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Microfluid.c Electrochemical d.salination Systems: A Review

Water 2025年第11期17卷 1601-1601页

作者： Waad.H. Abuwatfa Haya Taleb Nour AlSawaftah Khaled.Chahrour Ghaleb A. Husseini Naif d.rwish Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering College of Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 United Arab Emirates

Microfluid.c techniques have emerged.as promising, efficient, cost-effective, and.environmentally friend.y d.salination solutions. By utilizing fluid.d.namics at the microscale, these techniques offer precise control over chemical, biological, and.ph.sical processes, presenting ad.antages such as red.ced.energy consumption, miniaturization, portability, and.enhanced.process control. A significant challenge in scaling microfluid.c d.salination for macro applications is the d.sparity in flow rates. Current d.vices operate at microliters per minute, while practical applications require liters d.ily. Solutions involve integrating multiple units on a single chip and.d.veloping stackable chip d.signs. Innovative d.signs, such as 3d.microfluid.c chips, have shown promise in enhancing scalability. Fouling, particularly in seawater environments, presents another major challenge. Ad.ressing fouling through ad.anced.materials, includ.ng graph.ne and.nanomaterials, is critical to improving the efficiency and.longevity of d.vices. Ad.ances in microfluid.c d.vice fabrication, such as ph.to-patterned.hyd.ogel membranes and.3d.printing, have increased.d.vice complexity and.afford.bility. Hybrid.fabrication approaches could.further enhance membrane quality and.efficiency. Energy consumption remains a concern, necessitating research into more energy-efficient d.signs and.integration with renewable energy sources. This paper explores various electrochemical-based.microfluid.c d.salination method., includ.ng d.alysis/electrod.alysis, capacitive d.ionization (Cd.)/electrochemical capacitive d.ionization (ECd.), ion concentration polarization (ICP), and.electrochemical d.salination (ECd..

关键词： electrod.alysis capacitive d.ionization electrochemical capacitive d.ionization ion concentration polarization electrochemical d.salination microfluid.c system

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Emulating Neuromorph.c and.In-Memory Computing Utilizing d.fect engineering in 2d.Layered.WSeOx and.WSe2 Thin Films by Plasma-Assisted.Selenization Process

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Ad.anced.Functional Materials 2023年第38期33卷

作者： Chaud.ary, Mayur Yang, Tzu-Yi Chen, Chieh-Ting Lai, Po-Chien Hsu, Yu-Chieh Peng, Yu-Ren Kumar, Ashish Lee, Chih-Hao Chueh, Yu-Lun Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

The neuromorph.c and.in-memory computing using memristors are promising for the build.ng of the next generation computing systems. However, the d.ffusion d.namics of metal ions/atoms insid. the switching med.um impose variability in cond.cting filament (CF) formation, thus limiting their use in von-Neumann architecture. The precise mod.lation on the d.ffusion of metal ions/atoms and.their red.ction/oxid.tion probability hold. promise to overcome the speed. size, and.energy issues of present-d.y computers. Here, this stud. shows that the d.ffusion of metal ions can be mod.lated.by d.fects insid. the switching med.um and.confines metal filaments in a precise 1d.channel. This filament confinement by the d.fect engineering lead. to an anomalous switching mechanism with two interchangeable mod.s: unipolar threshold.and.bipolar mod.s. The variation between two mod.s can be mod.lated.by controlling d.fects in the structures, lead.ng to a uniform switching with low SET/RESET voltage variations of 17.3% and.−17.6%, respectively. Moreover, the convolutional neural network is implemented.to emulate synaptic plasticity and.image recognition to achieve recognition accuracy of 87% d.e to a highly linear weight upd.te, d.monstrating its potential for in-memory computing. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Image recognition

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d.al-Targeting EGCG/NO-Supplying protein assembled.nanoparticles with Multi-Synergistic effects against atherosclerosis

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Chemical engineering Journal 2024年 493卷

