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Analysing the influence of InfiniBand choice on OpenMPI memory consumption

Analysing the influence of InfiniBand choice on OpenMPI memo...

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2013 11th International Conference on High performance computing and Simulation, HPCS 2013

作者： Perks, O. Beckingsale, D.A. Dawes, A.S. Herdman, J.A. Mazauric, C. Jarvis, S.A. Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick United Kingdom AWE Pic Aldermaston Reading United Kingdom Application and Performance Team Bull Information Systems Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781479908363

The ever increasing scale of modern high performance computing platforms poses challenges for system architects and code developers alike. The increase in core count densities and associated cost of components is having a dramatic effect on the viability of high memory-per-core ratios. Whilst the available memory per core is decreasing, the increased scale of parallel jobs is testing the efficiency of MPI implementations with respect to memory overhead. Scalability issues have always plagued both hardware manufacturers and software developers, and the combined effects can be disabling. In this paper we address the issue of MPI memory consumption with regard to InfiniBand network communications. We reaffirm some widely held beliefs regarding the existence of scalability problems under certain conditions. Additionally, we present results testing memory-optimised runtime configurations and vendor provided optimisation libraries. Using Orthrus, a linear solver benchmark developed by AWE, we demonstrate these memory-centric optimisations and their performance implications. We show the growth of OpenMPI memory consumption (demonstrating poor scalability) on both Mellanox and QLogic InfiniBand platforms. We demonstrate a 616× increase in MPI memory consumption for a 64× increase in core count, with a default OpenMPI configuration on Mellanox. Through the use of the Mellanox MXM and QLogic PSM optimisation libraries we are able to observe a 117× and 115× reduction in MPI memory at application memory high water mark. This significantly improves the potential scalability of the code. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Scalability

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Energy harvesting noise pollution sensing WSN mote: Survey of capabilities and limitations

Energy harvesting noise pollution sensing WSN mote: Survey o...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensor (ICWISE)

作者： Wilson M. Tan Stephen A. Jarvis Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick UK

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are potentially a boon to the implementation and enforcement of noise codes which now exist for many major cities all over the world. Unfortunately, the high energy required by the noise measurement process and the reliance of sensor motes on batteries make the management of noise sensing WSNs cumbersome. Giving motes energy harvesting (EH) capabilities could alleviate such a problem, and several EH WSNs have already been demonstrated. Nevertheless, the high frequency nature of the data required to measure noise places significant additional challenges to the design of EH WSNs. In this paper, we characterize the capabilities and limitations of a WSN mote designed to measure noise. We identify, through specification analysis and experimentation, the performance-limiting factors in each step of the noise measurement process. These steps include sound gathering, data processing, and result transmission. The prospect of the entire process being powered by energy-harvesting means is also evaluated. For each step, we also discuss and recommend measures that would help improve the overall system performance.

关键词： Microphones Wireless sensor networks Base stations Noise Sensors Microcontrollers Energy harvesting

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Self-determination of maximum supportable receiver wakeup intervals in Energy Harvesting WSN nodes

Self-determination of maximum supportable receiver wakeup in...

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IFIP Wireless Days, WD

作者： Wilson M. Tan Stephen A. Jarvis Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick UK

Energy harvesting wireless sensor network nodes would not be able to operate without duty cycling. In TinyOS, duty cycling is supported through Low Power Listening or LPL. LPL is sender-centric: the longer the wakeup interval, the more power a receiver saves, at the cost of more energy per transmission for the sender. Due to the limitations of energy storage technologies, there is a limit to the sender wakeup interval which energy harvesting senders could support. Currently, the limit could be derived computationally or experimentally. Computational derivation is overly conservative, while manual experimentation is labour intensive. In this paper, we present a protocol which enables sensor nodes to determine the wakeup interval limit experimentally without human intervention or the aid of other nodes. Not only does the protocol allow for easier determination of the said limit, it also allows network nodes to adjust to environmental changes that nodes encounter while in deployment, such as capacitor ageing.

