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Synthesis of nano emulsion from waste cooking oil for enhanced oil recovery applications

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期606卷

作者： M I I M Noor A Islam S Saalah C C Ken S M Anisuzzaman Z Kamin Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jessore University of Science and Technology Bangladesh Energy Research Unit Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a tertiary method to extract potential oil in a matured well. Emulsion, which is one EOR method has properties which enable it to recover oil remains in reservoir rocks of the matured well. Nano sized emulsion or nano emulsion able to recover trapped oil, by capillary force in fine pores of the reservoir rock. Nano emulsion reduces the oil-water interfacial tension and therefore changes the wettability of the reservoir rock. However, the nano emulsion is uneconomical and unstable. Therefore, this work aimed to produce nano emulsions by using low cost waste cooking oil, Tween 80 and Span 80. Ultra-sonication was used to reduce the size of the emulsion. The concentration of surfactant, power of ultra-sonication and time of sonication were varied to study the stability of the oil-in-water and size of the emulsion using the Malvern Zetasizer. The nano emulsion was then tested on a crude oil soak meligan formation sand rock to test the performance of the nano emulsion. The result show values of zeta potential and droplet size were - 15.3 mV and 262.1 *** respectively. The emulsion droplet sizes were about 500 nm with milky white appearance. The nano emulsion shows positive results as 63.89 % crude oil displaced from the soaked meligan formation sand rock. As a conclusion, the nano emulsion produced from waste cooking oil can potentially be used for EOR.

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The Effectiveness of Various Bimetallic on Iron-Zeolite Catalyst by Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期268卷

作者： Nurazni Amat Bahari Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak Muneer M. Ba-Abbad Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Petroleum Hadhramout University Mukalla Hadhramout Yemen.

Nowadays, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) getting worse and increasing year by year due to the open burning, transportation, deforestation, use of synthetic fertilizer and industrial process. The concentration of CO2 has reached 406.99ppm since August 2018. This can cause global warming, rising sea level, climate change and etc. Therefore, an intensive research was done to control this issues on hydrogenation of CO2 reaction by using composite catalyst. A series of X/Fe-Zeolite (X=Co, Cu, Pd and Ni) were synthesized by sol-gel method that using oxalic acid and precursors of nitrate. The Fe-Zeolite act as both a support and a co-catalyst while bi-metal served as promoter for CO2 hydrogenation. Parameters that involved for synthesized the composite which are fixed weight ratio of X:Fe:Zeolite (0.1:1.25:2), the polyethylene glycol (PEG) of 2 mL and calcine temperature of 500°C. Then, the composite was evaluated on CO2 hydrogenation at temperature reaction of 130°C, pressure CO2:H2 of 1:3.5 bar, weight catalyst of 0.2g and time reaction of 6 hours in liquid 1,4-dioxane solvent. Formic acid (FA) was the major product in this research. The effectiveness of composite was studied after addition of bi-metal onto the surface area Fe-Zeolite can boosted the production of FA or not. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) determined the morphological and textural properties of the synthesized catalysts and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) while the formation of FA from CO2 hydrogenation reaction was evaluated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). By this way it can reduced the concentration of CO2 at atmosphere and getting value-added product from the reaction.

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Sonication assisted transesterification of Jatropha oil for the production of biodiesel: A kinetic study

Sonication assisted transesterification of Jatropha oil for ...

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7th Brunei International Conference on engineering and Technology 2018 (BICET 2018)

作者： D. M. Reddy Prasad Valerian Victor Kong D. Sathiyamoorthy Ahmad Z. Sulaiman R. Senthilkumar N. W. Yahya Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Kuantan Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Kuantan Pahang College of Applied Sciences PO Box no. 135 Postal code 311 Sohar Sultanate of Oman

Fossil-based fuels are main sources for atmospheric pollution and global warming. Biodiesel is the most attractive alternative fuel to the fast depletion of fossil oil. Jatropha oil is renewable non edible oil with high percentage of free fatty acids (FFAs). It generally forms soap in the presence of alkali catalyst during the production of biodiesel. In order to overcome this problem, we attempted to produce biodiesel through two-step transesterification. In the first step 1 wt % sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) in oil was used for transesterification of Jatropha oil at 60°C in the mixture of one part of acid free oil with six parts of methanol. The first step was carried out to reduce the FFAs content to a minimal value. In the second step Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) catalyzed esterification was carried out at 60°C to convert FFA free Jatropha oil to biodiesel. Sonication at 20 KHz was used in both the steps. Sonication could help achieving intensive mixing of the reaction mixture during transesterification process. The conversion of biodiesel was estimated through hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance. We could achieve in the first step 99% reduction of FFA followed by 92% conversion of resultant Jatropha oil to biodiesel in 45 min. The reaction rate constants k for transesterification were estimated at different temperatures and the rate equation was derived. We conclude that the two step transesterification is likely to be a most promising environment friendly method to convert Jatropha to biodiesel.