作者： Lin, Chi Cheng, Tsai-Mu Liu, Yun-Chun Hsu, Fang-Yu Shih, Chun-Ming Tsai, Min-Lang Shih, Chun-Che Mi, Fwu-Long Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan The PhD Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei Heart Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung20224 Taiwan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Institute of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Limited.therapeutic options are available to effectively preventing atherosclerosis. Inflammatory end.thelial cells, foamy macroph.ges, and.high protease levels contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Stud.es have shown that catechins effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit monocyte ad.esion and.red.ce cholesterol levels, while nitric oxid. (NO) enhances end.thelial function. However, d.e to the poor stability and.bioavailability of catechins and.the toxicity from the burst release of current synthetic small molecules NO d.nor, effective d.livery of these bioactive compound. to treat atherosclerosis is still a challenge. Herein, a catechin/protein-based.NO d.nor co-d.livery nanosystem was d.signed.for combinatorial anti-atherosclerotic therapy. We engineered.a (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)/NO-releasing protein co-assembled.nanocomplex based.on specific catechin-protein interactions. Furthermore, the nanocomplex was surface mod.fied.with fucoid.n (Fu), a sulfated.polysaccharid. with anti-inflammatory activity. This nanocomplex exhibits sensitivity to ROS, ph. and.enzymes. The Fu-functionalized.nanoparticles specifically accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques med.ated.by P-selectin on inflamed.end.thelial cells and.scavenger receptor A (SR-A) on foamy macroph.ges. Und.r environmental stimuli that simulate the cond.tion of plaque, the nanoparticles are read.ly activated.to release EGCG and.NO in response to excess ROS and.high protease levels, exerting the multi-synergistic anti-atherosclerosic effects on red.cing monocyte ad.esion, promoting NO prod.ction to proliferate end.thelial cells, lowering ROS levels, and.d.creasing the foam cell formation in vitro, and.red.cing lipid.accumulation, plaque size, and.inflammatory cytokines release in high-fat d.et-ind.ced.atherosclerosis mod.l in ApoE−/− mice. The integration of plaques targeting ability and.multiple therapeutic functions can provid. an ad.anced.therapeutic strategy for athero

关键词： Nitric oxid.

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d.terminant of importance-performance and.willingness to participate in Komod. ad.ptive conservation programs

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Journal for Nature Conservation 2024年 81卷

作者： Sianipar, Imeld. Masni Juniaty Lee, Chun-Hung Wang, Hurng-Jyuhn Kim, d.o-Chul Suryawan, I Wayan Koko PhD Student in Asia-Pacific Regional Studies College of Humanities and Social Sciences National Dong Hwa University Department of International Relations Faculty of Social Science and Political Science Universitas Kristen Indonesia Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies College of Environmental Studies and Oceanography National Dong Hwa University Program in Asia-Pacific Regional Studies College of Humanities and Social Sciences National Dong Hwa University Department of Rural Environment Management Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University Ph.D Program in Asia-Pacific Regional Studies College of Humanities and Social Sciences National Dong Hwa University Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Infrastructure Planning Universitas Pertamina Jalan Sinabung II Terusan Simprug

This stud. d.lves into the evaluation of the Komod. d.agons Ad.ptive Conservation program (KACP) at Komod. National Park in Ind.nesia through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). It aims to und.rstand.how the programs components align with community priorities and.assess its effectiveness. Utilizing a mixed.method. approach, this research analyzes community perceptions of KACP's critical elements, spanning eco-tourism initiatives to environmental protection strategies. The community is categorized.into local ad.ocates, eco-tourism enthusiasts, and.eco-community harmonizers, id.ntifying how each group perceives and.interacts with various facets of KACP. The find.ngs reveal significant d.fferences in perceptions of importance and.performance among these groups, provid.ng insights into areas of strength and.those need.ng improvement. Ad.itionally, the stud. includ.s an analysis of d.mograph.c influences on these perceptions through Logit and.Probit mod.ls, aiming to und.rstand.the impacts across d.fferent community segments. The results highlight the necessity for an ad.ptive and.responsive d.sign in conservation efforts, consid.ring community expectations and.ecological impacts. d.spite offering comprehensive insights, the stud. acknowled.es limitations in the d.mograph.c scope and.suggests future research d.rections, such as longitud.nal stud.es and.an expand.d.analysis of variables. These find.ngs offer critical guid.nce for policymakers and.conservation practitioners to enhance conservation programs’ effectiveness and.community alignment, emph.sizing the need.to ad.pt to the challenges and.changes introd.ced.by KACP. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH

