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Performance of cusum charts from the viewpoint of change-point estimation in the presence of autocorrelation

QUALITY ANd RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL 1996年第1期12卷 3-8页

作者： Nishina, K PencHsiung, W Department of Systems Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466 Japan [?]Ken Nishina is an associate professor at the Department of Systems Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology. He received B. Eng. and M. Eng. degrees both from Nagoya Institute of Technology in 1975 and 1977 and a Ph.D. from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1990. His areas of research include statistical process control and applied statistics. He is a member of ASQC and JSQC.

Cusum charts have good performance on not only the detection of the process change, but also the estimation of the change point. In this paper we will discuss the performance of cusum charts from the viewpoint of change-point estimation in the presence of autocorrelation. Supposing a first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) model as a primitive autocorrelated model, we examine the performance of the change-point estimator in cusum charts. Then we apply a two dimensional Markov process to the representation of the cusum statistic. In addition, we examine the relationship between the performance of the change-point estimator in the AR(1) model and in other primitive autocorrelated models by using the autocorrelation function.

关键词： cusum chart change-point estimation autocorrelation AR(1) model two-dimensional Markov process

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Bulk-type domain reversal grating of LiTaO3 crystal fabricated by direct electric field

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第2期79卷 70-77页

作者： Sato, M Ohashi, M Abedin, KS Takyu, C Ito, H Member Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Sendai Japan 980–77 Received his B.S. degree from Yamagota University in 1984 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University in 1986 and 1994 respectively. He joined Hitachi Co. in 1986. He became a Research Associate at Ishinomaki Senshu University in 1989 and a Research Associate at Tohoku University in 1993. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optics and optical measurement. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Nonmember Received his B.S. degree from Kanazawa University in 1992 and his M.S. degree from Tohoku University in 1994. At present he is enrolled in the Ph.D. program at Tohoku University. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optical effect of ferroelectrical material. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Received his B.S. from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) in 1988 and became an Assistant Professor at the same institute. He received his M.S. degree from Yamagata University in 1993. He is currently enrolled in the Ph.D. program at Tohoku University. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optical crystals doped with rare earth metals semiconductor lasers and optical fibers. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Graduated from Konahama Marine High School in 1969 and became a Research Technician at Tohoku University in the same year. He has been involved in research on laser measurement and the processes of semiconductors and dielectric material. Received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University in 1966 and 1972 respectively. At present he is a Professor at Tohoku University. He was invited to Stanford University during 1975–1976. He has been involved in research on laser and nonlinear optics integrated optics and semiconductor lasers. He received the Yonezawa Award in 1971 and Manuscript Award in 1989. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics IEEE and OSA.

Bulk-type domain reversal gratings of LiTaO3 crystal were fabricated at room temperature by the direct electric field method, The nonlinear optical. property of the crystal was evaluated by quasi-phase matching. The period of the bulk-type domain reversal gratings on an LiTaO3 substrate was 7.5 mu m and the domain reversal extended to the entire substrate thickness of 500 mu m. The experimental normalization efficiency was 0.46%/W . cm in carder quasi-phase matching and was close to the theoretical value (0.48%/W . cm). This result indicates that high-efficiency nonlinear interaction could be achieved by using the bulk-type domain reversal grating, The bulk-type domain reversal grating of nonlinear optical crystal such as LiTaO3 is expected to be useful for compact nonlinear optical devices and integrated laser sources.

关键词： bulk-type domain reversal grating electrical field-induced polarization quasi-phase matching

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Fabrication of SiN films at low temperature by RF biased coaxial-line microwave plasma CVd

