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30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, IUI 2025

作者： Hao, Chenxu Matej Hrkalovic, Tiffany Balliet, Daniel Hung, Hayley Dudzik, Bernd Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Jheronimus Academy of Data Science 's-Hertogenbosch Netherlands Tilburg University Tilburg Netherlands Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Intelligent Systems Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Intelligent Systems/Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713064

As intelligent technology and applications have become an integral part of nearly all aspects of people's daily lives, many intelligent systems have been designed to help people navigate the complex space of social interactions. One prominent strategy for such intelligent support is providing meaningful Ad Hoc Interventions (ADI), e.g., through timely notifications. An alternative is technology-Supported Reflection (TSR), e.g., by offering information about activities in one's past for personal insights. In contrast to straight-up interventions, the aim of the latter strategy is not to directly augment human skills but instead support learning and personal growth over time. However, while TSR has seen widespread interest in applications in some areas, such as physical fitness and mental health, its use for improving human social interactions has not yet been systematically explored. Concretely, it is currently unclear 1) what forms of self-reflection systems intend to support, 2) how their different technological components (e.g., data collection, information integration) are involved in providing support, and 3) what common limitations and design challenges they face. In this article, we present the results of a systematic literature review focusing on these questions to provide a structured foundation for targeted research. Concretely, we identified and analysed a collection of 23 relevant papers, each describing a system deploying TSR to support humans with elements of social *** constructed a framework with a set of features to comprehensively describe and analyze the systems that support self-reflection, including their application domains, how they fit into the existing design framework, how they facilitate learning through reflection, how adaptive they are to individual users, and how they were evaluated. Finally, we propose a direction for designing systems that support individual's social interactions through self-reflection in an adaptive manne

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Irregular measurement times in estimating time-varying treatment effects: Categorizing biases and comparing adjustment methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kant, Wouter M.R. Krijthe, Jesse H. Institute for Computing and Information Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands Pattern recognition & Bioinformatics Group EEMCS Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

To estimate the causal effect of treatments that vary over time from observational data, one must adjust for time-varying confounding. A common procedure to address confounding is the use of inverse probability of treatment weighting methods. However, the timing of covariate measurements is often irregular, which may introduce additional confounding bias as well as selection bias into the causal effect estimate. Two reweighting methods have been proposed to adjust for these biases: time-as-confounder and reweighting by measurement time. However, it is currently not well understood in which situations these irregularly timed measurements induce bias, and how the available reweighting methods compare to each other in different situations. In this work, we provide a complete inventarization of all possible backdoor paths through which bias is induced. Based on these paths, we distinguish three categories of confounding bias by measurement time: direct confounding (DC), confounding through measured variables (CMV), and confounding through unmeasured variables (CUV). These categories differ in the assumptions and reweighting methods necessary to adjust for bias and may occur simultaneously with selection bias. Through simulation studies, we illustrate: 1. Reweighting by measurement time may be used to adjust for selection bias and confounding through measured variables;2. Time-as-confounder may be used to adjust for all categories of confounding bias, but not selection bias;3. In some cases, the use of a combination of both techniques may be used to adjust for both confounding and selection bias. We finally apply the categorization and reweighting methods on the pre-DIVA1 data set. Adjusting for measurement times is crucial in order to avoid bias, and the categorization of biases and techniques that we introduce may help researchers to choose the appropriate analysis. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

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Comparative validation of handheld fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements

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Expert Review of Medical Devices 2025年

作者： van Deelen, Sanne Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien A. Hendriks, Rudi W. Reinders, Marcel J. T. Braunstahl, Gert-Jan Department of pulmonology Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Rotterdam Netherlands Department of pulmonology Erasmus MC Rotterdam Netherlands Pattern recognition & bioinformatics Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Department of pediatrics Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Rotterdam Netherlands

Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noninvasive method to determine the degree of airway inflammation. Handheld devices such as the Vivatmo Me are used for home monitoring. Differences were found between the Vivatmo Me and standard measurements with the NIOX VERO. Therefore, we aimed to determine the accuracy of the Vivatmo Me for FeNO measurements. Methods: Adult patients with an appointment for FeNO-measurement according to regular care, were invited to perform the FeNO measurement with both devices. From these measurements the FeNO values were compared, and the device user-friendliness was determined. Results: One hundred and sixty-four patients were included. The number of attempts needed for a successful measurement and the failure rate were higher with the Vivatmo Me. Although the measurements were highly correlated, a significant difference (p © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Asthma asthma-COPD-overlap syndrome chronic obstructive pulmonary disease fractional exhaled nitric oxide handheld devices

