delays – and in particular the packet delay variations (PDVs) – of 5G are significantly larger than in their wired counterparts. In this work, we illustrate that established methods to configure TSN/DetNet networks insufficiently address major runtime uncertainties, and that they would consequently result in QoS impairments or scalability issues. We therefore advocate for two systematic approaches to improve traffic shaping in this setting: first, we propose Packet Delay Correction where the PDV is corrected within the 5G system. Second, we introduce "wireless-aware" TSN scheduling to account for the packet delay characteristics of 5G. We demonstrate that wireless-aware TSN scheduling and Packet Delay Correction are complementary in their design and can be combined to provide formal end-to-end reliability guarantees at scale. In addition, being a key aspect to support wireless-aware TSN scheduling in 5G and future 6G networks, we introduce a data-driven framework to predict the packet delay characteristics of the wireless systems over a finite time horizon. Finally, we identify open research questions in wireless-awar

关键词： Quality of service

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Securing Digital Integrity: Proposed Comprehensive Framework for Deepfake Detection and Blockchain Validation 5th

Securing Digital Integrity: Proposed Comprehensive Framework...

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5th International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber Security, IC4S 2023

作者： Jain, Anant Gaur, Adamya Gupta, Gauranshi Mishra, Shubhangi Johari, Rahul Vidyarthi, Deo Prakash Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Delhi India School of Computer and Systems Sciences Parallel and Distributed System Lab JNU Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819773701

This paper proposes a comprehensive solution to combat the growing threat of Deepfake technology, employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Blockchain. CNNs analyze video frames for anomalies indicative of Deepfake manipulation, while Blockchain ensures content integrity through timestamping and IPFS hashes. Leveraging transfer learning with EfficientNet-B1 architecture and dropout layers to prevent overfitting, the CNN model attains a 98.53% accuracy on testing data. Smart contracts are utilized to store social media content and AI verification results. The methodology integrates private storage on social media platforms, AI-based CNN verification, Blockchain timestamping, smart contract verification, and continuous improvement. By synergizing AI and Blockchain technologies, our approach aims to bolster defenses against deceptive content proliferation, enhancing the reliability of online media ecosystems. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Empowering Health Insurance with Personalization: A Comprehensive Architecture Leveraging Federated Learning and BlockChain

Empowering Health Insurance with Personalization: A Comprehe...

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International Conference on Advances and Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, ICAAAIML 2023

作者： Jain, Anant Gupta, Gauranshi Johari, Rahul Vidyarthi, Deo Prakash Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Delhi India School of Computer and Systems Sciences Parallel and Distributed System Lab JNU Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819795062

Historically, the health insurance domain has adhered to uniform premium pricing structures, often sidelining the distinct health nuances of each policyholder. Such broad-brush approaches can result in misaligned premiums, not truly reflective of individual health dynamics. Venturing into uncharted territories, this study proposes an innovative fusion of Federated Machine Learning (FML) and BlockChain methodologies to recalibrate health insurance pricing. FML, a cutting-edge evolution in the machine learning sphere, emphasizes decentralized data processing. By harnessing FML, timely insights can be gathered that mirror an individual’s health trajectory. This continuous insight generation facilitates agile adjustments to insurance premiums, ensuring they resonate with real-time health conditions. BlockChain’s decentralized ledger system acts as the bedrock of this model. Each premium modification, steered by FML-derived insights, is indelibly etched onto the BlockChain. This architecture not only masters transparency but also instills a heightened sense of trust, given the unalterable nature of BlockChain entries. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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EFFICIENT PARTITION-OF-UNITY RADIAL-BASIS-FUNCTION INTERPOLATION FOR COUPLED PROBLEMS

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SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 2025年第2期47卷 B558-B582页

作者： Schneider, David Uekermann, Benjamin Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany

