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CRUCIBLE: Towards unified secure on- and off-line analytics at scale

CRUCIBLE: Towards unified secure on- and off-line analytics ...

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2013 International Workshop on Data-Intensive Scalable computing Systems, DISCS 2013

作者： Coetzee, Peter Jarvis, Stephen Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781450325066

The burgeoning field of data science benefits from the application of a variety of analytic models and techniques to the oft-cited problems of large volume, high velocity data rates, and significant variety in data structure and semantics. Many approaches make use of common analytic techniques in either a streaming or batch processing paradigm. This paper presents progress in developing a framework for the analysis of large-scale datasets using both of these pools of techniques in a unified manner. This includes: (1) a Domain Specific Language (DSL) for describing analyses as a set of Communicating Sequential Processes, fully integrated with the Java type system, including an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and a compiler which builds idiomatic Java;(2) a runtime model for execution of an analytic in both streaming and batch environments;and (3) a novel approach to automated management of cell-level security labels, applied uniformly across all runtimes. The paper concludes with a demonstration of the successful use of this system with a sample workload developed in (1), and an analysis of the performance characteristics of each of the runtimes described in (2).

关键词： Semantics

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performance modelling of magnetohydrodynamics codes

Performance modelling of magnetohydrodynamics codes

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9th European performance Engineering Workshop, EPEW 2012

作者： Bird, R.F. Wright, S.A. Beckingsale, D.A. Jarvis, S.A. Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783642367809

performance modelling is an important tool utilised by the High performance computing industry to accurately predict the run-time of science applications on a variety of different architectures. performance models aid in procurement decisions and help to highlight areas for possible code optimisations. This paper presents a performance model for a magnetohydrodynamics physics application, Lare. We demonstrate that this model is capable of accurately predicting the run-time of Lare across multiple platforms with an accuracy of 90% (for both strong and weak scaled problems). We then utilise this model to evaluate the performance of future optimisations. The model is generated using SST/macro, the machine level component of the Structural Simulation Toolkit (SST) from Sandia National Laboratories, and is validated on both a commodity cluster located at the University of Warwick and a large scale capability resource located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

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Optimisation of patch distribution strategies for AMR applications

Optimisation of patch distribution strategies for AMR applic...

引用

9th European performance Engineering Workshop, EPEW 2012

作者： Beckingsale, D.A. Perks, O.F.J. Gaudin, W.P. Herdman, J.A. Jarvis, S.A. Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783642367809

As core counts increase in the world's most powerful supercomputers, applications are becoming limited not only by computational power, but also by data availability. In the race to exascale, efficient and effective communication policies are key to achieving optimal application performance. Applications using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) trade off communication for computational load balancing, to enable the focused computation of specific areas of interest. This class of application is particularly susceptible to the communication performance of the underlying architectures, and are inherently difficult to scale efficiently. In this paper we present a study of the effect of patch distribution strategies on the scalability of an AMR code. We demonstrate the significance of patch placement on communication overheads, and by balancing the computation and communication costs of patches, we develop a scheme to optimise performance of a specific, industry-strength, benchmark application. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Supercomputers

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Achieving portability and performance through OpenACC 1

Achieving portability and performance through OpenACC

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1st Workshop on Accelerator Programming Using Directives, WACCPD 2014 - Held in Conjunction with the International Conference for High performance computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC 2014

作者： Herdman, J.A. Gaudin, W.P. Perks, O. Beckingsale, D.A. Mallinson, A.C. Jarvis, S.A. High Performance Computing AWE Plc Aldermaston United Kingdom Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781479970230

OpenACC is a directive-based programming model designed to allow easy access to emerging advanced architecture systems for existing production codes based on Fortran, C and C++. It also provides an approach to coding contemporary technologies without the need to learn complex vendor-specific languages, or understand the hardware at the deepest level. Portability and performance are the key features of this programming model, which are essential to productivity in real scientific *** support is provided by a number of vendors and is defined by an open standard. However the standard is relatively new, and the implementations are relatively immature. This paper experimentally evaluates the currently available compilers by assessing two approaches to the OpenACC programming model: the 'parallel' and 'kernels' constructs. The implementation of both of these construct is compared, for each vendor, showing performance differences of up to 84%. Additionally, we observe performance differences of up to 13% between the best vendor implementations. OpenACC features which appear to cause performance issues in certain compilers are identified and linked to differing default vector length clauses between vendors. These studies are carried out over a range of hardware including GPU, APU, Xeon and Xeon Phi based architectures. Finally, OpenACC performance, and productivity, are compared against the alternative native programming approaches on each targeted platform, including CUDA, OpenCL, OpenMP 4.0 and Intel Offload, in addition to MPI and OpenMP. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Productivity

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Blurring the computation-communication divide: Extraneous memory accesses and their effects on MPI intranode communications

Blurring the computation-communication divide: Extraneous me...