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IMAGE-PROCESSING WITH PERSONAL COMPUTERS

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SIGNAL PROCESSING 1988年第3期15卷 279-291页

作者： GROEN, CA EKKERS, RJ DEVRIES, R Pattern Recognition Group Department of Applied Physics Delft University of Technology 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands

Modern powerful personal computers, having memory sizes in the megabyte range are well suited for interactive image processing. User-friendly low-cost systems can strongly stimulate a widespread use of image processing. Aspects necessary for such systems are discussed: • The necessary image processing elements for such systems, • user interaction; command interpreter, macro command system and Window Management System. Two existing packages are described: TIM, which runs on an IBM personal computer and makes use of a commercially available frame grabber, and AIM, an educational (public domain) image processing package, which was originally developed for the Atari ST computer. Both packages share the philosophy that certain facilities are needed for an image processing program to be useful. Their origin is common: the pattern recognition group of the university of technology in delft. They differ in certain implementational aspects, but demonstrate clearly the possibilities of image processing with PCs. Moderne Personal Computer mit Speichergröβen im Megabytebereich sind geeignet für interaktive Bildverarbeitung. Benutzerfreundliche Systeme niedriger Kosten könne eine universelle Anwendung der Bildverarbeitung unterstützen. Zwei Aspekte solcher Systeme werden im Folgenden diskutiert: • die notwendigen Bildverarbeitungselemente, und • die Benutzerkommunikation; der Kommandointerpreter, das Makrokommandosystem und das System der Bildschirmverwaltung. Zwei existierende Programmpakete werden beschrieben: TIM, das auf einem IBM Personal Computer lauffähig ist und kommerziell erhältliche Bildaufnahmeeinheiten benutzt und AIM, ein Programmpaket zur Bildverarbeitung für Ausbildungszwecke (allgemeiner Zugriff), das ursprünglich für einen Atari ST Computer entwickelt wurde. Beiden Programmpaketen liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, daβ Bildverarbeitungsprogramme bestimmte Eigenschaften haben müssen, um sinnvoll eingesetzt werden zu können. Beide Programmpakete besitzen einen gemeinsame

关键词： Image processing low cost personal computers user interface

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AN ALGORITHM FOR BENCHMARKING AN SIMD PYRAMID WITH THE ABINGDON CROSS

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pattern recognition LETTERS 1990年第7期11卷 501-506页

作者： TEEUW, WB DUIN, RPW Pattern Recognition Group Faculty of Applied Physics Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

Benchmarking an SIMD pyramid with the Abingdon Cross is discussed. Measured results for a simulated pyramid architecture on a CLIP4 processor array are presented, as well as estimates for a hypothetical hardware pyram... 详细信息

关键词： Abingdon Cross CLIP4 pyramid simulation pyramids SIMD processor array

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THE VECTOR DISTANCE TRANSFORM IN 2 AND 3 DIMENSIONS

CVGIP-GRAPHICAL MODELS AND IMAGE PROCESSING

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CVGIP-GRAPHICAL MODELS AND IMAGE PROCESSING 1992年第6期54卷 526-535页

作者： MULLIKIN, JC Pattern Recognition Group Faculty of Applied Physics Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

The application of the distance transform (DT) to three-dimensional image data, collected, for example, by a confocal scanning laser microscope, requires special modifications to account for the possible anisotropic nature of these images. If anisotropic sampling is not properly accounted for, large errors can occur when simple image processing and image analysis operations related to the DT, such as erosions, dilations, skeletonizations, and distance measurements, are performed. This paper presents a simple, relatively fast way to account for this problem that is suitable for the large sizes typically associated with 3-D images.

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SHADING FROM SHAPE, THE EIKONAL EQUATION SOLVED BY GRAY-WEIGHTED DISTANCE TRANSFORM

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pattern recognition LETTERS 1990年第10期11卷 681-690页

作者： VERBEEK, PW VERWER, BJH Pattern Recognition Group Faculty of Applied Physics Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

For an optical or acoustical wavefront running through a medium of space variant refraction index the eikonal equation connects local front arrival time with local refraction index. So-called difference approximation methods are known for solving the spatial wavefront development with time and thus, indirectly, the eikonal equation. Here a novel fast method for the calculation of an approximative solution of the eikonal equation is proposed. From literature it is known that by solving an eikonal equation one can construct a line pattern rendition of a given image. We have generalized this method and made it fit for line engravings. We have found yet another kind of image display based on solving an eikonal equation: shading from shape. We propose to construct a matte 3-D surface (shape) that, when illuminated perpendicularly and imaged in eye or camera, yields a grey value (shading, luminance) field that renders the image. Both methods have been applied in a recent design for a Dutch coin.

