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IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications

作者： M. Boulkenafed B. Hughes R. Meier G. Biegel V. Cahill Department of Computer Science Distributed Systems Group Dublin Ireland

Context-aware applications rely on the ability to perceive the state of the surrounding environment. In this paper, we address a class of such applications where real-time guarantees are required on top of mobile ad hoc networks. While guaranteed timeliness is a critical requirement, the unpredictability of dynamic wireless networks adversely impacts such guarantees. Therefore, we identify the challenges and the requirements on different architectural levels in order to provide timeliness guarantees. None of the existing systems have succeeded in providing adequate solutions to all of the identified requirements. Therefore, we describe a cross-layer architecture that supports the development of real-time context-aware applications for wireless networks, in particular, ad hoc networks. This cross-layer architecture is based on three main components. (i) Sentient objects - mobile intelligent software agents that extract, interpret and use context information. (ii) Event-based real-time middleware supports communication between sentient objects and provides hard real-time guarantees within adaptable geographic spaces. (iii) A real-time routing and resource reservation protocol attempts to discover and maintain real-time constrained routes within these proximities in a multi-hop ad hoc network

关键词： Wireless networks computer architecture Context Ad hoc networks Mobile ad hoc networks Application software Intelligent agent Intelligent networks Software agents Data mining

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Building the data warehouse of frequent itemsets in the DWFIST approach

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15th International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent systems, ISMIS 2005

作者： Monteiro, Rodrigo Salvador Zimbrão, Geraldo Schwarz, Holger Mitschang, Bernhard De Souza, Jano Moreira Computer Science Department Graduate School of Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro PO Box 68511 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute f. Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Universitaetsstr. 38 70569 Stuttgart Germany Computer Science Department Institute of Mathematics UFRJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)3540258787

Some data mining tasks can produce such great amounts of data that we have to cope with a new knowledge management problem. Frequent itemset mining fits in this category. Different approaches were proposed to handle or avoid somehow this problem. All of them have problems and limitations. In particular, most of them need the original data during the analysis phase, which is not feasible for data streams. The DWFIST (Data Warehouse of Frequent ItemSets Tactics) approach aims at providing a powerful environment for the analysis of itemsets and derived patterns, such as association rules, without accessing the original data during the analysis phase. This approach is based on a Data Warehouse of Frequent Itemsets. It provides frequent itemsets in a flexible and efficient way as well as a standardized logical view upon which analytical tools can be developed. This paper presents how such a data warehouse can be built. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Data warehouses

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Power Management for Stationary Machines in a Pervasive Computing Environment

Power Management for Stationary Machines in a Pervasive Comp...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： C. Harris V. Cahill Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Ireland

This paper examines effective power management of users' stationary desktop PCs in a pervasive computing office environment. The objective being to minimise the building's electricity consumption while maintaining acceptable desktop PC performance. Current state of the art power management is focused on developing polices for mobile devices, which are ineffective for stationary machines. Effective stationary policies need to obtain context from the user of the machine, but there is a balance between what detail of context is necessary and how much this extra context costs both monetarily and energy wise. We have implemented two location aware policies which detect presence of the user's Bluetooth enabled mobile phone. Trial results indicate that with these policies it is possible to get within 8% of optimal energy consumption with little performance degrade. However, this is the best case and the results are dependent on the user's usage patterns and the geographical layout of the office.

关键词： Energy management Environmental management Pervasive computing Energy consumption Power system management Personal communication networks Costs Bluetooth Mobile handsets Degradation

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Exploiting user behaviour for context-aware power management

Exploiting user behaviour for context-aware power management

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IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications (WiMob)

作者： C. Harris V. Cahill Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Ireland

With more and more computing devices being deployed in buildings there has been a steady rise in buildings' electricity consumption. At the same time there is a pressing need to reduce overall building energy consumption. Pervasive computing could further exacerbate this problem but it could also provide a solution. Context information (e.g., user location) likely to be available in pervasive computing environments could enable highly effective device power management. The objective of such context-aware power management (CAPM) is to minimise the overall electricity consumption of a building while maintaining acceptable user-perceived device performance. To investigate the potential of CAPM we conducted experimental trials for two simple location-aware power management policies. Our results highlight the presence of two distinct user behaviour patterns but also show that location alone is not enough for effective power management. We therefore propose a CAPM framework that employs Bayesian networks to support prediction of user behaviour patterns from multi-modal sensor data for effective power management. We further propose the use of acoustic data as an interesting context for predicting finer-grained user behaviour. The paper presents an initial evaluation of the resulting framework.

关键词： Energy management Energy consumption Pervasive computing Power system management computer network management Costs Pressing Bayesian methods Hard disks Battery management systems

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Flexible application rights management in a pervasive environment

Flexible application rights management in a pervasive enviro...

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IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service

作者： I. Dusparic D. Dahlem J. Dowling Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Ireland

The development and wider use of wireless networks and mobile devices has led to novel pervasive computing environments which pose new problems for software rights management and enforcement on resource-constrained and occasionally connected devices. Software vendors are, however, still applying old usage rights models to a platform where application rights will be specified, managed and distributed in new and different ways. The characteristics of pervasive environments, such as occasional connectivity, require the introduction of more flexible usage rights models, such as audit-based model, that do not assume the availability of network connections. In this paper we describe a pervasive application rights management architecture for both desktop and mobile applications that provides an integrated platform for the specification, generation, delivery, and management of application usage rights based on Web services standards. We also introduce flexible usage rights models required by pervasive environments that can be embedded in target applications using aspect-oriented technology.

