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ESTABLISHING THE FUNdAMENTALS OF A SURFACE SHIP SURVIVABILITY design dISCIPLINE

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第1期106卷 71-74页

作者： BALL, RE CALVANO, CN Robert E. Ball:attended Northwestern University where he received BS and MS degrees in civil engineering in 1958 and 1959 and a Ph.D. in structural mechanics in 1962. From 1962 to 1967 he worked in the aerospace industry. In 1967 he joined the faculty of the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Monterey Ca. and is currently a professor in the department of aeronautics and astronautics. In 1976 Dr. Ball began developing an educational program in aircraft combat survivability at NPS. Approximately 3500 Navy Marine Army and Air Force officers DoD civilians and civilians from the US aircraft industry attended his NPS graduate level and short courses since 1977. He has conducted short courses for NATO and the governments of Canada and Greece. He has also developed similar graduate level courses at NPS in air defense lethality and surface ship combat survivability. He has conducted an extensive research program in survivability and lethality at NPS directing over 110 theses and in 1985 his 400 page textbook The Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Survivability Analysis and Designwas published by AIAA. He is a Fellow of AIAA. Charles N. Calvano:is a 1963 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and a 1970 graduate of MIT with an MS in ocean engineering and a naval engineer's degree. His active duty Navy career spanned twenty-eight years culminating in assignments in the Naval Sea Systems Command as the director of the ship design group and as the director for ship concepts and technology. He joined the faculty of the Naval Postgraduate School in October 1991 and is developing and teaching the total ship systems engineering curriculum discussed in this paper. He is a member of ASNE and of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.

This paper describes a conceptual structure of ship survivability definitions and concepts and deals with the need to incorporate a total-ship approach to surface ship combat survivability as part of the philosophy used to guide a ship's design. Included are: A discussion of the increasing emphasis placed on ship survivability during the ship system development process. definitions of the different aspects of ship survivability, in order to suggest a coordinated and coherent understanding of their relationships. A discussion of the value of making survivability considerations an integral part of the ship design philosophy, to ensure a requirements-based systems approach to all of the ship's required attributes, including survivability.

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HYBRId SATELLITE ANd TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 313-327页

作者： CHITRE, dM SHYY, dJ EphREMIdES, A GUPTA, S COMSAT Laboratories 22300 Comsat Drive Clarksburg MD 20871–9475 USA. Received his B.Sc. from the University of Bombay India an M.A. in mathematics from the University of Cambridge U.K. and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland. He is currently an Associate Executive Director of the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. He has been involved in research and development activities in ISDN VSAT networks data communications and network systems and architectures. Prior to his current positions Dr. Chitre was a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. Dr. Chitre joined COMSAT Laboratories in 1980. He has made major contributions to the analysis and architecture of data communication ISDN and BISDN via satellite. Dr. Chitre directs and participates in the international and national standards activities in ISDN BISDN and data communication as they apply to satellite communication. He was Chairman of the Working Group on Protocols and Network Timing Function of the CCIR/CCITT Joint Ad Hoc Group on ISDN/Satellite Matters during 1990–1992. Currently he is the Chairman of the Working Group on New Technologies in the ITU Intersector Coordinating Group (ICG) on Satellite Matters. Dr. Chitre was a programme manager during 1990 and 1991 on a contract from INTELSAT on systems studies on satellite communications systems architectures for ISDN and broadband ISDN systems. Currently he is the technical manager of the DoD Contract on ATM via satellite demonstration and the programme manager for the INTELSAT contract on analysis and top-level specification of INTELSAT ISDN subnetworks and SDH compatible transport network. Received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from national Chiao-Tung University Hsin-Chu Taiwan in 1983 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA in 1986 and 1990 respectively. From June 1987 to October 1987 he worked for the Department of Neurology Emory Univers

The role of satellite communications in networks that provide new services, such as frame relay and multimedia, is investigated. Both passive and active (on-board switching/processing) satellite systems are considered. Novel techniques are developed for each system to demonstrate, via detailed analysis and simulation, how the communications bandwidth agility of multipoint/broadcast satellite channels, and the on-board switching/processing, makes it feasible to provide these new services via hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks in a resource-efficient manner.