关键词： Receivers Capacitors Protocols Random access memory Nonvolatile memory Energy harvesting Calibration

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Determination of maximum supportable receiver wakeup intervals in energy harvesting WSN nodes using a client-server setup

Determination of maximum supportable receiver wakeup interva...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensor (ICWISE)

作者： Wilson M. Tan Stephen A. Jarvis Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick UK

Energy harvesting wireless sensor network nodes would not be able to operate without duty cycling. In TinyOS, duty cycling is supported through Low Power Listening or LPL. LPL is sender-centric: the longer the wakeup interval, the more power a receiver saves, at the cost of more energy per transmission for the sender. Due to the limitations of energy storage technologies, there is a limit to the sender wakeup interval which energy harvesting senders could support. Currently, the limit could be derived computationally or experimentally. Computational derivation is overly conservative, while manual experimentation is labor intensive. In this paper, we present a protocol which enables sensor nodes to autonomously determine the wakeup interval limit experimentally, using a client-server architecture. Not only does the protocol allow for easier determination of the said limit, it also allows network nodes to adjust to environmental changes that nodes encounter while in deployment, such as capacitor ageing.

关键词： Receivers Capacitors Servers Wireless sensor networks Protocols Calibration Energy harvesting

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Towards the Automated Generation of Hard Disk Models through Physical Geometry Discovery

Towards the Automated Generation of Hard Disk Models through...

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High performance computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SCC), SC Companion:

作者： S. A. Wright S. J. Pennycook S. A. Jarvis Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781467362184

As the High performance computing industry moves towards the exascale era of computing, parallel scientific and engineering applications are becoming increasingly complex. The use of simulation allows us to predict how an application's performance will change with the adoption of new hardware or software, helping to inform procurement decisions. In this paper, we present a disk simulator designed to predict the performance of read and write operations to a single hard disk drive (HDD). Our simulator uses a geometry discovery benchmark (Diskovery) in order to estimate the data layout of the HDD, as well as the time spent moving the read/write head. We validate our simulator against two different HDDs, using a benchmark designed to simulate common disk read and write patterns, demonstrating accuracy to within 5% of the observed I/O time for sequential operations, and to within 10% of the observed time for seek-heavy workloads.

关键词： Data Storage Systems File Systems High performance computing I/O Simulation DATA STORAGE SYSTEMS High performance computing IO Computer Hard Disc simulating simulator File systems BENCHMARKS

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Server-side visualisation of massive datasets

Server-side Visualisation of massive datasets

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1st International Conference on e-Science and Grid computing, e-Science 2005

作者： Beeson, Brett Dwyer, Mark Thompson, David QUT High Performance Computing Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia Melbourne University Astrophysics Dept. of Physics University of Melbourne Australia Visualisation and Imagery Solutions Missoula MT

ISBN: (纸本)0780394631

Server-side visualisation systems comprise of a thin client connected to a rendering service located on the data server. We present a systematic and quantitative method for evaluating server-side visualisation systems. We evaluate the fundamental limitations of such systems in relation to network performance. Using these results we benchmark four common architectures by implementing clients and/or servers in each system. The suitability of each architecture is assessed for several applications, in terms of scalability, performance and ease of development. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Data structures

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A distributed heuristic solution to the target identifiability problem in directional sensor networks

A distributed heuristic solution to the target identifiabili...

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International Conference on computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)

作者： Wilson M. Tan Stephen A. Jarvis Networks and Distributed Systems Group University of the Philippines Philippines Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick UK

Existing algorithms for orienting sensors in directional sensor networks have primarily concerned themselves with the problem of maximizing the number of covered targets, assuming that target identification as a non-issue. Such an assumption however, does not hold true in all situations. In this paper, a distributed heuristic algorithm for choosing active sensors and orienting them with the goal of balancing coverage and identifiability is presented. The performance of the algorithm is verified via simulations, and shown through simulations to confer increased target identifiability compared to algorithms originally designed to simply maximize the number of targets covered.

