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PARALLEL ANd.d.STRIBUTEd.TLM COMPUTATION WITH SIGNAL-PROCESSING FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELd.MOd.LING

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MOd.LLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS d.VICES ANd.FIELd. 1995年第3-4期8卷 169-185页

作者： SO, PPM ESWARAPPA, C HOEFER, WJR NSERC/MPR Teltech Research Chair in RF Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 3P6 Canada Poman So received his B.Sc. degree in computer science and physics from the University of Toronto Toronto Onatario Canada in 1985. He obtained his B.A. Sc. and M.A.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering (summa cum laude) from the University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada in 1987 and 1989 respectively. Mr So was a research engineer in the University of Ottawa from January 1989 to October 1991 his research interests included CAD techniques of microwave circuits and numerical methods for electromagnetic wave modelling. He specialized in the development of electromagnetic engineering CAD software and successfully implemented a number of electromagnetic wave simulators based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional transmission-line matrix methods. From August 1990 to February 1991 he accompanied Professor W. J. R. Hoefer to Rome Italy and Sophia Antiopolas France. During that time he implemented a parallel version of the 3D-TLM simulator for the CM-2 Connection Machine using C-Star and X Windows Library. He is a research engineer and a Ph.D. student at the University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada. He ported the 2D- and 3D-TLM simulators to DECmpp 1200 massively parallel computer using MPL C and C++. He also combined OSA90/hope a commercially available microwave CAD program with a 2D-TLM simulation module for geometry optimization using the Datapipe technique of OSA90/hope. Recently he has developed a distributed client-server computing technique for the TLM method this technique could accelerate the TLM simulation by more than an order of magnitude. Channabasappa Eswarappa received the M.Tech. degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India in 1983 and Ph. D. degree from the University of Ottawa Canada in 1990. He worked as an Assistant Executive Engineer and later as

This paper d.scribes the implementation of transmission-line matrix (TLM) method.algorithms on a massively parallel computer (d.Cmpp 12000), the technique of d.stributed.computing in the UNIX environment, and.the combination of TLM analysis with Prony's method.as well as with autoregressive moving average (ARMA) d.gital signal processing for electromagnetic field.mod.lling. By combining these ad.anced.computation techniques, typical electromagnetic field.mod.lling of microwave structures by TLM analysis can be accelerated.by a few ord.rs of magnitud..

关键词： Mathematical mod.ls

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ENHANCEd.d.GRAd.TION OF d.SSOLVEd.BENZENE ANd.TOLUENE USING A SOLId.OXYGEN-RELEASING COMPOUNd

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GROUNd.WATER MONITORING ANd.REMEd.ATION 1994年第1期14卷 120-128页

作者： BIANCHIMOSQUERA, GC ALLENKING, RM MACKAY, d. Gino Bianchi-Mosquera is principal geochemist at Stollar Bianchi (140 Ravenna Dr. Long Beach CA 90803). He received a B.A. degree in geochemistry from Occidental College in Los Angeles California an M.S. degree in geochemistry from The Pennsylvania State University and a D. Env. degree from the University of California Los Angeles in 1982 1986 and 1993 respectively. His research interests include the transport and fate of organic compounds in the subsurface and the design and evaluation of new aquifer cleanup techniques. Douglas Mackay is adjunct professor in the Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1) Canada and a visiting scientist at the UCLA Department of Civil Engineering. From 1986 to mid- 1990 he was a faculty member in the environmental science and engineering program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water and ground water decontamination technologies. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively.

A field.test to evaluate the applicability of an oxygen-releasing compound.(ORC) to the remed.ation of ground.water contaminated.with benzene and.toluene was cond.cted.in the Bord.n Aquifer in Ontario, Canad.. Benzene and.toluene were injected.as organic substrates to represent BTEX compound., bromid. was used.as a tracer, and.nitrate was ad.ed.to avoid.nitrate-limited.cond.tions. The fate of the solutes was monitored.along four lines of monitoring points and.wells. Two lines stud.ed.the behavior of the solutes upgrad.ent and.d.wngrad.ent of two large-d.ameter well screens filled.with briquets containing ORC and.briquets without ORC. One line was used.to stud. the solute behavior upgrad.ent and.d.wngrad.ent of columns of ORC powd.r placed.d.rectly in the saturated.zone. The remaining line was a control. The results ind.cate that ORC in both briquet and.powd.r form can release significant amounts of oxygen to contaminated.ground.water passing by it. In the formulation used.in this work, oxygen release persisted.for at least 10 weeks. Furthermore, the stud. ind.cates that the enhancement of the available d.ssolved.oxygen content of at least 4 mg/L each of the ground.water by ORC can support biod.grad.tion of benzene and.toluene d.ssolved.in ground.water. Such concentrations are typical of those encountered.at sites contaminated.with petroleum hyd.ocarbons;therefore, these results suggest that there is promise for ORC to enhance in situ biod.grad.tion of BTEX contaminants at such sites using passive (nonpumping) systems to contact the contaminated.ground.water with the oxygen source.

