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Pulmonary entrapping predicts occult diaphragmatic injury in blunt thoracic trauma with rib fractures

Asian Journal of Surgery 2025年第5期48卷 2859-2865页

作者： Chang, Po-Chih Chen, Chao-Wen Liu, Yu-Wei Chou, Shah-Hwa Chang, Ting-Wei Li, Hsien-Pin Chiang, Hung-Hsing School of Medicine College of Medicine National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital/Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Weight Management Center Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital/Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Department of Sports Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Faculty of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital/Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Ganshan Hospital/Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan

Background: Blunt thoracic trauma (BTT) often leads to rib fractures (RFs), with an increasing trend in surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) combined with thoracoscopic exploration, revealing previously underestimated occult diaphragmatic injuries (OdIs) that can result in hernias if not promptly addressed. We present our experience managing OdIs following BTT with complex RFs in a tertiary hospital in Southern Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including patients undergoing SSRF for BTT with complex RFs from January 2018 to March 2024. We analyzed demographic data, trauma details, clinical presentations, intraoperative findings, radiological features, and attempted to identify predictive factors for OdIs using logistic regression analysis. We also reviewed previous case series on OdIs. Results: We identified 11 OdIs, primarily detected during thoracoscopic exploration performed concurrently with SSRF (n = 8) or excessive bloody pleural effusion (n = 3). One hundred and twenty-two patients underwent SSRFs for their complex RFs simultaneously. All these patients with incidental OdI findings during SSRF for complex RFs underwent successful diaphragm repair via thoracoscopy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between trapped lung and OdI occurrence in patients undergoing SSRF after BTT (odds ratio: 24.423;95 % confidence interval: 2.77–215.369;p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of considering pulmonary entrapment as a significant predictive factor for OdI after BTT with complex RFs. Routine thoracoscopy during SSRF is crucial for early detection and management of this rare condition. © 2025 Asian Surgical Association and Taiwan Society of Coloproctology

关键词： Blunt injury diaphragm Fracture fixation Pulmonary entrapping Rib fractures Thoracoscopy

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Investigation of Short-Circuit Current density in Non-Fullerene-Based Ternary Organic Solar Cells by Incorporating Machine Learning Algorithms with Effective descriptors

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Solar RRL 2025年第10期9卷

作者： Lee, Min-Hsuan Chen, Ying-Chun Chang, Yi-Ming Hou, Bo Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Artificial Intelligence National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Medicine National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Environmental Engineering National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Raynergy Tek Incorporation Hsinchu Taiwan School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom

Non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) are emerging as promising devices for converting sunlight into electricity, contributing to environmental solutions. However, selecting the third component remains a significant challenge, as it plays a critical role in achieving high short-circuit current density (Jsc) in NFA-based ternary OSCs (comprising donors, acceptors, and the third component). Traditional trial-and-error experimental methods face substantial limitations, including high energy consumption, cost, and time demands, which may not be sufficient for investigating the quantitative relationships between material properties and Jsc in ternary OSCs. In this study, we examine the effects of the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energy gap (ΔHOMO and ΔLUMO) between different organic materials, considering these as effective molecular descriptors, on the primary photovoltaic parameter (Jsc) in NFA-based ternary OSCs. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm yields reasonable predictions, with an R2 value of 0.76. Additionally, three NFA-based ternary OSCs are fabricated and characterized experimentally to validate the predictions made by the proposed model. Using three different NFA-based ternary OSCs as inputs, the model demonstrates good predictive accuracy for Jsc values. The proposed interpretable model and effective molecular descriptors offer a practical machine-learning approach for accelerating the development of NFA-based ternary OSCs with targeted Jsc values and can also be extended to other organic electronic applications. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with asthma prevalence and exhaled nitric oxide levels in children

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Pediatric research 2025年第1期97卷 370-377页

作者： Yi-Giien Tsai Chia-Pin Chio Kuender d Yang Ching-Hsiung Lin Yen-Po Yeh Yu-Jun Chang Jien-Wen Chien Shu-Li Wang Shau-Ku Huang Chang-Chuan Chan Department of Pediatrics Changhua Christian Children's Hospital Changhua Taiwan ROC. School of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC. School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan ROC. Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan ROC. Department of Medical Research Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung Taiwan ROC. Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. Department of Pediatrics Mackay Memorial Hospital and Department of Microbiology & Immunology National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC. Division of Chest Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan ROC. Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan ROC. Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan ROC. Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness MingDao University Changhua Taiwan ROC. Changhua County Public Health Bureau Changhua Taiwan ROC. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua Taiwan ROC. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Rd Zhunan Miaoli County Miaoli Taiwan ROC. slwang@nhri.edu.tw. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Rd Zhunan Miaoli County Miaoli Taiwan ROC. skhuang@nhri.edu.tw. Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. skhuang@nhri.edu.tw. Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC. ccchan@ntu.edu.tw.