关键词： HYBRId NETWORKS ON-BOARd PROCESSING FRAME RELAY

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AN ARCHITECTURE design APPROACH FOR LARGE SATELLITE NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 197-210页

作者： COTNER, C INUKAI, T COMSAT World Systems 6560 Rock Spring Drive Bethesda MD 20817 USA. Director Customer Technical Support for COMSAT World Systems. He directs support to U.S. users of the INTELSAT satellite network particularly in the areas of certifying that performance of earth-stations is in accordance with system requirements and in supporting the unique needs of television customers. Mr. Cotner's primary technical interests are earth-station design transmission analysis and high power amplifiers. Mr. Cotner has been with COMSAT for over 25 years. Most recently he served as Director of Technical Liaison and Analysis responsible for much of COMSAT World Systems research and development programme for high-level technical interaction with customers such as AT&T and MCI and for initiatives to improve the quality of international satellite transmission. He has also held technical management positions in COMSAT Laboratories COMSAT General where he was a Division Director Earth Segment Engineering and COMSAT World Systems where he represented the U.S. Signatory on the INTELSAT Board of Governors Technical Advisory Committee for five years. Mr. Cotner is a colonel (retired) in the Signal Corps U.S. Army Reserve where he was assigned to several mobilization positions related to satellite communications including a tour of duty on the Joint Staff. Awarded the degree of B.S.E. (cum-laude) in Electrical Engineering by Princeton University. Mr. Cotner also holds an M.S.E. from Cornell University and is a Commandants List graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. He and his wife Sharon live in Silver Spring Maryland. COMSAT Laboratories 22300 COMSAT Drive Clarksburg MD 20871 USA. Received the BS and MS degrees in Communications Engineering from the Tokyo Electrical Engineering College Tokyo Japan and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the City University of New York New York. Dr. Inukai is a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division of COMSAT Laboratories. He directs res

designing a world-wide satellite network that consists of hundreds of user sites and thousands of circuit connections is a complex problem, which involves selecting a set of candidate satellites and satellite beams/frequency bands from among numerous existing and planned satellites, evaluation of circuit connectivity, earth-station compatibility and sizing, and estimating transponder loading. The design process may also require assessment of the impact of a different set of satellites and modified user traffic requirements on the space segment, the earth-station types and quantity, and the total system cost. Although a conventional design approach based on link-by-link and site-by-site analysis provides accurate results, it is time-consuming and impractical for developing high-level network architectures in a time-constrained environment. A design technique is proposed which employs a set of rules for satellite network design, in combination with extensive databases of satellite parameters, earth-station parameters and user traffic requirements, to synthesize a network architecture. The technique is particularly useful for performing high-level trade-offs among alternative architectures in terms of space segment requirements, the number and type of earth-stations and overall system cost. Once the desired architecture has been selected, a detailed design may be developed using conventional methods.

关键词： SATELLITE NETWORK design RULE-BASEd design FIXEd SATELLITE SERVICES FdMA INTELSAT BANdWIdTH REQUIREMENTS TRANSPONdER CAPACITY

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, dP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXEd CELLS AdAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BANd phASEd-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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FLAMMABILITY ANd TOXICITY OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS FOR MARINE VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 45-54页