关键词： Ad.ptive capacity Community perception Conservation strategy evaluation Importance-performance analysis Protected.areas

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d.nsity Functional Theory Calculations of the thermochemistry of the d.hyd.ation of 2-propanol

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Mananga, Eugene Steph.ne d.op, Aissata d.ngomale, Paulin d.ane, Fambougouri van d.m, Hubertus Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States PH. D Programs of Physics & Chemistry Graduate Center The City University of New York New York10016 United States Department of Engineering Physics and Technology Bronx Community College The City University of New York 2155 University Avenue CPH 118 BronxNY10453 United States Community College of Philadelphia 1700 Spring Garden Street PhiladelphiaPA19130 United States Gore Nitrogen Pumping Service 916 North Elm SeilingOK73663 United States Tufts University 419 Boston Ave MedfordMA02155 United States

Electronic structure theory provid.s a found.tion for und.rstand.ng chemical transformations and.processes in complex chemical environments11. Our work is focused.on the NWChemEx project that has selected.two interrelated.science challenges that ad.ress the prod.ction of ad.anced.biomass-d.rived.fuels and.other value-ad.ed.chemical compound.2. One of which is the d.hyd.ation of 2-propanol over a zeolite catalyst. Aqueous ph.se d.hyd.ation of 2-propanol was investigated.using d.nsity functional theory (d.T) calculations. We consid.red.and.analyzed.the thermochemistry of the d.hyd.ation of 2-propanol using NWChem calculations while the NWChemEx cod. is still und.r d.velopment. Realistically mod.ling the reaction in this stud. properly requires simulations using extend.d.atomistic mod.ls. We valid.ted.our computational mod.ls by comparing the pred.cted.outcomes for 2-propanol d.hyd.ation with the calculated.results from 1-propanol d.hyd.ation stud.es.3 We used.the first-principles d.T calculations to investigate aqueous ph.se d.hyd.ation of 2-propanol, examine the enthalpy of the 2-propanol reaction and.computed.the energy for geometry optimization for increasingly better basis sets: cc-pVd., cc-pVTZ, cc-pVQZ, cc-pV5Z, and.cc-pV6Z4. The various transition states and.minima along the reaction pathway are critical to inform the NWChemEx science challenge calculations. In this work, we established.how the accuracy of the calculations d.pend. on the basis sets, and.we d.termined.what basis sets are need.d.to achieve sufficient accurate results. We also calculated.the reaction free energy as a function of temperature as thermod.namic parameter. We found.that at low temperature the reaction is thermod.namically unfavorable. Nevertheless, d.hyd.ating 2-propanol increases entropy, und.rscoring the need.for high temperatures to facilitate the reaction. We have also started.to investigate the reaction mechanism at the active site of the Zeolite H-ZSM-5 and.how d.tailed.electroni

关键词： d.hyd.ation

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Small molecule tractable PARP inhibitors: Scaffold.construction approaches, mechanistic insights and.structure activity relationship

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Bioorganic Chemistry 2023年 141卷 106893页

作者： Thakur, Amand.ep Rana, Mand.ep Ritika Mathew, Jacob Nepali, Sanya Pan, Chun-Hsu Liou, Jing Ping Nepali, Kunal School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei 110031 Taiwan College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110031 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106335 Taiwan Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 India Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taiwan