BACKGROUNd:Exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FENO) is a marker of airway inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the association of air pollution exposure with FENO levels and asthma prevalence with respiratory symptoms in school children. METHOdS:We analyzed 4736 school children who reside in six townships near industrial areas in central Taiwan. We evaluated asthmatic symptoms, FENO, and conducted the environmental questionnaire. The personal exposure of PM, NO, and SO was estimated using land-use regression models data on children's school and home addresses. RESULTS:Annual exposure to PM was associated with increased odds of physician-diagnosed asthma (OR = 1.595), exercise-induced wheezing (OR = 1.726), itchy eyes (OR = 1.417), and current nasal problems (OR = 1.334) (P < 0.05). FENO levels in the absence of infection were positively correlated with age, previous wheezing, allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, near the road, and for children with high exposure to PM (P < 0.05). An increase of 1 μg/m PM exposure was significantly associated with a 1.0% increase in FENO levels for children after adjusting for potential confounding variables, including exposures to NO and SO. CONCLUSIONS:Long-term exposures to PM posed a significant risk of asthma prevalence and airway inflammation in a community-based population of children. IMPACT:Annual exposure to PM was associated with increased odds of physician-diagnosed asthma and nasal problems and itchy eyes. Long-term exposures to PM2.5 were significantly associated with FENO levels after adjusting for potential confounding variables. This is first study to assess the association between FENO levels and long-term air pollution exposures in children near coal-based power plants. An increase of 1 μg/m annual PM exposure was significantly associated with a 1.0% increase in FENO levels. Long-term exposures to PM2.5 posed a significant risk of asthma prevalence and airway inflammation in a community-based population of chil

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Influence of sebum and stratum corneum hydration on pesticide/herbicide collection efficiencies of the human hand

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Applied occupational and environmental Hygiene 2001年第8期16卷 791-797页

作者： Edwards, R.d. Lioy, P.J. Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Piscataway NJ United States Joint Ph.D. Program in Exposure Assessment Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick NJ United States Department of Environmental Hygiene KTL Finnish National Institute of Public Health Kuopio Finland

The adhesion of house dust particles and chemical residues to the hands after contact with a variety of surfaces can yield significant exposures to children. Chemicals present on the surface or absorbed into house dust particles may adhere to the hands and subsequently are available for ingestion or absorption through the skin under normal physiological conditions. Contact of a hand with a surface occurs primarily through a thin layer of sebum and sweat on the skin surface. The study presented here examined the effect of the composition of the sebum and sweat layer on the adhesion of a mixture of pesticides and a herbicide to a hand after contact with a house-dust-laden surface. Collection efficiencies on the hand for atrazine and malathion were correlated with sebum levels on the palm of an individual hand. The increase in sebum values measured in this study caused a 13 percent and 8 percent reduction in collection efficiency, respectively, for atrazine and malathion applied to house-dust-laden surfaces. diazinon and chlorpyrifos collection efficiencies were correlated with skin hydration levels measured on the palm of the individual's hand. The increased skin hydration measured in this study caused a 7 percent and 5 percent reduction in collection efficiency, respectively, for diazinon and chlorpyrifos.

关键词： Chlorpyrifos Pesticides Sebum Skin Skin Exposure Skin Hydration

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RepE: unsupervised representation learning for image enhancement in nonlinear optical microscopy

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Optics Letters 2023年第16期48卷 4245-4248页

作者： Jhang, Yun-Jie Lin, Xin Chia, Shih-Hsuan Chen, Wei-Chung Wu, I-Chen Wu, Ming-Tsang Zhuo, Guan-Yu Tai, Tsung-Ming Chen, Hung-Wen International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Institute of Biophotonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei11221 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of Public Health Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development China Medical University Taichung404333 Taiwan NVIDIA AI Technology Center NVIDIA Taiwan Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