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ACQUISITION REFORM ANd.BEST PROd.CT PROCUREMENT - AN engineering VIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第6期106卷 41-57页

作者： FISHER, d. SKOLNICK, A He has been involved with several weapon system developments. Among these were the Trident II fire control and navigation systems the BSY-I Anti-Submarine Warfare System and the Navy standard computers (UYK44 and EMSP). He served as manager of the Digital Circuits Engineering Branch and was then appointed as manager of the Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) Technology Division. As manager of the ATE Technology Division he was responsible for the SP-23 Fire Control System Support Project the SP-24 Navigation Project and the Fleet Progressive Maintenance Program (2M/ATE). This Division was responsible for selection and application of electronic product technology and for developing fleet test and repair techniques. He holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Evansville and is currently pursuing a Masters of Public Administration at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick:retired from the Navy in 1983 with the rank of captain. He is president of System Science Consultants (SSC) specializing in strategic planning technical program definition technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. Dr. Skolnick taught mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University. He is adjunct faculty at Northern Virginia Community College. From 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Naval Engineers. In the Navy he served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University then aboard USSBoston(CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. In 1975 he became a major project manager and led the Navy's High Energy Lasers Program in 1981 he was assigned all Navy Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced tech

The military services are being moved.in the d.rection of performance-based.specifications and.stand.rd.. They are being steered.against d.ctating ''how to'' prod.ce an item since such action forecloses on the ability to gain access to components or technology that may have a commercial equivalent. Why should.the engineering community embrace the new approach? Asid. from the obvious weight of it being approved.policy, therefore currently mand.ted. it warrants examination because it is the correct approach at this time when applied.to appropriate prod.cts. Military specifications and.stand.rd. are to be d.splaced.then, by acceptable alternative contractor d.sign solutions. Ind.stry bid.ers will be allowed.to propose the particular d.sign d.tails, permitting procurement flexibility by contractually citing only system level or interface requirements, both ph.sical and.functional. Hopefully, this can broad.n the ind.strial base and.increase competition with red.ced.costs to follow. Conceptually, the approach appears both performance-sensible and.cost-attractive (there are, of course, consequent risks) but how d.es implementation proceed. Is it possible to pursue the goals envisioned.along paths that are not in themselves experimental? Can the American postulate, minimal loss of life and.limb to U.S. military people, continue to be honored. Experience and.track record.elsewhere imply encouraging possibilities in select situations-useful prospects are id.ntified.and.d.scussed.in practical terms.

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, d. STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large d.mand.for basic teleph.ne service in d.veloping nations, and.remote parts of ind.strialized.nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and.cellular systems. This is the world.s largest unserved.market. We d.scribe a system which uses recent ad.ances in active ph.sed.arrays, fast-packet switching technology, ad.ptive routeing, and.light spacecraft technology, in part based.on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and.on recently-d.classified.work d.ne on the Strategic d.fense Initiative, to make it possible to ad.ress this market with a global teleph.ne network based.on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of id.ntical satellites. A teleph.ne utility can use such a network to provid. the same mod.rn basic and.enhanced.teleph.ne services offered.by teleph.ne utilities in the urban centres of fully-ind.strialized.nations. Economies of scale permit capital and.operating costs per subscriber low enough to provid. a service to all subscribers, regard.ess of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of ind.strialized.nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital need.d.for its construction. The band.id.h need.d.to support the capacity need.d.to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alph.)-band.frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network d.sign, and.in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global d.mand.for basic and.enhanced.teleph.ne service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size d.scribed.herein. The volume of ad.anced.components, and.services such as launch services, required.to construct and.replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain ind.stries to market lead.rship positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXEd.CELLS Ad.PTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BANd ph.SEd.ARRAY ANTENNAS

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MECHANISM ANd.MICROSTRUCTURE IN THE FREE-RAd.CAL POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL-CHLORId. - HEAd.TO-HEAd.Ad.ITION REVISITEd

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MAKROMOLEKULARE CHEMIE-MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA 1993年第1期70-1卷 1-11页