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Microbial production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from rubber seed oil using Cupriavidus necator H16

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IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期398卷

作者： DM Reddy Prasad Mohammad Hazwan Bin Azri Pendyala, Rajashekhar Senthilkumar, R Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme area Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Brunei Darussalam. Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia. College of Applied Sciences PO Box no. 135 Postal code 311 Sohar Sultanate of Oman

Rubber seed oil is inedible plant oil that is a potential replacement for the traditional organic building blocks used in PHB biosynthesis. Herein we describe the biosynthesis of PHB by Cupriavidus necator H16 grown in media with rubber seed oil and urea serving as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The method was optimized over a temperature range of 30-50 °C for batch culture studies. A maximized PHB concentration of 15.4 g/L, and dry well weight of 19.2 g/L was obtained using 20 g/L of rubber seed oil at 30°C. Experimental results were used to generate a logistic curve, and the Luedeking-Piret model was implemented to predict the specific growth rate of C. necator at 0.1898 1/h. The estimated rate constants were in good agreement with experimental values. This study demonstrated that rubber seed oil is a viable alternative to conventional carbon sources for the production of PHB using *** H16.

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Rapid adsorption of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution using multiwall carbon nanotubes synthesized by microwave chemical vapor deposition technique

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 143-155页

作者： Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak Jaya Narayan Sahu Ezzat Chan Abdullah Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Sarawak Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of Engineering Institut Teknologi Brunei Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jalan Semarak

Multiwall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） were synthesized using a tubular microwave chemical vapor deposition technique, using acetylene and hydrogen as the precursor gases and ferrocene as catalyst. The novel MWCNT samples were tested for their performance in terms of Pb（Ⅱ）binding. The synthesized MWCNT samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared（FT-IR）, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller（BET）, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy（FESEM） analysis, and the adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） was studied as a function of p H,initial Pb（Ⅱ） concentration, MWCNT dosage, agitation speed, and adsorption time, and process parameters were optimized. The adsorption data followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. On the basis of the Langmuir model, Qmaxwas calculated to be 104.2 mg/g for the microwave-synthesized MWCNTs. In order to investigate the dynamic behavior of MWCNTs as an adsorbent, the kinetic data were modeled using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. Different thermodynamic parameters, viz., ΔH0, ΔS0and ΔG0were evaluated and it was found that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The statistical analysis revealed that the optimum conditions for the highest removal（99.9%） of Pb（Ⅱ） are at p H 5, MWCNT dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed 160 r/min and time of 22.5 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Our results proved that microwave-synthesized MWCNTs can be used as an effective Pb（Ⅱ） adsorbent due to their high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.

关键词： Microwave Heavy metal Wastewater treatment Adsorption MWCNTs Lead

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Optimization of protein yields in water extracts of Jackiopsis ornata roots by response surface methodology using microwave assisted extraction (MAE)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2019年第1期2068卷

作者： H. E. Abugabr Elhag A. Naila A. Ajit A. Z. Sulaiman W. F. W. Ishak Badhrulhisham Abd Aziz Reddy Prasad 1Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Malaysia (UMP) Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Pahang Dural Makmur Malaysia 2The Maldives National University Central administration Rahdhebai Hingun Machangolhi Male Maldives 3Faculty of Bio-Engineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus Locked Bag No. 100 17600 Jeli Kelantan Malaysia 4Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Faculty of Engineering Tungku Highway Gadong BE1410 Negara Brunei Darussalam Universiti Teknologi Brunei Brunei

Optimization of protein yields in water extracts that were obtained from Jackiopsis ornata roots by Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was established by a Circumscribed Central Composite Design (CCCD). MAE proved to be an optimum choice for the protein extraction. The highest yield (20.425±108) was obtained with the parameters liquid to solid ratio (S= 30:1), particle size (P=0.022±0.002mm (radius), temperature (T= 65°C); microwave power (W= 300W) and extraction time (t= 20 minutes). Statistical analysis illustrated the adequacy of the generated full quadratic equation with ad high values of the coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination R2adj and predicted coefficient p of determination R2pred The p value of the Lack of Fit test illustrated the adequacy of the model. The optimization conditions of extracting the protein was predicted to be with the parameters S: 26, P: 0.0284; T: 65 °C; P: 303 W and t: 20 min. The high efficiency of MAE to obtain J. ornata protein extract encouraged further application on pilot and industrial scale.