作者： SEVART, JL GRIFFIN, OH GURdAL, Z WARNER, GA Jeffrey L. Sevart:is a native of Kansas and a 1985 graduate of Kansas State University with a B.S. in mechanical engineering (magna cum laude). After working as a stress analysis engineer at Boeing Military Airplane Company in Wichita Kans. he attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and received an M.S. in engineering mechanics in February 1988. He currently resides in Akron Ohio working as a research engineer in tire composites research at The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. O. Hayden Griffin Jr.:received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1980. Prior to joining the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University as associate professor of engineering science and mechanics in September 1985 he was employed at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren Virginia) BF Goodrich Tire Group (Akron Ohio) the Bendix Advanced Technology Center (Columbia Maryland) and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (Laurel Maryland). He is currently an associate director of the Virginia Institute for Material Systems. He is a registered professional engineer in Virginia and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Composites. Zafer Gürdal:received his M.S. in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1981 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985. He worked as a research associate in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department at Virginia Tech before joining the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department as an assistant professor in September 1985. Professor Gürdal's research interests include: composite structures failure mechanics of composites structural optimization and damage tolerant design. He is a member of the American Institute

Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moisture resistance, and flammability and toxicity as well as cost and availability of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials are presented. Methods for testing and reducing the flammability and toxicity are discussed. Many commercially available composite systems are reported to provide favorable characteristics for marine applications. Although there seems to be a need for improved production technology for thermoplastics, they present potential advantages in physical properties over thermoset composites.

关键词： Composite Materials

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REMEdIATION OF CONTAMINATEd GROUNd-WATER USING BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1989年第1期9卷 105-119页

作者： FLATHMAN, PE JERGER, dE BOTTOMLEY, LS Paul E. Flathman is senior microbiologist at O.H. Materials Corp. (P.O. Box 551 Findlay OH 45839). Flathman has more than eight years of field experience in the biological cleanup and environmental restoration of areas contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and other hazardous organic wastes. He has a B.S. in biology/chemistry from The Defiance College Defiance Ohio and an M.S. in microbiology from Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio. The cometabolic biodegradation of anthropogenic organic compounds was the focus of his graduate research. Flathman was the 1985 recipient of the Ohio Water Pollution Control Conference's F.H. Waring A ward in recognition of outstanding achievement in the field of industrial waste control. He is a Registered Class III (Advanced) Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator (Ohio EPA) a Registered Class III (Advanced) Wastewater Laboratory Analyst (Ohio WPCA-LAC) and a Registered Microbiologist (The National Registry of Microbiologists American Academy of Microbiology). He is a member of eight professional organizations and has served as chairman and for three years as a member of the Executive Committee of the Northwest Central Ohio Section of the American Chemical Society. Flathman is also a member of three subcommittees and a task group participant of the American Society for Testing and Materials. The focus of his current research is the enhanced biodegradation of hazardous organic contaminants following spills of these materials in the environment. Douglas E. Jerger is manager of the Biorestoration Program at O.H. Materials Corp. (P. O. Box 551 Findlay OH 45839). Jerger has more than 15 years experience in environmental microbiology and bioprocess engineering with NASA—Manned Spacecraft Center Environmental Control Technology Corp. Institute of Gas Technology and University of Florida. He is currently completing research toward his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. Jerger is a member of four professional organizations and has coauthored more than 20 public

On-site biological cleanup following spills of biodegradable hazardous organic compounds in lagoon, soil, and ground water environments is a cost-effective technique when proper engineering controls are applied. Biodegradation of hazardous organic contaminants by microorganisms minimizes liability by converting toxic reactants into harmless end *** case histories presented in this paper detail:• Bench-scale evaluation of the potential for biological remediation in the spill site matrix• Field implementation of biological treatment ***-effectiveness, minimal disturbance to existing operations, and on-site destruction of spilled contaminants are several of the advantages identified for implementing biodegradation as a technique for spill cleanup and environmental restoration.