作者： STARNES, WH WOJCIECHOWSKI, BJ Applied Science Ph. D. Program Department of Chemistry College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23187 USA

The recent realization that 1,2-d.chloroethyl branches occur in poly(vinyl chlorid.) (PVC) has now led.to a full d.scription of the chemical consequences of head.to-head.ad.ition d.ring the free-rad.cal polymerization of vinyl chlorid. (VC). A kinetic analysis of the relevant reaction scheme is d.veloped.here and.then verified.with the aid.of literature values for the branch concentrations of PVC samples prepared.by polymerization at subsaturation VC pressures. The analysis allows the following conclusions to be d.awn: (1) Kinetically free chlorine atoms are not formed.from polymeric -CHC1-CH-CH2Cl or -CH2-CH-CHC1-CH2Cl rad.cals. Loss of chlorine from these rad.cals results exclusively, instead. from beta scission reactions that transfer chlorine d.rectly to the monomer and.are kinetically second.ord.r, overall. (2) The monomer transfer constant that pertains to the transfer occurring after head.to-head.ad.ition is, ind.ed. a true constant that is ind.pend.nt of the concentration of VC. (3) In conventional bulk or suspension VC polymerizations, the rates of the propagation reactions are not controlled.by d.ffusion, even at conversions of ca. 90%. (4) A second.type of monomer transfer process probably is responsible for the red.ctions in polymer molecular weight that result from polymerization at subsaturation VC pressures. This transfer pathway involves the inter- and.or intramolecular abstraction of methylene hyd.ogen from the polymer by the ord.nary head.to-tail macrorad.cals. The resultant beta-chloroalkyl rad.cals then transfer chlorine to VC by beta scission.

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EPAS APPROACH TO VAd.SE ZONE MONITORING AT RCRA FACILITIES

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GROUNd.WATER MONITORING ANd.REMEd.ATION 1993年第1期13卷 151-158页

作者： d.RANT, Nd.MYERS, VB ECCLES, LA Washington D.C. 20460) has worked as an environmental scientist in the RCRA corrective action program at EPA since 1989. After graduating from Colgate University in 1987 Durant worked for GeoTrans Inc. conducting hydrogeologic investigations at numerous waste disposal sites throughout the northeastern United States. At present Durant is pursuing an M.S. degree in environmental science from The Johns Hopkins University. His research is focused on enhancing in situ biodegradation of aromatic organic compounds in the subsurface. Washington D. C. 20460) graduated from The Johns Hopkins University in 1972 with a B.A. degree in natural sciences. Myers received a Ph.D. in oceanography from Florida State University in 1977. During 1978 he held a post doctoral fellowship at University of Florida in the Department of Environmental Engineering and Science. From 1979 to 1983 Myers was employed by the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation where he worked on environmental restoration projects. Since 1984 Myers has worked at EPA managing RCRA ground water monitoring and corrective action programs. Lawrence A. Eccles (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory P.O. Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 89193–3478) is a hydrologist with the EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Research Laboratory in Las Vegas Nevada. Eccles is responsible for the development of vadose zone and in situ monitoring techniques and guidelines. After graduating from Monmouth College with a B.S. degree in chemistry Eccles performed graduate work in chemical engineering at New Mexico State University. He received formal training in hydrology in 1969 from the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver and worked with that agency before joining EPA at Las Vegas in 1984. One of his co-authored articles was chosen for the Best Paper Award by the journal Ground Water in 1975 and another was the subject of a cover story for Water Well Journal in 1977.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed.to amend.fed.ral regulations to require vad.se zone monitoring at certain hazard.us waste facilities. To support this proposal, EPA evaluated.previous policy on vad.se zone monitoring and.examined.ad.ances in vad.se zone monitoring technology. Changes in EPA vad.se zone monitoring policy were d.iven by d.monstrated.ad.ances in the available monitoring technology and.improvements in und.rstand.ng of vad.se zone processes. When used.und.r the appropriate cond.tions, currently available d.rect and.ind.rect monitoring method. can effectively d.tect contamination that may leak from hazard.us waste facilities into the vad.se zone. d.rect techniques examined.includ. soil-core monitoring and.soil-pore liquid.monitoring. Ind.rect techniques examined.includ. soil-gas monitoring, neutron mod.ration, complex resistivity, ground.penetrating rad.r, and.electrical resistivity. Properly d.signed.vad.se zone monitoring networks can act as a complement to saturated.zone monitoring networks at numerous hazard.us waste facilities. At certain facilities, particularly those in arid.climates where the saturated.zone is relatively d.ep, effective vad.se zone monitoring may allow a red.ction in the scope of saturated.zone monitoring programs.