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2nd Imperial College computing Student Workshop, ICCSW 2012

作者： Tan, Wilson M. Jarvis, Stephen A. Department of Computer Science Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783939897484

Modern MPI simulator frameworks assume the existence of a Computation-Communication Divide: thus, they model and simulate the computation and communication sections of an MPI Program separately. The assumption is actually sound for MPI processes that are situated in different nodes and communicate through a network medium such as Ethernet or Infiniband. For processes that are within a node however, the validity of the assumption is limited since the processes communicate using shared memory, which also figures in computation by storing the application and its associated data structures. In this work, the limits of the said assumption's validity were tested, and it is shown that Extraneous Memory Accesses (EMAs) by a compute section could significantly slow down the communication operations following it. Two general observations were made in the course of this work: first, more EMAs cause greater slowdown;and second, EMAs coming from the compute section of the processes containing the MPI-Recv are more detrimental to communication performance than those coming from processes containing MPI Send. © Wilson M. Tan and Stephen A. Jarvis.

关键词： Parallel programming

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Experiences at scale with PGAS versions of a hydrodynamics application 14

Experiences at scale with PGAS versions of a hydrodynamics a...

引用

8th International Conference on Partitioned Global Address Space Programming Models, PGAS 2014

作者： Mallinson, A.C. Jarvis, S.A. Gaudin, W.P. Herdman, J.A. Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom High Performance Computing Atomic Weapons Establishment Aldermaston United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781450332477

In this work we directly evaluate two PGAS programming models, CAF and OpenSHMEM, as candidate technologies for improving the performance and scalability of scientific applications on future exascale HPC platforms. PGAS approaches are considered by many to represent a promising research direction with the potential to solve some of the existing problems preventing codebases from scaling to exascale levels of performance. The aim of this work is to better inform the exacsale planning at large HPC centres such as AWE. Such organisations invest significant resources maintaining and updating existing scientific codebases, many of which were not designed to run at the scales required to reach exascale levels of computational performance on future system architectures. We document our approach for implementing a recently developed Lagrangian-Eulerian explicit hydrodynamics mini-application in each of these PGAS languages. Furthermore, we also present our results and experiences from scaling these different approaches to high node counts on two state-of-the-art, large scale system architectures from Cray (XC30) and SGI (ICE-X),and compare their utility against an equivalent existing MPI implementation. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

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Dynamic resource allocation and active predictive models for enterprise applications

Dynamic resource allocation and active predictive models for...

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作者： Al-Ghamdi, M. Chester, A.P. He, L. Jarvis, S.A. Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789898425522

This work is concerned with dynamic resource allocation for multi-tiered, cluster-based web hosting environments. Dynamic resource allocation is reactive, that is, when overloading occurs in one resource pool, servers are moved from another (quieter) pool to meet this demand. Switching servers comes with some overhead, so it is important to weigh up the costs of the switch against possible system gains. In this paper we combine the reactive behaviour of two well known switching policies - the Proportional Switching Policy (PSP) and the Bottleneck Aware Switching Policy (BSP) - with the proactive properties of several workload forecasting models. Seven forecasting models are used, including Last Observation, Simple Algorithm, Sample Moving Average, Exponential Moving Algorithm, Low Pass Filter and Autoregressive Moving Average. As each of the forecasting schemes has its own bias, we also develop three meta-forecasting algorithms (the Active Window Model, the Voting Model and the Selective Model) to ensure consistent and improved results. We show that request servicing capability can be improved by as much as 40% when the right combination of dynamic server switching and workload forecasting are used. As important is that we can generate consistently improved results, even when we apply this scheme to real-world, highly-variable workload traces from several sources.

