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International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Q. Huang A.K. Jain G.C. Stockman A.J.M. Smucker Department of Computer Science Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

The minirhizotron technique has provided agricultural scientists the opportunity of observing rhizosphere activities without destroying root structures. Nonetheless, the laborious analysis of the data still prohibits its wide applications. Advanced image understanding techniques are needed to derive satisfactory descriptions of plant root networks in an efficient and robust way. The paper presents a plant root image analysis system designed as a blackboard architecture with a hierarchy of data abstractions. Important properties of plant roots are used throughout the processing and multiple sources of information are combined to resolve uncertainties in image interpretation. Experimental results from some stages of the research are given which support the overall processing scheme.< >

关键词： image analysis Soil image processing Plants (biology) image edge detection Data structures pattern recognition Laboratories Computer science Crops

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SAM investigations of the segregation of sulphur in polycrystalline α-iron

SAM investigations of the segregation of sulphur in polycrys...

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作者： Eisl, M.M. Reichl, B.M. Böhmig, S.D. Störi, H. Institut für Allgemeine Physik University of Technology Vienna Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 ViennaA-1040 Austria Institute for Automation Dept. for Pattern Recognition and Image Processing University of Technology Vienna Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10 ViennaA-1040 Austria

Scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and AES investigations of the segregation of non-metal impurity atoms (sulphur, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus) in polycrystalline high-purity (>99.99%) α-iron samples were performed in the temperature range 500-800°C. At the beginning of the heating, nitrogen segregates homogeneously and quickly but in the equilibrium state the whole surface is covered with nearly half a monolayer of sulphur. During the first measurements, the segregation of sulphur was ruled by a combined bulk and grain boundary diffusion mechanism with a t1/2 law, resulting in a net-shaped structure of the surface concentration of sulphur. After repeated heating and sputtering, the contribution of grain boundary diffusion becomes smaller and the segregation rate of sulphur decreases as a consequence of sulphur depletion of the bulk. The segregation kinetics of the individual grains differ strongly owing to the differences between the extent of sulphur depletion of the grains and can be described very well by a t3/2 law in the initial stage of the segregation process. In a later phase, surface diffusion of sulphur from the grains, which have almost reached the equilibrium sulphur coverage, leads to an almost homogeneous sulphur coverage of the surface with only small and diffuse lateral variations. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Sulfur

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Tools for dynamic network structures: GRAPE grammars

Tools for dynamic network structures: GRAPE grammars

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： R. Freund B. Haberstroh H. Bischof Institute for Computer Languages Technical University of of Vienna Vienna Austria Institute for Information Systems Technical University of of Vienna Vienna Austria Institute for Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Technical University of of Vienna Vienna Austria

A theoretical framework based on attributed elementary programmed graph grammars (GRAPE grammars) that turns out to be equally well-suited for describing network dynamics, weight learning algorithms, and topology learning algorithms is proposed. It is shown how GRAPE grammars can be used to model neural networks. Special emphasis is placed on topology learning. It is concluded that GRAPE grammars offer a great potential for neural networks, giving the possibility of a common language suited for all kinds of neural networks.< >

关键词： Pipelines Network topology Neural networks Production Heuristic algorithms Dynamic programming Computer languages Electronic mail pattern recognition Formal languages

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HEXAGONAL DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM FOR image-CODING

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 1991年第9期27卷 781-783页

作者： WU, HS Inst. of Image Processing & Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. China

The discrete cosine transform plays an important role in rectangularly sampled image coding for its excellent performance in information compaction. Hexagonal sampling is the optimal sampling strategy for two-dimensional signals in the sense that exact reconstruction of the waveform requires a lower sampling density than with the alternative schemes. In this Letter, a hexagonal discrete cosine transform (HDCT) for encoding the hexagonally sampled signals is presented.

关键词： TRANSFORMS FOURIER TRANSFORMS image processing

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A THREE-LAYER ADAPTIVE NETWORK FOR pattern DENSITY ESTIMATION AND CLASSIFICATION

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International Journal of Neural Systems 1991年第3期2卷 211-220页

作者： Jian-xiong Wu Chorkin Chan Department of Computer Science University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiaotong University P.R.C