关键词： Sensors Heuristic algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Protocols Conferences Equations Computer numerical control

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Quality over quantity: Target identifiability in directional sensor networks

Quality over quantity: Target identifiability in directional...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensor (ICWISE)

作者： Wilson M. Tan Stephen A. Jarvis Networks and Distributed Systems Group University of the Philippines Philippines Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick UK

Existing algorithms for orienting sensors in directional sensor networks have primarily concerned themselves with the problem of maximizing the number of covered targets, assuming that target identification as a non-issue. Such an assumption however, does not hold true in all situations. In this paper, three heuristic algorithms for choosing active sensors and orienting them with the goal of balancing coverage and identifiability are presented. The first algorithm is parameterizable, allowing users to specify the desired level of trade-off between coverage and identifiability. The other two algorithms are not parameterizable, and are more suited for situations where coverage is preferred over identifiability. The performance of the algorithms are verified via simulations, and shown through simulations to confer increased target identifiability compared to algorithms originally designed to simply maximize the number of targets covered.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Equations Sensor systems Conferences Wireless communication Heuristic algorithms

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Dynamic Active Window Management: A Method for Improving Revenue Generation in Dynamic Enterprise Systems

Dynamic Active Window Management: A Method for Improving Rev...

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International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT)

作者： M. Al-Ghamdi A.P. Chester L. He S.A. Jarvis J.W.J. Xue Department of Computer Science Performance Computing and Visualisation Group University of Warwick Coventry UK Department of Computing School of Science and Technology University of Northampton Northamptonshire UK

In dynamic resource allocation systems, servers are moved between pools when overloading is detected. In this work, we investigate the impact to such systems of combining three adaptive monitoring techniques. First we employ two well known switching policies the Proportional Switching Policy (PSP) and the Bottleneck Aware Switching Policy (BSP) to move servers between server pools as appropriate. Second we use a meta forecasting technique to predict the movement in future system workload. Third, we use a Dynamic Active Window Model (DAWM), which defines the period over which workload data is analysed. We have previously shown that request servicing capability can be improved by as much as 40% when the right combination of dynamic server switching and workload forecasting are used. This extended model shows that a further 51.5% improvement can be achieved when the switching server policy, meta-forecasting and dynamic active window management are employed together over a real-world workload based on Internet traces.

关键词： Switches Servers Heuristic algorithms Predictive models Internet Monitoring Erbium

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Accelerating Hydrocodes with OpenACC, OpenCL and CUDA

Accelerating Hydrocodes with OpenACC, OpenCL and CUDA

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High performance computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SCC), SC Companion:

作者： J. A. Herdman W. P. Gaudin S. McIntosh-Smith M. Boulton D. A. Beckingsale A. C. Mallinson S. A. Jarvis High Performance Computing UK Atomic Weapons Research Establishment Aldermaston UK Microelectronics Group Department of Computer Science University of Bristol UK Performance Computing and Visualisation Department of Computer Science University of Warwick UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781467362184

Hardware accelerators such as GPGPUs are becoming increasingly common in HPC platforms and their use is widely recognised as being one of the most promising approaches for reaching exascale levels of performance. Large HPC centres, such as AWE, have made huge investments in maintaining their existing scientific software codebases, the vast majority of which were not designed to effectively utilise accelerator devices. Consequently, HPC centres will have to decide how to develop their existing applications to take best advantage of future HPC system architectures. Given limited development and financial resources, it is unlikely that all potential approaches will be evaluated for each application. We are interested in how this decision making can be improved, and this work seeks to directly evaluate three candidate technologies-OpenACC, OpenCL and CUDA-in terms of performance, programmer productivity, and portability using a recently developed Lagrangian-Eulerian explicit hydrodynamics mini-application. We find that OpenACC is an extremely viable programming model for accelerator devices, improving programmer productivity and achieving better performance than OpenCL and CUDA.

关键词： Graphics processing units Kernel Programming Hydrodynamics performance evaluation Productivity Libraries

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