关键词： Environmental management Application software Wireless networks Mobile computing Pervasive computing computer network management Resource management Software development management Service oriented architecture Web services

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A framework for integrating existing and novel intelligent transportation systems

A framework for integrating existing and novel intelligent t...

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： R. Meier A. Harrington V. Cahill Distributed Systems Group in the Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Efficient use and re-use of traffic data depends on an ITS architecture that enables information sharing across a wide variety of intelligent transportation systems and applications. Existing ITS architectures, such as KAREN or the national ITS architecture, can be used to develop systems within a given framework thereby facilitating such inter-system integration. However, these architectures typically include assumptions regarding the overall organization of system functionality that prohibit integration of previously deployed systems without major reengineering. This paper presents a framework for an ITS architecture that has been designed for integrating novel as well as existing intelligent transportation systems and applications. The iTransIT framework supports a number of possible systems interaction paradigms and proposes a layered data model to facilitate data exchange between systems with diverse service requirements and functional organizations. These data layers are defined within a common context model, may be distributed across multiple systems, and exploit the overlapping temporal and spatial aspects of information generated and used by both legacy and future systems.

关键词： Intelligent transportation systems Data models Telecommunication traffic Traffic control Cities and towns Standards organizations Context modeling Councils computer science computer architecture

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Designing usable decision support systems for HVM

Designing usable decision support systems for HVM

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： C. Upton G. Doherty Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Ireland

In high volume manufacturing (HVM), system control is shared between automation and human workers. The social organisation of workers plays an important role in supporting human decisions. Advances in the application of automation to a system, may change the social organisation associated with its operation. It establishes new work roles with broader information demands that require advanced decision support systems (DSS). Visualisation tools have been shown to improve decision-making in many situations. While guidelines exist for the visual representation of quantitative data, no methodology exists for displaying complex information structures. We apply cognitive work analysis (CWA) to a semiconductor HVM plant to derive a model of its information structures. This is a first step towards the creation of an interactive visual DSS. A number of modifications to CWA techniques are made to accommodate the complexity of HVM

关键词： Decision support systems Manufacturing automation Humans Automatic control Control systems Production Psychology computer science Educational institutions Application software

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A context-aware trust-based security system for ad hoc networks

A context-aware trust-based security system for ad hoc netwo...

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Workshop of the International Conference on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communication Networks (SecureComm Workshop)

作者： M. Moloney S. Weber Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) comprise computer nodes which communicate over wireless links without any central control. Therefore, they must be able to make fully autonomous security decisions. This introduces new security challenges that existing security models and mechanisms do not adequately address (Campbell, 2002). In this paper we present a trust-based security system that deals with the specific challenges of MANETs by combining decentralised security management and context-aware computing. With this combination, our trust-based security system can establish appropriate trust levels for every situation.

关键词： Ad hoc networks Pervasive computing Information security computer networks computer security Mobile computing Proposals Context computer science Educational institutions

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Event handling for the universal enterprise

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Information Technology and Management 2005年第1期6卷 123-148页

作者： Cilia, Mariano Bornhövd, Christof Buchmann, Alejandro P. Databases/Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science Darmstadt University of Technology 64289 Darmstadt Hochschulstr. 10 Germany Faculty of Sciences UNICEN Tandil Argentina IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose CA United States

Current trends in the global economy are leading to inter-enterprise interactions and to new business models that depend on the timely notification of events and the reaction to them. In this paper we present a distributed reactive middleware that supports the proactive notification of events in heterogeneous environments. The infrastructure consists of a publish/subscribe notification mechanism and a reactive functionality. We represent events that may originate from heterogeneous sources together with their ontology-based context metadata to make them self-describing beyond the boundaries of the event source. We introduce the notion of concept-based addressing to publish/subscribe systems. Concept-based addressing allows us to express subscriptions to events according to different contexts than those of the published events and yet match them successfully. By using ontologies and context definitions consistently for events, notifications, subscriptions and reactions we provide the necessary support for event handling in global enterprises. © 2005 Springer science + Business Media, Inc.

关键词： Business rules Event handling Event-based applications Publish/subscribe Reactive service Semantic data integration

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Flexible particle swarm optimization tasks for reconfigurable processor arrays

Flexible particle swarm optimization tasks for reconfigurabl...

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed Processing (IPDPS)

作者： S. Janson M. Middendorf Parallel Computing and Complex Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany

Multi-task parallel processor arrays are a common machine architecture in which, typically, the tasks running in parallel occupy disjoint subarrays of the machine. On dynamically and partially reconfigurable processor arrays the tasks can be changed during run time. This is useful for online scenarios when the relative importance of tasks might change and therefore the assignment of computational resources to the tasks should be changed. Examples are optimization tasks in an online scenario in which the results of some tasks are needed earlier than expected at initialization. For such tasks the size of their subarrays must be increased because they need more computational resources to speed up. In this paper we design flexible particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms for 2-dimensional reconfigurable processor arrays where the algorithms can change their size and have good optimization behaviour. Since PSO is an iterative, individual-based optimization algorithm that relies upon interactions of neighbouring particles suitable for fine-grained parallel architectures. We propose a dynamic 2-dimensional hierarchical ordering of the particles within a tasks subarray so that the best particles are concentrated in the center. This gives the best particles the strongest influence on the swarm. A further advantage is that size reductions of the tasks can easily be done by cutting off the outer parts of the swarm which contain mainly the less good particles. It is experimentally shown that the proposed algorithms perform better than standard PSO algorithms under conditions with varying supply of computing resources that are available for the tasks. Moreover, also for conditions with constant supply of processing resources and no need for size changes the proposed algorithms perform well.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization Iterative algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Ant colony optimization parallel processing computer science computer architecture Design optimization parallel architectures Adaptive arrays

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