关键词： Low pass filters

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Accelerating hydrocodes with openACC, opeCL and CUDA

Accelerating hydrocodes with openACC, opeCL and CUDA

引用

2012 SC Companion: High performance computing, Networking Storage and Analysis, SCC 2012

作者： Herdman, J.A. Gaudin, W.P. McIntosh-Smith, S. Boulton, M. Beckingsale, D.A. Mallinson, A.C. Jarvis, S.A. High Performance Computing UK Atomic Weapons Establishment Aldermaston United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Bristol United Kingdom Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549569

Hardware accelerators such as GPGPUs are becoming increasingly common in HPC platforms and their use is widely recognised as being one of the most promising approaches for reaching exascale levels of *** HPC centres, such as AWE, have made huge investments in maintaining their existing scientific software codebases, the vast majority of which were not designed to effectively utilise accelerator ***, HPC centres will have to decide how to develop their existing applications to take best advantage of future HPC system *** limited development and financial resources, it is unlikely that all potential approaches will be evaluated for each application. We are interested in how this decision making can be improved, and this work seeks to directly evaluate three candidate technologies - -OpenACC, OpenCL and CUDA - -in terms of performance, programmer productivity, and portability using a recently developed Lagrangian-Eulerian explicit hydrodynamics mini-Application. We find that OpenACC is an extremely viable programming model for accelerator devices, improving programmer productivity and achieving better performance than OpenCL and CUDA. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

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Dynamic active window management: A method for improving revenue generation in dynamic enterprise systems

Dynamic active window management: A method for improving rev...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT 2011 and 11th IEEE International Conference on Scalable computing and Communications, SCALCOM 2011

作者： Al-Ghamdi, M. Chester, A.P. He, L. Jarvis, S.A. Xue, J.W.J. Department of Computer Science Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom Department of Computing School of Science and Technology University of Northampton Northamptonshire United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543888

In dynamic resource allocation systems, servers are moved between pools when overloading is detected. In this work, we investigate the impact to such systems of combining three adaptive monitoring techniques. First we employ two well known switching policies the Proportional Switching Policy (PSP) and the Bottleneck Aware Switching Policy (BSP) to move servers between server pools as appropriate. Second we use a metaforecasting technique to predict the movement in future system workload. Third, we use a Dynamic Active Window Model (DAWM), which defines the period over which workload data is analysed. We have previously shown that request servicing capability can be improved by as much as 40% when the right combination of dynamic server switching and workload forecasting are used. This extended model shows that a further 51.5% improvement can be achieved when the switching server policy, meta-forecasting and dynamic active window management are employed together over a real-world workload based on Internet traces. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Quantifying the Effects of Contention on Parallel File Systems

Quantifying the Effects of Contention on Parallel File Syste...

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IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW)

作者： Steven A. Wright Stephen A. Jarvis Performance Computing and Visualisation University of Warwick UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781467376853

As we move towards the Exactable era of supercomputing, node-level failures are becoming more common-place, frequent check pointing is currently used to recover from such failures in long-running science applications. While compute performance has steadily improved year-on-year, parallel I/O performance has stalled, meaning check pointing is fast becoming a bottleneck to performance. Using current file systems in the most efficient way possible will alleviate some of these issues and will help prepare developers and system designers for Exactable, unfortunately, many domain-scientists simply submit their jobs with the default file system configuration. In this paper, we analyse previous work on finding optimality on Lustre file systems, demonstrating that by exposing parallelism in the parallel file system, performance can be improved by up to 49x. However, we demonstrate that on systems where many applications are competing for a finite number of object storage targets (OSTs), competing tasks may reduce optimal performance considerably. We show that reducing each job's request for OSTs by 40% decreases performance by only 13%, while increasing the availability and quality of service of the file system. Further, we present a series of metrics designed to analyse and explain the effects of contention on parallel file systems. Finally, we re-evaluate our previous work with the Parallel Log-structured File System (PLFS), comparing it to Lustre at various scales. We show that PLFS may perform better than Lustre in particular configurations, but that at large scale PLFS becomes a bottleneck to performance. We extend the metrics proposed in this paper to explain these performance deficiencies that exist in PLFS, demonstrating that the software creates high levels of self-contention at scale.

关键词： Bandwidth File systems Optimization Quality of service Measurement Supercomputers

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