We present an unsupervised learning denoising method, RepE (representation and enhancement), designed for nonlinear optical microscopy images, such as second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon fluorescence (TPEF). Addressing the challenge of effectively denoising images with various noise types, RepE employs an encoder network to learn noise-free representations and a reconstruction network to generate denoised images. It offers several key advantages, including its ability to (i) operate without restrictive statistic assumptions, (ii) eliminate the need for clean-noisy pairs, and (iii) requires only a few training images. Comparative evaluations on real-world SHG and TPEF images from esophageal cancer tissue slides (ESCC) demonstrate that our method outperforms existing techniques in image quality metrics. The proposed method provides a practical, robust solution for denoising nonlinear optical microscopy images, and it has the potential to be extended to other nonlinear optical microscopy modalities. © 2023 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Air pollution associate with advanced hepatic fibrosis among patients with chronic liver disease

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Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences 2024年第3期40卷 304-314页

作者： Jang, Tyng-Yuan Ho, Chi-Chang Liang, Po-Cheng Wu, Chih-da Wei, Yu-Ju Tsai, Pei-Chien Hsu, Po-Yao Hsieh, Ming-Yen Lin, Yi-Hung Hsieh, Meng-Hsuan Wang, Chih-Wen Yang, Jeng-Fu Yeh, Ming-Lun Huang, Chung-Feng Chuang, Wan-Long Huang, Jee-Fu Cheng, Ya-Yun dai, Chia-Yen Chen, Pau-Chung Yu, Ming-Lung Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Kaohsiung Taiwan Hepatobiliary Division Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Pingtung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare Ping-Tung Taiwan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Geomatics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Tainan Taiwan School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan

We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and advanced fibrosis among patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLd) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. A total of 1376 participants who were seropositive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) or antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) or had abnormal liver function in a community screening program from 2019 to 2021 were enrolled for the assessment of liver fibrosis using transient elastography. daily estimates of air pollutants (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter [PM_2.5], nitrogen dioxide [NO₂], ozone [O₃] and benzene) were aggregated into mean estimates for the previous year based on the date of enrolment. Of the 1376 participants, 767 (52.8%) and 187 (13.6) had MAFLd and advanced fibrosis, respectively. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors associated with advanced liver fibrosis were HCV viremia (odds ratio [OR], 3.13;95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05–4.77;p < 0.001), smoking (OR, 1.79;95% CI, 1.16–2.74;p = 0.01), age (OR, 1.04;95% CI, 1.02–1.05;p < 0.001) and PM_2.5 (OR, 1.10;95% CI, 1.05–1.16;p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that LSM was independently correlated with PM_2.5 (β: 0.134;95% CI: 0.025, 0.243;p = 0.02). There was a dose-dependent relationship between different fibrotic stages and the PM_2.5 level (the PM_2.5 level in patients with fibrotic stages 0, 1–2 and 3–4: 27.9, 28.4, and 29.3 μg/m³, respectively;trend p < 0.001). Exposure to PM_2.5, as well as HBV and HCV infections, is associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with MAFLd. There was a dose-dependent correlation between PM_2.5 levels and the severity of hepatic fibrosis. © 2023 The Authors. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Kaohsiung Medical University.

关键词： advanced liver fibrosis air pollution MAFLd PM2.5 transient elastography

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Air pollution and its impacts on health: Focus on microplastics and nanoplastics

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Ecotoxicology and environmental Safety 2025年 299卷 118402页

作者： Yung-Li Wang Yen-Chung Lin Wen-Chih Liu Yu-Hsuan Lee Hui-Wen Chiu Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Section of Nephrology Department of Medicine Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital Pingtung Taiwan Department of Nursing Meiho University Pingtung Taiwan Department of Biology and Anatomy National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Cosmeceutics China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Research Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Air pollution represents a significant public health concern, contributing to approximately 6.7 million premature deaths annually. Among the various pollutants, particulate matter (PM) 2.5 , emitted from fossil fuel combustion, poses a significant health risk. It induces oxidative stress and increases respiratory and cardiovascular disease risk. Recently, particulate plastics, classified as microplastics (MPs) (less than 5 mm) or nanoplastics (NPs) (less than 1 μm), have been identified as environmental contaminants. It has been demonstrated that plastic particles, including MPs and NPs, can gain access to the human body via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact, resulting in various adverse health effects, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Particulate plastics have been identified in human biological samples, including blood, saphenous vein tissues and lung tissues. Moreover, their presence in PM 2.5 , particularly in urban settings, exacerbates the health risks associated with air pollution. This review addresses the sources, detection, health effects, and mitigation strategies for particulate plastics in the atmosphere. Additionally, the study discusses the biological degradation of particulate plastics by microorganisms and the potential of advanced oxidation processes for their removal. These comprehensive approaches could reduce the environment and human health from the adverse effects of airborne particulate plastics.