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Numerical modeling of reactive solute transport in a single fracture with matrix diffusion under complex boundary condition

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ISH Journal of Hydraulic engineering 2015年第2期21卷 125-141页

作者： Suresh Kumar, G. Rakesh, T.V. Petroleum Engineering Programme Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology - Madras Chennai India

A numerical model using finite volume QUICK scheme has been developed for simulating the transport behavior of solutes in a coupled fracture-matrix system for pulse-type boundary condition as against the conventional constant continuous source-type boundary condition, which essentially reflects the reality better, as it is practically not feasible for any source type to discharge it continuously with the same magnitude for a very long period. The sensitivity of fracture and rock matrix parameters, namely fracture aperture thickness, matrix porosity, and matrix diffusion coefficient have been analyzed under this complex boundary condition. In addition, the role of nonlinear sorption as well as decay has also been investigated. Numerical results suggest that the reduction in relative concentration within the fracture resulting from pulse-type boundary condition should always not be mistaken for matrix diffusion. It has been concluded from the present numerical study that segregating and quantifying the role on individual components, namely (a) source exhaustion (pulse-type boundary condition);(b) matrix diffusion;(c) sorption;and (d) decay in characterizing the resultant transport behavior of solutes in a single fracture with matrix diffusion under a pulse-type boundary condition remains challenging and needs further research. © 2014 © 2014 Indian Society for Hydraulics.

关键词： Boundary conditions

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Numerical modelling on rate-limited dissolution mass transfer of entrapped petroleum hydrocarbons in a saturated sub-surface system

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ISH Journal of Hydraulic engineering 2016年第1期22卷 3-15页

作者： Vasudevan, M. Suresh Kumar, G. Nambi, Indumathi M. Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India Petroleum Engineering Programme Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India

petroleum hydrocarbons generally referred to as light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) entrapped within a saturated subsurface geological formation can result in longer duration of contamination due to mass transfer limitations associated with heterogeneity of the system. Considering a part of the total pore volume as immobile is significant in capturing the behaviour of extended tailing by solute breakthrough profiles. In this context, the present numerical model investigates dissolution characteristics of residual petroleum hydrocarbons (LNAPL) resulting from both mobile and immobile domains under varying conditions of rate-limited diffusive mass transfer, longitudinal dispersivity and mean mobile fluid velocity in a saturated groundwater system. The numerical results suggest that the influence of residual LNAPL saturation on dissolution mass transfer coefficient is critical in comparison with mobile flow velocity and dispersivity. In addition, the rate-limited effect becomes predominant with significant increase in advective velocity and reduction in residual LNAPL saturation for structured porous media. It is concluded from this study that the transport of dissolved contaminant is dominated by advection at the mobile pores, while the diffusive equilibrium at the immobile volume is significant in characterizing the extended tailing and subsequently determines the overall mass transfer resistance. © 2015 Indian Society for Hydraulics.

关键词： Mass transfer

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Statistical modeling and optimization of a multistage gas-solid fluidized bed for removing pollutants from flue gases

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Particuology 2015年第5期13卷 72-81页

作者： K.Mahalik Y.K.Mohanty K.C.Biswal G.K.Roy J.N.Sahu Department of Chemical Engineering Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area Faculty of EngineeringInstitut Teknologi Brunei(A Technology University)

The present paper describes the statistical modeling and optimization of a multistage gas-solid fluidized bed reactor for the control of hazardous pollutants in flue gas. In this work, we study the hydrodynamics of the pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity. The hydrodynamics of a three-stage fluidized bed are then compared with those for a single-stage unit. It is observed that the total pressure drop over all stages of the three-stage fluidized bed is less than that of an identical single-stage system. However, the minimum fluidization velocity is higher in the single-stage unit. Under identical conditions, the minimum fluidization velocity is highest in the top bed, and lowest in the bottom bed. This signifies that the behavior of solids changes from a well-mixed flow to a plug-flow, with intermediate behavior in the middle bed.

关键词： Fluidized bed Multi-stage Pressure drop Minimum fluidization velocity Optimization

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Numerical modelling of microbial enhanced oil recovery process under the effect of reservoir temperature, pH and microbial sorption kinetics

Numerical modelling of microbial enhanced oil recovery proce...

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SPE Asia Pacific Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference, EORC 2015

作者： Sivasankar, P. Govindarajan, Suresh Kumar Petroleum Engineering Programme Department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781510813434

The present work numerically investigates the effect of reservoir temperature and pH on microbial growth and its transport within the reservoir which undergoes the reversible sorption kinetics. Further, the present work also studies the influence of reservoir temperature and pH on changes in interfacial tension between oil and water, capillary pressure and its impact on microscopic oil displacement efficiency. The microbe used is strain of Bacillus sp and the nutrient supplied to microbe is molasses. For this purpose, a novel mathematical model is developed which describes the coupled multiphase fluid flow and multispecies reactive transport in porous media which occurs during the MEOR process. Moreover, in the present work, the first order Monod kinetics equation is expressed as a function of temperature and pH which dictates the microbial growth rate. The developed mathematical model is sloved numerically by finite volume discretization technique and the results are found to be numerically stable and validated with the experimental results. The numerical data used for validation and for numerical simulation studies are presented. The results suggest that the oil displacement efficiency increases as the reservoir temperature and pH approaches the optimum temperature and pH required for microbes to reach its maximum growth. The present numerical model may be applied as an effective screening tool before the application of MEOR process and also serves as a reservoir simulator tool to predict the performance of MEOR process. Copyright 2015, Society of petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Numerical models

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