Mapping of data between nonmatching meshes is a key ingredient of multiphysics simulations. Black-box data mapping, which only operates on clouds of mesh vertices without connectivity, enables modular software environments. In this paper, we develop such a black-box approach that is capable of handling very large data sets on parallel systems. More precisely, we implement partition-of-unity radial-basis-function interpolation into the coupling library preCICE. The method tackles the data mapping problem by decomposing it into smaller, independent subproblems, which makes it well-suited for parallel computing. To this end, we develop a tailor-made clustering algorithm and study numerical details to ensure robustness and accuracy. We, moreover, deduce user-friendly mapping parameters for which we determine robust default values. Tests on real-world geometries show that the method is scalable and orders of magnitude more efficient than previous data mapping in preCICE. Consequently, the implementation greatly extends the applicability of preCICE, benefiting the library's large user community. © 2025 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

关键词： Mesh generation

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Streamlining SIMD ISA Extensions with Takum Arithmetic: A Case Study on Intel AVX10.2

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hunhold, Laslo Parallel and Distributed Systems Group University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Modern microprocessors extend their instruction set architecture (ISA) with Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) operations to improve performance. The Intel Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) enhance the x86 ISA and are widely supported in Intel and AMD processors. The latest version, AVX10.2, places a strong emphasis on low-precision, non-standard floating-point formats, including bfloat16 and E4M3/E5M2 float8 (OCP 8-bit Floating Point, OFP8), primarily catering to deep learning applications rather than general-purpose arithmetic. However, as these formats remain within the IEEE 754 framework, they inherit its limitations, introducing inconsistencies and added complexity into the ISA. This paper examines the recently proposed tapered-precision takum floating-point format, which has been shown to offer significant advantages over IEEE 754 and its derivatives as a general-purpose number format. Using AVX10.2 as a case study, the paper explores the potential benefits of replacing the multitude of floating-point formats with takum as a uniform basis. The results indicate a more consistent instruction set, improving readability and flexibility while offering potential for 8- and 16-bit general-purpose SIMD arithmetic. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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A HPX Communication Benchmark: distributed FFT using Collectives

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Strack, Alexander Pflüger, Dirk Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70569 Germany

Due to increasing core counts in modern processors, several task-based runtimes emerged, including the C++ Standard Library for Concurrency and parallelism (HPX). Although the asynchronous many-task runtime HPX allows implicit communication via an Active Global Address Space, it also supports explicit collective operations. Collectives are an efficient way to realize complex communication patterns. In this work, we benchmark the TCP, MPI, and LCI communication backends of HPX, which are called parcelports in HPX terms. We use a distributed multi-dimensional FFT application relying on collectives. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the HPX all-to-all and scatter collectives against an FFTW3 reference based on MPI+X on a 16-node cluster. Of the three parcelports, LCI performed best for both scatter and all-to-all collectives. Furthermore, the LCI parcelport was up to factor 3 faster than the MPI+X reference. Our results highlight the potential of message abstractions and the parcelports of HPX. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： C++ (programming language)

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Proximity-based service discovery for distributed digital twin systems

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-24页

作者： Rothermel, Kurt Herzog, Otthein Zhiqiang, Siegfried Wu Institute Of Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Universitaetsstr. 38 Stuttgart70569 Germany College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai200092 China Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen Bibliothekstrasse 5 Bremen23884 Germany

Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in interest in digital twin (DT) technology in a variety of domains. While research on DTs of single assets was initially prevalent, there has been a notable shift towards distributed systems of DTs, which connect to each other to collaborate. Typically, collaboration is enabled by DTs providing services that can be consumed by other DTs. In service-oriented systems, a service is typically identified by type information. However, this is not sufficient in distributed DT systems, where DTs associated with different physical entities may provide the same type of service. Consequently, selecting the appropriate service depends not only on the service type, but also on the associated physical entity. However, requiring DTs to know the mapping of services to their physical environment is not feasible for large dynamic systems. This paper presents a novel proximity-based service discovery method that allows DTs to select services based on service type and their proximity to other objects. That is, service specifications are fully abstracted from the mapping of services to physical objects, relieving DTs from maintaining information about this mapping. Furthermore, service discovery is robust to changes in the physical environment and service population. The proposed service discovery method has been implemented on top of a spatial DBMS. We argue that this implementation is optimal in terms of network utilization and latency, and perform comprehensive evaluations to show the performance of discovery queries as a function of their complexity. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Location based services

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