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Experimental evaluation of water-based Al2O3 and MgO nanofluids on selective flat plate collector thermal efficiency

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： Nur Wardhyana Yahya Reddy Prasad Dakshinamoorthy Sathiyamoorthy 1Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam

Solar water heating system with flat plate collector have low thermal efficiency compared to conventional electric water heater due to the utilization of low thermal conductivity fluid, such as water. To improve the thermal conductivity of water, nanoparticles are being suspended in water to produce nanofluid. This study experimentally investigated the thermal performance of water based aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanofluids of volume fractions 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol % circulated at a constant flowrate of 4 L/h through a selective flat plate collector solar water heating system receiving a constant irradiance of 1400 W/m2. The nanofluids were prepared by dispersing the nanoparticles in distilled water using a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours without any surfactants. Results showed presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles in water have increased the collector thermal efficiency by 63.8%, 76.9% and 88.9% for 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol%, respectively. Similar enhancement in collector thermal efficiency was also observed with MgO nanoparticles with 52.7%, 66.4% and 79.9% with increasing volume fraction. Findings indicated the increase in volume fraction theoretically raise the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, subsequently raising the collector thermal efficiency.

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Environment Sustainable Low Temperature Activation of Charcoal for Excellent Dye Adsorption Kinetics

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Twinkle, Twinkle Rawat, Vinay Kimothi, Sanjeev Dumka, Umesh Chandra Gupta, Rajeev Penke, Yaswanth K. Kar, Kamal K. Chamoli, Pankaj School of Basic & Applied Sciences Department of Physics Shri Guru Ram Rai University Uttarakhand Dehradun248001 India Department of Physics Graphic Era Deemed to be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248002 India Nainital263001 India Department of Physics School of Engineering Studies University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Uttarakhand Dehradun248007 India Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Advanced Nanoengineering Materials Laboratory Materials Science Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur208016 India

Hazardous chemicals from wastewater (both inorganic and organic) that affect soil properties, water quality, and deplete the plant's micronutrients must be eliminated for a sustainable ecosystem in order to support a variety of industrial uses as well as a sustainable environment. The current work illustrates the solid-state reaction technique of activating Oak wood charcoal into activated carbon (AC) at low temperatures (300 and 500 oC) in the presence of cost-effective activator NaOH. Prepared ACs are tested for Methylene blue (MB) absorption experiments at various adsorption conditions (e.g., pH, contact time, temperature) and discussed efficiency,the kinetics, isotherms models and adsorption mechanism to determine the optimal adsorption conditions for the removalof MB *** results show that the prepared ACs (AC1, AC2 at 300 and 500 oC) efficiently absorb MB from wastewater and take removal efficiency of about ~100 and 83% in 1 hour, respectively. When the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinematic models are used to test the adsorption data, the results fit the pseudo-first-order model better. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms are employed to model the isotherm data. The maximum adsorption capacity for AC1 and AC2 was found to be 39.14 and 40.98 mg/g, respectively. The results clearly reveal that the Langmuir model captured the data better, demonstrating that monolayer adsorption dominated the absorption process. Additionally, prepared ACs are examined for reuse, and exhibit three cycles of recyclability. As a result, ACs made from oak wood charcoal are an easy and affordable way to get rid of MB dye. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

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Development of Cellulose-Supported Pd-Nanocatalyst for the Heck Coupling and Michael Addition Reactions

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Sarkar, Shaheen M. Rahman, Md Lutfor Hasan, Kamrul Khan, Md Maksudur Rahman O'Reilly, Emmet J. Rahim, Mohd Hasbi Ab. Department of Applied Science Technological University of the Shannon Moylish LimerickV94 EC5T Ireland Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah Sabah Kota Kinabalu88400 Malaysia Department of Chemistry Pure and Applied Chemistry Group College of Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei GadongBE1410 Brunei SSPC the SFI research centre for Pharmaceuticals Department of Chemical Sciences Bernal Institute University of Limerick Limerick Ireland Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Kuantan26300 Malaysia

