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Vector space models for phrase-based machine translation 8

Vector space models for phrase-based machine translation

引用

8th Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation, SSST 2014

作者： Alkhouli, Tamer Guta, Andreas Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Spoken Language Processing Group Univ. Paris-Sud France LIMSI/CNRS Orsay France

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284961

This paper investigates the application of vector space models (VSMs) to the standard phrase-based machine translation pipeline. VSMs are models based on continuous word representations embedded in a vector space. We exploit word vectors to augment the phrase table with new inferred phrase pairs. This helps reduce out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. In addition, we present a simple way to learn bilingually-constrained phrase vectors. The phrase vectors are then used to provide additional scoring of phrase pairs, which fits into the standard log-linear framework of phrase-based statistical machine translation. Both methods result in significant improvements over a competitive in-domain baseline applied to the Arabic-to-English task of IWSLT 2013. © 2014 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Vectors

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Translation modeling with bidirectional recurrent neural networks

Translation modeling with bidirectional recurrent neural net...

引用

2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language Processing, EMNLP 2014

作者： Sundermeyer, Martin Alkhouli, Tamer Wuebker, Joern Ney, Hermann Human Language Technology Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Spoken Language Processing Group Univ. Paris-Sud France LIMSI/CNRS Orsay France

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284961

This work presents two different translation models using recurrent neural networks. The first one is a word-based approach using word alignments. Second, we present phrase-based translation models that are more consistent with phrasebased decoding. Moreover, we introduce bidirectional recurrent neural models to the problem of machine translation, allowing us to use the full source sentence in our models, which is also of theoretical interest. We demonstrate that our translation models are capable of improving strong baselines already including recurrent neural language models on three tasks: IWSLT 2013 German!English, BOLT Arabic!English and Chinese!English. We obtain gains up to 1.6% BLEU and 1.7% TER by rescoring 1000-best lists. © 2014 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Cipher type detection

Cipher type detection

引用

2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language Processing, EMNLP 2014

作者： Nuhn, Malte Knight, Kevin Computer Science Department Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Germany Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781937284961

Manual analysis and decryption of enciphered documents is a tedious and error prone work. Often-even after spending large amounts of time on a particular cipher-no decipherment can be found. Automating the decryption of various types of ciphers makes it possible to sift through the large number of encrypted messages found in libraries and archives, and to focus human effort only on a small but potentially interesting subset of them. In this work, we train a classifier that is able to predict which encipherment method has been used to generate a given ciphertext. We are able to distinguish 50 different cipher types (specified by the American Cryptogram Association) with an accuracy of 58.5%. This is a 11.2% absolute improvement over the best previously published classifier. © 2014 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Cryptography

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The RWTH Large Vocabulary Arabic Handwriting recognition System

The RWTH Large Vocabulary Arabic Handwriting Recognition Sys...

引用

IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS

作者： Mahdi Hamdani Patrick Doetsch Michal Kozielski Amr El-Desoky Mousa Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Germany

This paper describes the RWTH system for large vocabulary Arabic handwriting recognition. The recognizer is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with state of the art methods for visual/language modeling and decoding. The feature extraction is based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) which estimate the posterior distribution over the character labels for each observation. Discriminative training using the Minimum Phone Error (MPE) criterion is used to train the HMMs. The recognition is done with the help of n-gram language Models (LMs) trained using in-domain text data. Unsupervised writer adaptation is also performed using the Constrained Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (CMLLR) feature adaptation. The RWTH Arabic handwriting recognition system gave competitive results in previous handwriting recognition competitions. The used techniques allows to improve the performance of the system participating in the OpenHaRT 2013 evaluation.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Handwriting recognition Feature extraction Training Vocabulary Speech recognition Context

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Towards Unsupervised Learning for Handwriting recognition

Towards Unsupervised Learning for Handwriting Recognition

引用

International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting recognition

作者： Michal Kozielski Malte Nuhn Patrick Doetsch Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

We present a method for training an off-line handwriting recognition system in an unsupervised manner. For an isolated word recognition task, we are able to bootstrap the system without any annotated data. We then retrain the system using the best hypothesis from a previous recognition pass in an iterative fashion. Our approach relies only on a prior language model and does not depend on an explicit segmentation of words into characters. The resulting system shows a promising performance on a standard dataset in comparison to a system trained in a supervised fashion for the same amount of training data.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Training Vocabulary Error analysis Handwriting recognition Training data Ciphers

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Fine-Grained Visual Categorization with 2D-Warping