Based on the assumption that most probability densities in real life can be approximated by a mixture of Gaussian densities, we propose here a three-layer adaptive network with each neuron in the lower hidden layer representing a Gaussian basis function (covariance matrix equal to where I is a unit matrix) to estimate various probability densities and serve as a Bayes classifier. The width of the basis function may be the same for all neurons in this layer or it may vary from one neuron to another. This paper investigates the effectiveness of the network for both cases and presents a localized learning algorithm to adjust the network parameters. The network was trained with artificial data derived from known mixtures of memoryless Gaussian sources as well as exponential and Gamma densities. The performance of the network as a pattern density estimator was measured in terms of the relative difference between the target probability density function (p.d.f.) which generates the training and testing data and the network output representing the estimation. Samples from two mixtures corresponding to two classes were used to test the network capability as a classifier by comparing its error rate against that of a Bayes classifier. Both one- and two-dimensional cases were explored. The successfulness of the network depended on how well the target p.d.f.’s were represented by the training samples, the number of hidden neurons employed in the network and how thoroughly the network was trained. It was also found that allowing each basis function to have an independent width had a predominant effect on the network performance.

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A new adaptive classified transform coding method (image coding)

A new adaptive classified transform coding method (image cod...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Wen-Jun Zhang Song-Yu Yu Hong-Bin Chen Institute of Image Processing & Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China

An efficient discrete cosine transform technique using a new adaptive feature for bandwidth compression is described. Taking account of human visual characteristics and transform coefficient statistics, the higher activity region is further classified into four subclasses according to four proposed basic patterns, while the lower activity region is assigned to four subclasses according to its AC-energy (image activity) distribution. Computer simulations shows that the proposed adaptive coder exhibits a performance improvement of 1 dB or more over conventional adaptive coders at the same coding rates.< >

关键词： Transform coding image coding Humans Discrete transforms image reconstruction Degradation Bandwidth Bit rate image storage Discrete cosine transforms

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CAD-based computer vision: from CAD models to relational graphs

CAD-based computer vision: from CAD models to relational gra...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： P.J. Flynn A.K. Jain Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

The authors outline their approach for automatic translation of geometric entities produced by a CAD system into a relational graph structure. They have developed a system which uses 3-D object descriptions created on a commercial CAD system and expressed in the industry-standard IGES form, and performs geometric inferencing to object a relational graph representation of the object which can be stored in a database of models of object recognition. Details of the IGES standard, the geometric inference engine, and some formal properties of 3-D models are discussed. In addition to the process of translation from one data format to another, the interference engine extracts higher-level information from the CAD model and stores it explicitly in the new data structure. The higher-level features will allow the search space explored during the object recognition stage to be pruned early.< >

关键词： Computer vision Solid modeling Object recognition Engines Space exploration Industrial relations Relational databases Spatial databases Interference Data mining

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An improved method for shape from shading

An improved method for shape from shading

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International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Wenjun Zhang Yuanhua Zhou Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)0818608781

An improved method for shape from shading is presented. With introduction of the adaptive attenuated factors, the results of the initial iterations fall into the region of the solution values as much as possible. Simulated tests show that the method makes a notable improvement over the well-known approach proposed by K. Ikeuchi and B.K.P. Horn (1981), not only on the correctness of the solution but also on the speed of the convergence. The case of the actual object is also discussed. The result is satisfactory.< >

关键词： Shape image sampling Equations image processing pattern recognition Testing Computer vision Stereo vision Mathematical model image generation

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The Del /sup 2/G performance in the presence of noise

The Del /sup 2/G performance in the presence of noise

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International Conference on pattern recognition

作者： Xie Zhaohui Wu Lide Institute of Image Processing & Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)0818608781

The Laplacian of Gaussian operator, Del /sup 2/G, is very important as an edge detector in the theory of computer vision. The bias of zero-crossing and output signal-to-noise-ratio of Del /sup 2/G under the models of four typical kinds of edges corrupted by white noise are given, and these theoretical results are confirmed by experiments. The relations among bias of zero-crossing, output and input signal-to-noise-ratio and parameter sigma of Del /sup 2/G are presented.< >

关键词： Detectors Filtering White noise Proposals Performance analysis image edge detection Pulse shaping methods Kernel Shape

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A knowledge-based vision system for identification overlapping objects

A knowledge-based vision system for identification overlappi...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Yang Ming-chien Shi Peng-fei Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)7800030393

The intention of this paper is to help bridging the gap between knowledge base and computer vision system. A knowledge-based vision system for identification of overlapping objects is presented. The authors place emphasis on the reasoning strategy based on knowledge base for recognizing of occluded workpieces to provide information with an education Robot. The experimental results are given and some problem are discussed.

关键词： Machine vision Shape Noise shaping Layout Object recognition Character recognition Solid modeling pattern recognition Face recognition

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