关键词： Air pollution PM 2.5 Microplastics Nanoplastics Health risks Oxidative stress

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Unsupervised Image Enhancement for Nonlinear Optical Microscopy with Scarce Samples

Unsupervised Image Enhancement for Nonlinear Optical Microsc...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Jhang, Yun-Jie Lin, Xin Chia, Shih-Hsuan Chen, Wei-Chung Wu, I-Chen Wu, Ming-Tsang Zhuo, Guan-Yu Chen, Hung-Wen International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Institute of Biophotonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei11221 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of Public Health Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung80708 Taiwan Institute of New Drug Development China Medical University Taichung40447 Taiwan Institute of Photonics Technologies National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

We present an unsupervised model without any assumptions to enhance images in nonlinear optical microscopy. It only takes 30 training images and can be generalized to unseen samples. Qualitative and quantitative resul... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Image enhancement

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Livelihood vulnerability to climate change health impacts among Amhara Sayint district community, northeastern Ethiopia: A composite index approach

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Heliyon 2024年第18期10卷 e38166页

作者： Kassaw, Genanew Mulugeta Malede, Asmamaw Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia International Ph.D program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei Taiwan Department of Environmental Health and occupational health & safety College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gonder Gonder Ethiopia Department of Environmental Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia

Climate change significantly impacts public health, affecting nearly everyone across the globe and contributing to approximately 10% of global mortality. Ethiopia is particularly vulnerable to the changing climate attributed impacts due to economic, and social determinants. While research on climate change is expanding, it often prioritizes its effects on agriculture. The impacts from public health perspective are frequently overlooked. We address this shortcoming by evaluating the vulnerability of the community in the district of Amhara Sayint, Amhara, northeastern Ethiopia, to the health impacts of climate change, and identifying factors involved. data was collected using a community-based cross-sectional approach, involving 605 randomly selected households between July Twenty and September Five, 2022. The data collection process utilized a validated and pilot-tested questionnaire, which was administered through face-to-face interview with the aid of Kobo Collect toolbox. The community's vulnerability was assessed using the IPCC's framework of vulnerability. Household's Vulnerability status was then classified into three levels according to their Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) score. A partial proportional oddsapproach of ordinal logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with vulnerability to climate change attributed health impacts. Among the 605 respondents, 48% (95% CI: 44.1, 52.1) were identified as vulnerable, and about 4.6 % (95% CI: 3, 6.6) were classified as highly vulnerable. Wealth status (AOR₁ = 1.8;95 % CI: 1.2, 2.8), educational status (AOR₁ = 2.8;95% CI: 1.1, 7.3), marital status (AOR₂ = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.6, 13.4), and home crowdedness (AOR₂ = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 8.1) significantly associated with vulnerability. Over half of the residents in the district wereeither being vulnerable or highly vulnerable to climate change attributed health impacts. Therefore, prioritizing prevention a

关键词： Climate change Health impacts Partial proportional odds model Vulnerability Index

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Association of Multiple environmental Toxicants with Markers of Early Kidney Injury in the Pregnant Women: An Exposome Approach

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Jia-Jen Wu, Chia-Fang Li, Sih-Syuan Chen, Chu-Chih Wang, Yin-Han Hsieh, Chia-Jung Wang, Shu-Li Chen, Mei-Lien Wu, Ming-Tsang Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Taiwan Department of Public Health Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Taiwan

Pregnant women are regularly exposed to a variety of environmental toxicants in daily life, posing a potential threat of their kidney injury before presence of clinical manifestations. There is a paucity of studies employing an exposome-based approach of kidney health in pregnant women. Thus, this study utilizes the above-mentioned strategy to identify the most significant environmental toxicants associated with early kidney injury in pregnant women in the cohort of TMICS (Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study). A total of 1,139 third-trimester pregnant women (week 29-40) were recruited between 2012 and 2015 and successfully collected one-spot urine sample for study. Exposure and outcome of interest in urine covered 16 biomonitoring chemicals, including melamine, 9 phthalate metabolites, nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP), for exposure variables and NAG (N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) for outcome variables. A two-tier strategy of statistical analyses was employed and data was randomly and evenly splitted to the training set (n = 569) and the validation set (n = 570). Using a weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression in the training set and subsequently a multivariate regression in the validation set, we found that NP is the most important chemical to link with markers of early kidney injury, both ACR and NAG. Other chemicals, including BPA and MP, are still needed to pay an attention on their potential nephrotoxicity in the pregnant women. Another cohort is necessary to reconfirm our findings. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Regression analysis

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