Fine-Grained Visual Categorization with 2D-Warping

引用

International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Harald Hanselmann Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

The task of fine-grained visual categorization is related to both general object recognition and specialized tasks such as face recognition. Hence, we propose to combine two methods popular for general object recognition and face recognition to build a new model-free system for fine-grained visual categorization. Specifically, we use Local Naive-Bayes Nearest Neighbor as a pre-selection method and 2D-Warping as a refinement step. For the latter, we explore different ways to use the alignments computed by a 2D-Warping algorithm for classification. We demonstrate the performance of our approach on the CUB200-2011 database and show that our approach outperforms the recognition accuracy of current state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Training Accuracy Visualization Face recognition Databases Birds Feature extraction

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Multilingual Off-Line Handwriting recognition in Real-World Images

Multilingual Off-Line Handwriting Recognition in Real-World ...

引用

IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS

作者： Michal Kozielski Patrick Doetsch Mahdi Hamdani Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

We propose a state-of-the-art system for recognizing real-world handwritten images exposing a huge degree of noise and a high out-of-vocabulary rate. We describe methods for successful image demising, line removal, deskewing, deslanting, and text line segmentation. We demonstrate how to use a HMM-based recognition system to obtain competitive results, and how to further improve it using LSTM neural networks in the tandem approach. The final system outperforms other approaches on a new dataset for English and French handwriting. The presented framework scales well across other standard datasets.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Handwriting recognition Standards Training Image segmentation Vocabulary Algorithm design and analysis

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Offline Features for Classifying Handwritten Math Symbols with Recurrent Neural Networks

Offline Features for Classifying Handwritten Math Symbols wi...

引用

International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Francisco Álvaro Joan-Andreu Sánchez José-Miguel Benedí Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technologies Universitat Politècnica de València Spain

In mathematical expression recognition, symbol classification is a crucial step. Numerous approaches for recognizing handwritten math symbols have been published, but most of them are either an online approach or a hybrid approach. There is an absence of a study focused on offline features for handwritten math symbol recognition. Furthermore, many papers provide results difficult to compare. In this paper we assess the performance of several well-known offline features for this task. We also test a novel set of features based on polar histograms and the vertical repositioning method for feature extraction. Finally, we report and analyze the results of several experiments using recurrent neural networks on a large public database of online handwritten math expressions. The combination of online and offline features significantly improved the recognition rate.

关键词： Feature extraction Text recognition Vectors Handwriting recognition Hidden Markov models Databases Training

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Improvement of Context Dependent Modeling for Arabic Handwriting recognition

Improvement of Context Dependent Modeling for Arabic Handwri...

引用

International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting recognition

作者： Mahdi Hamdani Patrick Doetsch Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

This paper proposes the improvement of context dependent modeling for Arabic handwriting recognition. Since the number of parameters in context dependent models is huge, CART trees are used for state tying. This work is based on a new set of questions for the CART tree construction based on a "lossy mapping" categorization of the Arabic shapes. The used system is a combination of Hidden Markov Models and Recurrent Neural Networks using the hybrid approach. A comparison between a Neural network trained using the baseline labels and another one based on the CART tree labels is done. The experimental results show that the use of the CART labels for the Neural Network training beneficial. The lossy mapping based CART tree performed better than the baseline system. An absolute improvement of 2.9% in terms of Word Error Rate is performed on the test set of the Open Hart database.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Context Handwriting recognition Context modeling Training Shape Speech recognition

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RASR/NN: THE RWTH NEURAL NETWORK TOOLKIT FOR SPEECH recognition

RASR/NN: THE RWTH NEURAL NETWORK TOOLKIT FOR SPEECH RECOGNIT...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Simon Wiesler Alexander Richard Pavel Golik Ralf Schluter Hermann Ney Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Computer Science Department RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928941

This paper describes the new release of RASR - the open source version of the well-proven speech recognition toolkit developed and used at RWTH Aachen University. The focus is put on the implementation of the NN module for training neural network acoustic models. We describe code design, configuration, and features of the NN module. The key feature is a high flexibility regarding the network topology, choice of activation functions, training criteria, and optimization algorithm, as well as a built-in support for efficient GPU computing. The evaluation of run-time performance and recognition accuracy is performed exemplary with a deep neural network as acoustic model in a hybrid NN/HMM system. The results show that RASR achieves a state-of-the-art performance on a real-world large vocabulary task, while offering a complete pipeline for building and applying large scale speech recognition systems.

关键词： Speech recognition Acoustic models Neural network runtime performance Optimization algorithms speech recognition system Buildings

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