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第11期79卷 58-65页

作者： Morita, Y Kato, I Nakajima, T School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Received a B.S. in 1992 from the Department of Electronics and Communication Waseda University. He is now enrolled in the Ph.D. program at the same university. He has been involved in research on microwave plasma CVD. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Electronics and Communication Waseda University in 1967 and 1973 respectively. In 1973 he joined the faculty of Waseda University becoming an associate professor in 1978. He was Visiting Professor at Manitoba University Canada in 1979–1981. He has supervised research and participated in joint research with die Canadian National Research Council. He became a professor at Waseda University in 1993. He has been involved in research on microwave plasma CVD photonics lasers electronic materials evaluation technologies photonic materials opto-quantum electronics and semiconductor dun films. He is a member of die IEE of Japan die Japan Society of Applied Physics die TV Society die Japanese Vacuum Society and IEEE. Received die B.S. from die Department of Electronics and Communication Waseda University in 1994. He is now enrolled in die master's program at die same university. He has been involved in research on microwave plasma CVD. He is a member of die Japan Society of Applied Physics.

This paper discusses the influence of ion bombardment on the characteristics of SiN films. In this study, the double-tube coaxial-line microwave plasma CVd system, which is suitable for the investigation of ion bombardment, is used to deposit SiN films. The ion bombardment energy is varied by varying the RF bias at constant ion density, As the RF bias is increased, the film density increases and the hydrogen concentration decreases, but the dangling bond density increases. The increase in the film density and decrease of hydrogen concentration are caused by the increase in film surface temperature, while the increase of the dangling bond density is caused by bond breakage due to the N+ ion implantation. When the substrate temperature is 200 degrees C and the RF bias is -175 V, the film density is 3 g/cm(3) and the hydrogen concentration is 9 at.% because of the film surface heating effect of ion bombardment acid also due to substrate heating. Substrate heating at 200 degrees C suppresses the increase in the dangling bond density. It is also demonstrated that the film surface temperature is about 200 degrees C when RF bias is -70 similar to-80 V and the substrate is unheated by any heater.

关键词： microwave plasma CVd SiN film RF bias ion bombardment effect film surface hearing effect

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The analysis of polarization-insensitive characteristics for semiconductor optical amplifiers with tensile strained multiple quantum wells

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第6期79卷 103-112页

作者： Takaya, H Kambayashi, T Faculty of Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka Japan 940–21 Received his B.S. degree from Nagaoka University of Technology in 1993. In 1995 he entered the Master's program at the University. Received his B.S. degree from Yamanashi University in 1972 and his Ph.D. degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1977. In the same year he became a Research Associate at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. In 1979 he became an Associate Professor at Nagaoka University of Technology the position he holds currently. Between 1981 and 1983 he was a Visiting Researcher at Bath University. He has been engaged in research on optical waveguides opto-integrated circuits optical amplifiers and quantum well devices. He is a member of IEEE and the Japan Applied Physics Society.

In this paper, the aims of our study are to analyze the gain of semiconductor optical amplifiers with tensile strained multiple quantum wells and to examine the structure for polarization-insensitive characteristics for the purpose of showing the design guidelines. Since lasers with conventional lattice-matched multiple quantum wells have large optical confinement coefficient and large gain coefficient for TE mode, they are not polarization insensitive. Since the modal gain is the product of the optical confinement coefficient and the gain coefficient, the elimination of polarization sensitivity requires increasing the gain coefficient for the TM mode by applying the tensile strain to the well layer in order to compensate for the difference in the optical confinement factor. Assuming a multiple quantum well structure, the analysis obtains the strain distribution over the structure and an envelope function of the wave function and calculates the gain using a density matrix method by electron relaxation effect. It includes the band mixing effect of valence bands. As a result, a structure with little modal gain difference over a wide range at 1.55-mu m wavelength has been designed. Also, as a result of examining the effect of deviation from the designed values, it has been found that the variation in the material composition (amount of strain) has a larger effect on the modal gain difference than the variation in the quantum well thickness.