The utilization of cellulose-supported bio-resourced poly(hydroxamic acid) as a ligand for the palladium nanocomposite (PdNc-PHA) is an important synthetic strategy for the development of an effective, heterogeneous, and reusable nanocatalyst. Varieties of analytical methods were used to characterize the PdNc-PHA catalyst, including FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, XPS, and ICP-AES analyses. The results showed that the PdNc-PHA catalyst exhibits excellent durability and high catalytic activity in the Mizoroki-Heck and Michael addition reactions, leading to high yields of the desired corresponding products. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction of aryl/heteroaryl chlorides with olefins resulted in the production of cross-coupled products, while the Michael addition reaction of phenol/thiophenol and aliphatic cyclic/alicyclic amines with a variety of olefins afforded O-, S-, and N-alkylated products. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled and reused up to ten times without any noticeable loss of its catalytic activity. This research represents a pivotal advancement in fostering in chemical bonds formation in organic synthons as well as utilization of bio-waste as a wealth material. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocomposites

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Development of Brunei regional hydrodynamic model for modelling of Brunei coastal waters using Delft3D

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： Rama Rao Karri Dk Nur Siti Fatimah Ena Kartina Abdul Rahman Hj Asari Bin Hj Abdul Rashid Uditha Rohana Ratnayake 1Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Jalan Tungku Link BE1410 Gadong Brunei Darussalam 2Civil Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Jalan Tungku Link BE1410 Gadong Brunei Darussalam

The Brunei coastline represents a diverse multi-use coastal zone ranging from the production of oil & gas to recreational uses. Brunei Maura port is also considered as an alternative stopover for docking cargo and oil carrying ships, owing to the fact that the nearby docking port in this region (Singapore) is very busy. This facility provides extensive economic benefits to this region to develop infrastructure facilities for these navigation ships. A robust hydrodynamic model is needed to better understand the processes and reproducing the driving mechanisms of these large-scale driven flows in Brunei waters. Since there is no hydrodynamic model available in this region, so a regional model covering the sea coast of Brunei is developed, which is termed the Brunei Regional Hydrodynamic Model (BRHM). This model covers a coastline extending from Miri to Kota Kinabalu, which is on either side of the Brunei Sea coast. The hydrodynamic model is calibrated using the satellite data available in this region. This calibrated model can be further used for simulating the typical and extreme scenarios of storm surges at the South China Sea (SCS) and their effects on the local hydrodynamics, which in turn affect the navigation and ecosystem in Brunei Bay. This research study which is the first of its kind in this region, will demonstrate the nonlinear tidal interactions and storm surges in SCS. This study also helps us to understand the tide-bathymetry/geometry interactions that cause frequent sea level anomalies in this region. This well-calibrated hydrodynamic model will form the benchmark to simulate the typical and extreme scenarios of storm surges at SCS and their effects on the local hydrodynamics, which in turn affect the navigation and ecosystem in Brunei Bay. This research study will extensively support the Brunei Darussalam national vision to make Maura port a Service Hub for Trade and Tourism by providing efficient shipping, ports, value-added services and infrastructu

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Effect of bio-based nanosilica on the mechanical properties of single empty fruit bunch fibre

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3014卷

作者： Wan Mohd Eqhwan Iskandar Huei Ruey Ong Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan Farhana Sultana Toma Faculty of Engineering & Technology DRB-HICOM University of Automotive Malaysia Peramu Jaya Industrial Area 26607 Pekan Pahang Malaysia Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme area Universiti Technology Brunei Gadong Brunei Darussalam Brunei Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia

This research emphasizes the application of bio-based nanosilica, which was obtained from rice husk, for the purpose of improving the characteristics of discarded empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers. One of the lignocellulose biomass byproducts from the palm oil industry is EFB fibre, which is typically used as a fuel source in boilers. Lightweight, nonabrasive, and biodegradable characteristics of EFB fibres make them ideal for usage as a reinforcing agent in composite and plastic applications. Unfortunately, the hydrophilic nature of EFB fibre results in weak interfaces because EFB surface and polymer matrix exhibit low interfacial adhesion, which may negatively affect the mechanical characteristics. To remedy this situation, the EFB fibre will be modified via environmental friendly ultrasound assisted alkaline and acrylic acid treatment. The bio-based nanosilica will be introduced during the acrylic acid treatment, in which can further improve the thermo-mechanical properties and control the biodegradability of the composite. The treated EFB fiber was characterized with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and tensile testing. Findings reveal that the impurities on the surface of EFB fibre were washed away after the treatment and impregnation of nanosilica on the surface of EFB fibre were visualised. The results obtained from FTIR confirm that the hemicellulose has been eliminated within the range of 2900-1700 cm−1. Tensile test demonstrates that small amount of bio-based nanosilica improves the mechanical properties by 91.11% as compared to raw EFB fibre.