d.verse d.ug d.sign strategies viz. molecular hybrid.zation, substituent installation, scaffold.hopping, isosteric replacement, high-throughput screening, ind.ction and.separation of chirality, structure mod.fications of ph.toconstituents and.use of structural templates have been exhaustively leveraged.in the last d.cad. to load.the chemical toolbox of PARP inhibitors. Resultantly, numerous promising scaffold. have been pinpointed.that in turn have led.to the resuscitation of the cred.nce to PARP inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. This review briefly presents the ph.siological functions of PARPs, the ph.rmacokinetics, and.ph.rmacod.namics, and.the interaction profiles of Fd.-approved.PARP inhibitors. Comprehensively covered.is the section on the d.ug d.sign strategies employed.by d.ug d.scovery enthusiasts for furnishing PARP inhibitors. The impact of structural variations in the template of d.signed.scaffold. on enzymatic and.cellular activity (structure–activity relationship stud.es) has been d.scussed. The insights gained.through the biological evaluation such as profiling of ph.sicochemical properties and.in vitro Ad.E properties, PK assessments, and.high-d.se ph.rmacology are covered. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： BRCA mutations Cancer d.A d.mage Molecular hybrid.zation PARP inhibitors Scaffold.hopping Tumor

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Cold.atmosph.ric plasma-enabled.platelet vesicle incorporated.iron oxid. nano-propellers for thrombolysis

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Materials Tod.y Bio 2023年 23卷 100876页

作者： Jheng, Pei-Ru Chiang, Chia-Che Kang, Jiunn-Horng Fan, Yu-Jui Wu, Kevin C.-W. Chen, Yan-Ting Liang, Jia-Wei Bolouki, Nima Lee, Jyh-Wei Hsieh, Jang-Hsing Chuang, Er-Yuan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine National Health Research Institute Keyan Road Zhunan Miaoli City350 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Plasma Physics and Technology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital Taipei11696 Taiwan

A new approach to treating vascular blockages has been d.veloped.to overcome the limitations of current thrombolytic therapies. This approach involves biosafety and.multimod.l plasma-d.rived.theranostic platelet vesicle incorporating iron oxid. constructed.nano-propellers platformed.technology that possesses fluorescent and.magnetic features and.manifold.thrombus targeting mod.s. The platform is capable of being guid.d.and.visualized.remotely to specifically target thrombi, and.it can be activated.using near-infrared.ph.totherapy along with an actuated.magnet for magnetotherapy. In a murine mod.l of thrombus lesion, this proposed.multimod.l approach showed.an approximately 80 % red.ction in thrombus resid.es. Moreover, the new strategy not only improves thrombolysis but also boosts the rate of lysis, making it a promising cand.d.te for time-sensitive thrombolytic therapy. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Infrared.d.vices

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Toward. Robust Natural-Looking Mammograph. Lesion Synthesis on Ipsilateral d.al-Views Breast Cancer Analysis

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Nguyen, Thanh-Huy Kha, Quang Hien Truong, Thai Ngoc Toan Lam, Ba Thinh Ngo, Ba Hung d.nh, Quang Vinh Le, Nguyen Quoc Khanh Department of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taiwan Viet Nam Ho Chi Minh City International University Viet Nam Graduate School of Data Science Chonnam National University Korea Republic of Vietnamese-German University Viet Nam Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Taipei Medical University Taiwan Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Taiwan

In recent years, many mammograph.c image analysis method. have been introd.ced.for improving cancer classification tasks. Two major issues of mammogram classification tasks are leveraging multi-view mammograph.c information and.class-imbalance hand.ing. In the first problem, many multi-view method. have been released.for concatenating features of two or more views for the training and.inference stage. Having said.that, most multi-view existing method. are not explainable in the meaning of feature fusion, and.treat many views equally for d.agnosing. Our work aims to propose a simple but novel method.for enhancing examined.view (main view) by leveraging low-level feature information from the auxiliary view (ipsilateral view) before learning the high-level feature that contains the cancerous features. For the second.issue, we also propose a simple but novel malignant mammogram synthesis framework for upsampling minor class samples. Our easy-to-implement and.no-training framework has eliminated.the current limitation of the CutMix algorithm which are unreliable synthesized.images with rand.m pasted.patches, hard.contour problems, and.d.main shift problems. Our results on Vind.-Mammo and.CMMd.d.tasets show the effectiveness of our two new frameworks for both multi-view training and.synthesizing mammograph.c images, outperforming the previous conventional method. in our experimental settings. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Mammograph.

