Registration of longitudinal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans containing pathologies is challenging due to dramatic changes in tissue appearance. Although there has been considerable progress in developing...
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Registration of longitudinal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans containing pathologies is challenging due to dramatic changes in tissue appearance. Although there has been considerable progress in developing general-purpose medical image registration techniques, they have not yet attained the requisite precision and reliability for this task, highlighting its inherent complexity. Here we describe the Brain Tumor Sequence Registration (BraTS-Reg) challenge, as the first public benchmark environment for deformable registration algorithms focusing on estimating correspondences between pre-operative and follow-up scans of the same patient diagnosed with a diffuse brain glioma. The challenge was conducted in conjunction with both the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2022 and the International Conference on Medical imagecomputing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) 2022. The BraTS-Reg data comprise de-identified multi-institutional multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans, curated for size and resolution according to a canonical anatomical template, and divided into training, validation, and testing sets. Clinical experts annotated ground truth (GT) landmark points of anatomical locations distinct across the temporal domain. The training data with their GT annotations, were publicly released to enable the development of registration algorithms. The validation data, without their GT annotations, were also released to allow for algorithmic evaluation prior to the testing phase, which only allowed submission of containerized algorithms for evaluation on hidden hold-out testing data. Quantitative evaluation and ranking was based on the Median Euclidean Error (MEE), Robustness, and the determinant of the Jacobian of the displacement field. The top-ranked methodologies yielded similar performance across all evaluation metrics and shared several methodological commonalities, including pre-alignment, deep neural networks, inverse consistency
Importance: Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation. Unraveling such heterogeneity would aid in elucidating etiological mechanisms and pave the road to preci...
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Importance: Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation. Unraveling such heterogeneity would aid in elucidating etiological mechanisms and pave the road to precision and individualized medicine. Objective: We sought to delineate, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, disease-related heterogeneity in LLD linked to neuroanatomy, cognitive functioning, clinical symptomatology, and genetic profiles. Design & setting: The iSTAGING study is an international multicenter consortium investigating brain aging in pooled and harmonized data from 13 studies with over 35,000 participants, including a subset of individuals with major depressive disorders. Participants: Multimodal data from a multicentre sample (N=996), including neuroimaging, neurocognitive assessments, and genetics: 501 LLD participants (332 women, mean age 67.39 ± 5.56 years) and 495 healthy controls (333 women, mean age 66.53 ± 5.16 years) were analyzed. A semi-supervised clustering method (HYDRA) was applied to regional grey matter (GM) brain volumes to derive dimensional representations. Exposure: None Main outcome and Measure: Two dimensions were identified, which accounted for the LLD-related heterogeneity in voxel-wise GM maps, white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA), neurocognitive functioning, clinical phenotype, and genetics. Results: Dimension one (Dim1) demonstrated relatively preserved brain anatomy without WM disruptions relative to healthy controls. In contrast, dimension two (Dim2) showed widespread brain atrophy and WM integrity disruptions, along with cognitive impairment and higher depression severity. Moreover, one de novo independent genetic variant (rs13120336) was significantly associated with Dim 1 but not with Dim 2. Notably, the two dimensions demonstrated significant SNP-based heritability of 18-27% within the general population (N=12,518 in UKBB). Lastly, in a subset of individuals having longitudinal measurements, Dim2 demon
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