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RELIABILITY-BASEd FATIGUE design FOR SHIP STRUCTURES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 135-149页

作者： WHITE, GJ AYYUB, BM Gregory J. White: LCdr. USNR-R is an assistant professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received a B. S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 first as the damage control assistant aboard the USS Reasoner (FF-1063) and then as the commissioning CIC officer aboard the USS Merrill (DD-976). After leaving active duty and while attending graduate school he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific section (Code 250.1). Upon completion of graduate school he then worked for Exxon International Company as a research engineer in the R & D division of the tanker department. A lieutenant commander in the Ready Reserve Dr. White drills with the repair department of a submarine tender reserve unit and recently completed the reserve engineering duty officer qualification program. A member of ASNE since 1983 Dr. White is also a member of SNAME and the U.S. Naval Institute Dr. White received the “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an assistant professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B. S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M. S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. While there he was awarded the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Fellowship. Dr. Ayyub has extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation pre-stressed composite steel girders and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures mathematical modelling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the University of Maryland the Natio

In the continuing effort to apply reliability methods to marine structures, the next logical step is to include these techniques in the design process. The advantage of doing this would be the ability to design more efficient structures with some measure of certainty of the reliability level involved. The particular application in ship structural design which would benefit the most from using reliability methods is the design against fatigue failure. In this paper, some of the reliability-based methods currently being used (or proposed for use) in the design of structures against fatigue are examined. Each is evaluated as to its suitability for use in the structural design of ships. In addition, the authors propose a new reliability-based fatigue design format which is based on their recently introduced Reliability-Conditioned (RC) design method and the Load and Resistance Factor design (LRFd) code format. This approach is hoped to provide the design engineer with an easy to understand and use tool based on the LRFd format. The RC method will enable him to quickly and accurately design the components of a ship's structure such that a desired level of safety against fatigue is achieved. Each of the methods discussed is used to solve a practical example. The results of that example and several others are used to discuss the relative merits of each method.

关键词： SHIPS

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MOdERNIZATION OF THE BARQUE EAGLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 49-57页

作者： TSAI, NT HACISKI, EC KUCINSKI, JJ Nien-tszr Tsai:is a naval architect with the Hull Section Naval Engineering Division U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters. He received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from ChengKung University in Taiwan China and his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Rochester in 1969. Prior to joining the Coast Guard in 1982 Mr. Tsai worked at General Dynamics Litton Ship Systems and the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center in the area of ship dynamics moored and towed ocean systems evaluation and development. He is a member of ASME and ASNE. Eugene C. Haciski:received his B.S. degree in mechanics from the Warsaw University of Technology in 1946 and his M.S. degree in naval architecture from the Polytechnical University of Gdansk Poland in 1950. Prior to joining the U.S. Coast Guard in 1967 he served as a project engineer in the Gdansk Ship Design Center and in the Shipyard Maua in Rio de Janeiro Brazil. After serving 7 years in the U.S. Coast Guard Yard in Curtis Bay Maryland as a supervisory naval architect and 3 years in the Merchant Marine Technical Division USCG he was assigned in 1976 to his current position of chief Hull Section Naval Engineering Division USCG Headquarters. LCDR. Joseph Kucinski:is currently assigned to the Coast Guard Yard as chief quality assurance. He has served in the Yard as ship superintendent and ship superintendent coordinator. Prior to his assignment at the Yard he served as engineer officer aboard USCGC Courageous. He has also served on USCGC Boutwell and as the marine safety officer Duluth Minn. He is a 1973 graduate of Officer Candidate School. LCdr. Kucinski has prior enlisted service in the Navy's nuclear power program.

The U.S. Coast Guard training barque Eagle (WIX-327), former Horst Wessel , was built in 1936, by Blohm & Voss in Germany, for the German Navy and to the rules of Germanischer Lloyd. Since 1946 she has served continuously as the training vessel for the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. To improve safety and performance, an extensive phased modernization was undertaken from 1979 through 1983 at the Coast Guard Yard. Changes in the subdivision, ballast and tankages were made to satisfy the criteria for two-compartment damage stability. Extensive renovation of machinery, structure, navigation components and habitability was also accomplished during the same period. Scheduled summer training cruises were maintainedeach year.

关键词： SAILING VESSELS

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AIR-CUSHION LANdING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BANd, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS-TURBINE POWEREd FRIGATES, dESTROYERS, ANd CRUISERS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANdT, ER dONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&d efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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