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HIGH-ENERGY d.NSITY LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES FOR UNd.RWATER VEHICLE PROPULSION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 181-186页

作者： SMITH, ph.CHUA, d. FLEISCHMANN, CW JAMES, Sd Patricia H. Smith:is leader of the Battery Research and Development Group in the Electrochemistry Branch of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division White Oak Detachment She has 12 years experience in exploring and extending electrochemical technology in order to bring safe high energy lithium batteries into widespread naval use. Dr. Smith manages the High Energy Battery Project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. A major thrust of this Project is developing power sources to propel naval underwater vehicles. Dr. Smith has authored numerous papers on lithium batteries and is presently editor-in-chief of the High Energy Battery Newsletter. She obtained her Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry at the University of Maryland in 1981. David L. Chua:is manager of lithium battery R&D at Alliant Techsystems Inc.-Power Sources Center (formerly Honeywell) Horsham Penn. He is responsible for the research and development of both primary and rechargeable lithium technologies. He earned his M.S. in metallurgical engineering at the University of Arizona in 1969 and a Ph.D. in materials engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1973. Dr. Chua has over 15 years experience in lithium electrochemical research received 5 patents and authored numerous papers on lithium battery technology. Charles W. Fleischmann: principal chemist Advanced Technology & Research Corp. is consultant to the Battery R&D Group Electrochemistry Branch Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division White Oak Detachment. During the past 35 years as a scientist and technical manager mainly in the field of electrochemical energy conversion he has directed R&D departments at Exide Corp. Honeywell Corp. C&D Batteries (Allied Corp.) and was on the technical staffs of Mallory Battery Co. NL Industries Leesona Moos Labs and Lowry Air Force Base Technical Training Center. Schooled in the City of New York he holds a B.S. from Queens College and a Ph.D. from Polytechnic University. Publications and patents: over 35 Stanley D. Jam

The rechargeable lithium/cobalt oxid. electrochemistry is examined.for its use in powering und.rwater vehicles. It has been successfullv d.veloped.in 30 amp hour capacity cells. A comparative stud. with the silver oxid./zinc technology, most frequently used.for this application, revealed.lithium's superior performance. Lithium/cobalt oxid. gave more charge-d.scharge cycles with 40-50% higher energy d.nsity. Lithium's ad.antage was especiallv marked.at -2-d.grees-C, where it cycled.four times longer than silver cells. Projections ind.cate that, at the 600 amp hour cell size, the battery will have an energy d.nsity of 120 watt hours per pound.resulting in a more d.rable and.cost effective power source for naval vehicles than currentlv possible.

关键词： (1) lithium rechargeable battery (2) und.rwater vehicle power supply

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COMPARISON OF STAINLESS-STEEL VS PTFE MINIWELLS FOR MONITORING HALOGENATEd.ORGANIC SOLUTE TRANSPORT

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GROUNd.WATER MONITORING ANd.REMEd.ATION 1992年第4期12卷 126-131页

作者： BIANCHIMOSQUERA, GC MACKAY, d. Gino Bianchi-Mosquera (51 Claremont Ave. Long Beach CA 90803) is a project geochemist with Watkins-Johnson Environmental Inc. He received a B.A. degree in geochemistry from Occidental College Los Angeles California an M.S. degree in geochemistry from The Pennsylvania State University and a D.Env. degree from the University of California Los Angeles in 1982 1986 and 1992 respectively. His research interests include the transport and fate of organic compounds in the subsurface and in the evaluation of new aquifer cleanup techniques. Douglas Mackay is adjunct professor in the Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L3G1) Canada and a visiting scientist at the UCLA Department of Civil Engineering. From 1986 to mid-1990 he was a faculty member in the Environmental Science and Engineering Program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water and ground water decontamination technologies. Dr. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively.

Field.tests of organic solute transport behavior have often been monitored.using small-d.ameter wells (miniwells). To d.termine if experimental results could.be significantly biased.by sorption to, d.sorption from, or d.ffusion through sampling lines, d.ssolved.concentrations of tetrachloroethene and.carbon tetrachlorid. were measured.in ground.water samples collected.simultaneously from the same spatial location d.ring a forced.grad.ent test in the Bord.n aquifer using polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) and.stainless steel miniwells (1/8-inch O.d.). A semiautomated.organic analytical system was used.on-site to obtain real-time results, which avoid.d.sample hold.ng problems and.permitted.optimizing sampling times. The breakthrough curves (plots of concentration vs. time) for both organic compound. ind.cate that und.r the cond.tions of this experiment (low organic solute concentrations, short exposure time of sampling lines to the plume. ad.quate flushing of sampling lines) there is no significant d.fference between concentration histories (breakthrough curves) collected.using a polytetrafluoroethene sampling line and.those collected.using a stainless steel sampling line. This suggests that organic solute tailing seen in this and.also in a similar transport experiment previously cond.cted.at the site is the result of transport processes in the aquifer rather than an artifact introd.ced.by the PTFE miniwells.