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Soft computing techniques for prediction of forest fire occurrence in Brunei Darussalam

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： Muhammad Iskandar Hanafi Bin Pengiran Haji Zahari Rama Rao Karri Mohamed Hasnain Isa El-Said Mamdouh Mahmoud Zahran S. M. Shiva Nagendra 1Civil Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam 2Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam 3Department of Public Works Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo 11517 Egypt 4Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India

Forest fires are destroying wildlife habitat and pollutes air with emissions dangerous to human health. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by the wildfire contributes to the greenhouse effects and climate change. The ashes remove a lot of nutrients and eroded soils, causes landslides and flooding. Brunei Darussalam rich in biodiversity and tropical forest resources is increasingly recording more forest fires every year. These fires destroy the precious forest resources of the country, degrade the environmental quality particularly deteriorate air quality and cause significant economic loss in terms of property, infrastructure and possess threat to human health as well as ecosystem. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analyze the forest fire contributors such as topographic, human factor, climate, ignition factor, and vegetation and use a soft computing technique (machine learning) to classify the possible of occurrence.

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Chemical stabilisation of sandstone road aggregate layers: A literature review

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2643卷

作者： Amalina Ali Elsaid M. M. Zahran Soon Jian Tan Nurul Hasan 1Civil Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam 2Department of Public Works Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo 11517 Egypt 3Centre for Transport Research Universiti Teknologi Brunei Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam 4Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Jalan Tungku Link Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam

The increasing demand for aggregates for road construction and development has led to increased exploitation of mineral resources, resulting in their scarcity. This has an adverse effect on the environment as well as the cost of road development, especially when local aggregates are of poor quality and not suitable for road construction, requiring long-distance transportation or importation from another country. An approach that could be more cost-effective is the chemical stabilisation of locally available weak aggregates such as sandstone. This paper reviewed the most commonly used traditional and non-traditional additives for the stabilisation of road aggregate layers. The literature review focused on the type of soil for which each additive is best suited, the binding mechanism involved and the advantages and limitations of using each additive for soil stabilisation. It was found that the majority of the existing literature had focused on the chemical stabilisation of conventional road materials and demolition and waste aggregates for use in pavement base and/or subbase layers, but only a few looked into sandstone chemical stabilisation. Sandstone aggregate investigations have been limited to either cement and/or polymer stabilisation for road aggregate layers or cement concrete mixtures for building construction. As a result, this paper revealed a knowledge gap regarding the strength development of sandstone road aggregate layers after stabilisation with fly ash and lime, either separately or in combination, which is predominantly measured in terms of the unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, and California Bearing Ratio. Future research to address the gap in knowledge will provide an insight into a potentially cost-effective alternative and sustainable road construction by utilising locally available sandstone aggregate and fly ash waste material.

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Nanohybrid membrane in algal-membrane photoreactor: Microalgae cultivation and wastewater polishing