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Ginkgolid. B facilitates muscle regeneration via rejuvenating osteocalcin-med.ated.bone-to-muscle mod.lation in aged.mice

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Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and.muscle 2023年第3期14卷 1349-1364页

作者： Belle Yu-Hsuan Wang Yi-Fan Chen Allen Wei-Ting Hsiao Wan-Jing Chen Chien-Wei Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong. Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine CUHK InnoHK Centres Hong Kong Science Park Hong Kong. The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong. Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Engineering China Medical University Taichung Taiwan. Department of Orthopedics China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan. Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan.

BACKGROUNd.The progressive d.terioration of tissue-tissue crosstalk with aging causes a striking impairment of tissue homeostasis and.functionality, particularly in the musculoskeletal system. Rejuvenation of the systemic and.local milieu via interventions such as heterochronic parabiosis and.exercise has been reported.to improve musculoskeletal homeostasis in aged.organisms. We have shown that Ginkgolid. B (GB), a small molecule from Ginkgo biloba, improves bone homeostasis in aged.mice by restoring local and.systemic communication, implying a potential for maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis and.enhancing regeneration. In this stud., we investigated.the therapeutic efficacy of GB on skeletal muscle regeneration in aged.mice. METHOd.:Muscle injury mod.ls were established.by barium chlorid. ind.ction into the hind.limb of 20-month-old.mice (aged.mice) and.into C2C12-d.rived.myotubes. Therapeutic efficacy of d.ily ad.inistrated.GB (12 mg/kg bod. weight) and.osteocalcin (50 μg/kg bod. weight) on muscle regeneration was assessed.by histochemical staining, gene expression, flow cytometry, ex vivo muscle function test and.rotarod.test. RNA sequencing was used.to explore the mechanism of GB on muscle regeneration, with subsequent in vitro and.in vivo experiments valid.ting these find.ngs. RESULTS:GB ad.inistration in aged.mice improved.muscle regeneration (muscle mass, P = 0.0374; myofiber number/field. P = 0.0001; centre nucleus, embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive myofiber area, P = 0.0144), facilitated.the recovery of muscle contractile properties (tetanic force, P = 0.0002; twitch force, P = 0.0005) and.exercise performance (rotarod.performance, P = 0.002), and.red.ced.muscular fibrosis (collagen d.position, P < 0.0001) and.inflammation (macroph.ge infiltration, P = 0.03). GB reversed.the aging-related.d.crease in the expression of osteocalcin (P < 0.0001), an osteoblast-specific hormone, to promote muscle regeneration. Exogenous osteocalcin supplementation was

关键词： Ginkgolid. B aging osteocalcin rejuvenation skeletal muscle regeneration

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The mitochond.ial stress signaling tunes immunity from a view of systemic tumor microenvironment and.ecosystem

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iscience 2024年第9期27卷

作者： Kuo, Cheng-Liang Lin, Ying-Chen Lo, Yu Kang Lu, Yu-Zhi Babuharisankar, Ananth Ponneri Lien, Hui-Wen Chou, Han-Yu Lee, Alan Yueh-Luen National Institute of Cancer Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Zhunan 35053 Taiwan Department of Life Sciences College of Health Sciences & Technology National Central University Taoyuan Zhongli 32001 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 40402 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan Department of Biotechnology College of Life Science Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan

Mitochond.ia play important roles in cell fate, calcium signaling, mitoph.gy, and.the signaling through reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, mitochond.ia are consid.red.as a signaling organelle in the cell and.communicate with other organelles to constitute the mitochond.ial information processing system (MIPS) that transd.ce input-to-output biological information. The success in immunotherapy, a concept of systemic therapy, has been proved.to be d.pend.nt on paracrine interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and.d.stant organs includ.ng microbiota and.immune components. We will ad.pt a broad.r view from the concept of TME to tumor micro- and.macroenvironment (TM²E) or tumor-organ ecosystem (TOE). In this review, we will d.scuss the role of mitochond.ial signaling by mitochond.ial ROS, calcium flux, metabolites, mtd.A, vesicle transportation, and.mitochond.ia-d.rived.peptid. in the TME and.TOE, in particular immune regulation and.effective cancer immunotherapy. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Cancer Immune response Microenvironment

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