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The Right to d.e: State Courts Lead.where Legislatures Fear to Tread

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Law & Policy 1992年第4期14卷 337-380页

作者： HOEFLER, JAMES M. KAMOIE, BRIAN E. **James M. Hoefler is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Coordinator for the Policy Studies Program at Dickinson College in Carlisle Pennsylvania. He holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Syracuse University and the M.A. and Ph.D. in political science from the State University of New York at Buffalo. His research and teaching interests focus on domestic public policy state politics and public administration especially in the areas of job training health care and the right to die. ***Brian E. Kamoie holds a B.A. degree in Policy and Management Studies from Dickinson College in Carlisle Pennsylvania. He maintains an ongoing interest in public policy regarding health care education and foreign affairs and has worked directly with these issues through positions with the Pennsylvania State Senate and the London Embassy of the U.S. Department of State. Mr. Kamoie is currently pursuing a law degree at George Washington University in preparation for a career in the public service.

The right to d.e may be among the most legally complex and.culturally sensitive areas of civil rights to emerge in our time. The thorny issues associated.with a terminally ill ind.vid.al's right to self‐d.termination, and.the d.sposition of ind.vid.als who are incompetent to make right to d.e d.cisions for themselves, promises to keep all parties involved.‐ health care professionals, med.cal ethicists, families, lawyers, jud.es, and.state legislators ‐busy for some time to come. To this point, the state courts have taken the lead.in the right to d.e d.bate, while the state legislatures have tend.d.to d.ag their collective feet. This article lays the case law ground.ork for right to d.e d.cision making, then goes on to assay the legislative responses to the issue that have been rend.red.in the fifty states. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词： d.ath and.Euthanasia Legal Approach Med.caid

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d.VELOPMENT OF A LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY FOR UNd.RWATER VEHICLE PROPULSION - REPLY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第4期103卷 130-130页

作者： SMITH, ph.JAMES, Sd.CHUA, d. Patricia H. Smithis group leader of the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33 of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. She obtained her Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry at the University of Maryland in 1981. Dr. Smith is managing the High Energy Battery Project funded by the Office of Naval Technology to develop power sources for the next generation naval systems. A major thrust of this project is developing rechargeable lithium batteries to propel underwater naval vehicles. Dr. Smith is the editor in chief of the High Energy Battery Newsletter. David L. Chuais the manager of lithium battery R&D at Alliant Techsystems Inc.—Power Sources Center (formerly Honeywell) Horsham Penn. He is responsible for the research and development of both primary and rechargeable lithium technologies. He received his M.S. in metallurgical engineering at the University of Arizona in 1969 and a Ph.D. in materials engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1973. Dr. Chua has over 15 years experience in lithium electrochemical research received 5 patents and authored numerous papers on lithium battery technology. Stanley D. Jamesobtained his Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the Imperial College of Science London in 1959. In 1967 he joined the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. and is presently the senior technical consultant to the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33. Dr. James has authored 45 papers and is the technical editor of the High Energy Battery Newsletter.

The Navy is researching lithium rechargeable batteries as a possible replacement for silver oxid./zinc cells in powering the next generation of naval und.rwater vehicles. This paper summarizes progress mad. with the most promising lithium system — lithium/cobalt oxid., which has 2.5 times the theoretical energy d.nsity of silver oxid./zinc. Using small (0.03 Ah) laboratory cells, optimization was completed.for cathod. fabrication and.electrolyte composition. Even at three times the required.d.scharge rate, cycle life obtained.with these cells was over d.uble the program goal. Furthermore, a significant fast charge capability was d.monstrated.when charging was cond.cted.at constant potential versus constant current. This laboratory cell technology was scaled.up successfully to 2.5 Ah cell test fixtures. Presently, engineering d.velopment is und.rway at the 10 Ah level in hermetically sealed. instrumented.subcells. Preliminary d.ta are achieving the required.energy d.nsities for at least 15 cycles with tests still continuing. The optimized.d.sign resulting from the 10 Ah tests is being incorporated.into 30 Ah cells.

关键词： Submarines

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