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2019年第11期27卷 2799-2806页

作者： Woon Chan Chong Abdul Wahab Mohammad Ebrahim Mahmoudi Ying Tao Chung Kamrul Fakir Kamarudin Mohd Sobri Takriff Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanJalan Sungai LongBandar Sungai LongCheras43000 KajangSelangorMalaysia Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology(CESPRO) Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTechnology and Built EnvironmentUCSI UniversityNo.1Jalan Menara GadingUCSI HeightsCheras56000 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Microalgae cultivation has gained tremendous attention in recent years due to its great potential in green biofuel production and wastewater treatment application. Membrane technology is a great solution in separating the microalgae biomass while producing high quality of permeate for recycling. The main objective of this study was to investigate the filtration performance of Ag/GO-PVDF(silver/graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride) membrane in an algalmembrane photoreactor(A-MPR) by benchmarking with a commercial PVDF(com-PVDF) membrane. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae was cultivated in synthetic wastewater in an A-MPR for ammoniacal-nitrogen and phosphorus recovery and the wastewater was further filtered using Ag/GO-PVDF and com-PVDF membranes to obtain high quality water. Spectrophotometer was used to analyze the chemical oxidation demand(COD), ammoniacal nitrogen(NH3-N) and phosphate(PO43-). The concentration of proteins and carbohydrates was measured using Bradford method and phenol-sulfuric acid method, respectively. The COD of the synthetic wastewater was reduced from(180.5 ± 5.6) ppm to(82 ± 2.6) ppm due to nutrient uptake by microalgae. Then, the Ag/GO-PVDF membrane was used to further purify the microalgae cultivated wastewater, resulting in a low COD permeate of(31 ± 4.6) ppm. The high removal rate of proteins(100%) and carbohydrates(86.6%) as the major foulant in microalgae filtration, with low membrane fouling propensity of Ag/GO-PVDF membrane is advantageous for the sustainable development of the microalgae production. Hence, the integrated A-MPR system is highly recommended as a promising approach for microalgae cultivation and wastewater polishing treatment.

关键词： Algal-membrane photoreactor Nanohybrid membrane Wastewater polishing Microalgal cultivation Nutrient recovery

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Enhancing the performance of solar stills for desalination of the sea water

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期646卷

作者： S A M Saiful S Shams D M R Prasad U Ratnayake Civil Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam.

The purpose of this research is to determine whether the production output of distilled water from desalination by distillation using a hybrid solar still coupled with Photovoltaic panels can enhance the overall efficiency of the system for desalinating the seawater. Desalination by distillation has not yet reached the global market as the output rate is significantly less compared to other methods such as reverse osmosis (RO). This research developed a working hybrid prototype solar still that utilized both passive and active heating sources to assess its performance and competitiveness with other solar stills in the market. The outcome of this research indicates that a solar still on its own is efficient enough in removing Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) for safe drinking water. However, it cannot compete with the performance of alternatives such as RO desalination units and is highly dependent on solar energy. Although, the results from this study show that the use of solar reflectors can increase the performance by 21%. This study concludes that a new technology/concept is needed to fill in the gap between solar stills and RO units whereby it can match the performance of a typical RO desalination unit and maintain the same capital and running costs of a typical solar still.

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Synthesis of nano emulsion from waste cooking oil for enhanced oil recovery applications

Synthesis of nano emulsion from waste cooking oil for enhanc...

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International Conference on Mechanical engineering, Energy and Advanced Materials, ICMEEAM 2018

作者： Noor, M.I.I.M. Islam, A. Saalah, S. Ken, C.C. Anisuzzaman, S.M. Kamin, Z. Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS Sabah Kota Kinabalu88400 Malaysia Energy Research Unit Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS Sabah Kota Kinabalu88400 Malaysia Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jessore University of Science and Technology Bangladesh

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a tertiary method to extract potential oil in a matured well. Emulsion, which is one EOR method has properties which enable it to recover oil remains in reservoir rocks of the matured well. Nano sized emulsion or nano emulsion able to recover trapped oil, by capillary force in fine pores of the reservoir rock. Nano emulsion reduces the oil-water interfacial tension and therefore changes the wettability of the reservoir rock. However, the nano emulsion is uneconomical and unstable. Therefore, this work aimed to produce nano emulsions by using low cost waste cooking oil, Tween 80 and Span 80. Ultra-sonication was used to reduce the size of the emulsion. The concentration of surfactant, power of ultra-sonication and time of sonication were varied to study the stability of the oil-in-water and size of the emulsion using the Malvern Zetasizer. The nano emulsion was then tested on a crude oil soak meligan formation sand rock to test the performance of the nano emulsion. The result show values of zeta potential and droplet size were-15.3 mV and 262.1 *** respectively. The emulsion droplet sizes were about 500 nm with milky white appearance. The nano emulsion shows positive results as 63.89 % crude oil displaced from the soaked meligan formation sand rock. As a conclusion, the nano emulsion produced from waste cooking oil can potentially be used for EOR. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Emulsions

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