关键词： Banknotes coins display distance transform eikonal equation graphics line pattern shading shape

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Time-independent disease state identification defines distinct trajectories determined by localised vs systemic inflammation in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis

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Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2025年

作者： Steinz, Nils Maarseveen, Tjardo D. van den Akker, Erik B. Cope, Andrew P. Isaacs, John D. Winkler, Aaron R. Huizinga, Tom W. J. Abraham, Yann Knevel, Rachel Department of Rheumatology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden Netherlands Leiden Computational Biology Centre Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands The Delft Bioinformatics Lab Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Centre for Rheumatic Diseases School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London United Kingdom Musculoskeletal Unit Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit Pfizer Inc Cambridge MA United States Janssen Research and Development Beerse Belgium Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom

Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) display different trajectories towards improvement of disease. We aimed to disentangle the heterogeneity of RA disease trajectories from the first clinical visit onwards using graph-based pseudotime analysis. Methods: We studied early patients with RA over 1.5 years in 2 data sets: Leiden (Netherlands), n = 1237, with 5017 visits, and Towards a Cure for Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (TACERA) (United Kingdom), n = 243, with 750 visits. We created a pipeline for time-independent clustering of clinical and haematologic features to identify disease states. Sequence analyses of these states defined the trajectories. We studied the predictability of the trajectories with baseline features. Results: Clustering identified 8 disease states with localised inflammation (joints) and systemic inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] or leucocytes) as the main discriminating factors. The disease state sequences consisted of 4 trajectories, which we independently replicated in TACERA: A, high ESR;B, rapid progression from many inflamed joints towards remission;C, high leucocytes;and D, many inflamed joints with poor prognosis. Systemic vs local inflammation patterns showed moderate predictability at baseline (sensitivity of 71% and precision of 0.73 for trajectory A, although lower precision of 0.52 for trajectory B), while other trajectories were less predictable. Trajectories C and D had strong resemblance with B at baseline but deteriorated into less favourable trajectories. Patients in trajectory A were more often female and on average older. The trajectories were not explained by time till disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, baseline disease activity, or symptom duration. The suboptimal trajectories coincided with worse patient-reported outcomes, even when the inflammation was mainly systemic. Conclusions: We identified 4 distinct trajectories in early RA, differentiating RA into localised vs systemic inflammation.

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SPIROGRAPH THEORY - A FRAMEWORK FOR CALCULATIONS ON DIGITIZED STRAIGHT-LINES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON pattern ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 1984年第5期6卷 632-639页

作者： DORST, L DUIN, RPW Pattern Recognition Group Department of Applied Physics. Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands

Using diagrams called ``spirographs"" a general theory is developed with which one can easily perform calculations on various aspects of digitized straight lines. The mathematics of the theory establishes a link between digitized straight lines and the theory of numbers (Farey series, continued fractions). To show that spirograph theory is a useful unification, we derive two previously known advanced results within the framework of the theory, and new results concerning the accuracy in position of a digitized straight line as a function of its slope and length.

关键词： Detectors Object detection pattern classification Image analysis Calculus Stochastic processes Mathematics Graphics Image processing Image segmentation Author Keywords image processing Computer graphics continued fractions digitized straight lines digitization error Farey series

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Robust Gram embeddings

Robust Gram embeddings

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2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2016

作者： Kekeç, Taygun Tax, D.M.J. Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Laboratory Delft University of Technology Delft2628CD Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781945626258

Word embedding models learn vectorial word representations that can be used in a variety of NLP applications. When training data is scarce, these models risk losing their generalization abilities due to the complexity of the models and the overfitting to finite data. We propose a regularized embedding formulation, called Robust Gram (RG), which penalizes overfitting by suppressing the disparity between target and context embeddings. Our experimental analysis shows that the RG model trained on small datasets generalizes better compared to alternatives, is more robust to variations in the training set, and correlates well to human similarities in a set of word similarity tasks. © 2016 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Embeddings

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