关键词： semiconductor optical amplifier tensile strained multiple quantum wells polarization-insensitive gain laser gain

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degradation mechanism of contact resistance during window formation

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第1期79卷 93-100页

作者： Sekine, M Kakuhara, Y Kikkawa, T Nonmember NEC ULSI Device Development Laboratory Sagamihara Japan 229 Graduated in 1985 from Department of Metal Materials Osaka University where he received his Master's degree in 1988. He joined NEC in 1988. Graduated in 1984 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University and she received her Master's degree from Shinshu University in 1986. She joined NEC in 1986. She is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated in 1974 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Shizuoka University where he received his Master's degree in 1976. He received his Ph.D. degree from Tokai University. He joined NEC in 1976. He is engaged in research and development of semiconductor LSI device and process. He was a Visiting Researcher at MIT from 1983 to 1984. He is currently a director of multilayer wire formation program ULSI Device Development Institute. He is a member of IEEE ICS and Applied Physics Society.

This paper describes a contact degradation mechanism during window formation followed by selective tungsten chemical vapor deposition (W-CVd). Contact resistances by using selective W-CVd were increased as the overetching rate increased. Surface analysis made it clear that the Si surface at the bottom of contact was damaged and oxygen atoms from dielectrics were introduced during window etching. These damage and oxygen atoms break Si-Si bonds and make Si-O bonds after additional ion implantation. The Si-O bonds degrade the valence-band density of states of the Si surface. Such a damaged surface will not react with WF6. This inactivation is the reason for contact degradation. Controlling the Si surface state by using the chemical dry etching (CdE) technique solves this problem.

关键词： selective W-CVd contact chemical dry etch

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Fabrication of dispersive fibers and their application to long wavelength-pass filters

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第3期79卷 9-15页

作者： Nishimura, J Ueda, Y Morishita, K Graduate Course of Electronics and Applied Physics Osaka Electro-Communication University Neyagawa Japan 572 Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in 1992 and 1994 respectively from Osaka Electro-Communication University where he is at present enrolled in the doctoral program. He is engaged in research on optical fiber devices. Received his B.S. degree in 1994 from Osaka Electro-Communication University where he is currently in the graduate program. He is engaged in research on optical fiber devices. Received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Osaka University in 1972 and 1977 respectively. He became a Postdoctoral Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 1977. He became a Lecturer an Associate Professor and Professor at Osaka Electro-Communication University in 1981 1983 and 1989 respectively. He was a Visiting Research Fellow at Southampton University between 1986 and 1987. He has been involved in research on waveguide properties of optical fibers refractive index evaluation of optical waveguides and optical fiber devices. He is the author ofOptical Fibers(Asakura Publ.). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan the Optical Society of Japan and OSA. He is a Senior Member of IEEE.

dispersive fibers are fabricated in which the refractive index dispersions of the core and cladding cross at a certain wavelength. The core and cladding were made of different types of optical glasses. To pass a long wavelength light (to suppress short wavelength light), the refractive index of the core was chosen to be lower than that of the cladding in the short wavelength region. In the fabricated dispersive fibers, no waveguide mode was observed in the short wavelength region, indicating that the fibers play the role of a long wavelength pass filter. To evaluate the fibers as an optical filter, the transmission loss and insertion loss were investigated and it was found that the pass wavelength region could be controlled by changing the curvature of the fibers.

关键词： dispersive fiber optical filter fiber optical devices optical glass

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Scattering parameter estimation accuracy of Root-MUSIC algorithms in electromagnetic wave scattering measurements

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第5期79卷 106-115页

作者： Yamada, H Yamamoto, K Yamaguchi, Y Sengoku, M Faculty of Engineering Niigata University Niigata Japan 950-21 Received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan in 1988 1990 and 1993 respectively all in Electronic Engineering. Since 1993 he has been with Niigata University where he is currently a Lecturer. His current research involves superresolution techniques electromagnetic wave measurements and radar signal processings. Dr. Yamada is a member of the IEEE. Received his B.S. degree from Niigata University Niigata Japan in 1994 in Information Engineering. He is currently in the Master's program in Information Engineering. His current research involves superresolution technique and antenna measurements. Received his B.E. degree in Electronics Engineering from Niigata University in 1976 and his M.E. and Dr. of Eng. degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan in 1978 and 1983 respectively. In 1978 he joined the Faculty of Engineering Niigata University where at present he is a Professor. From 1988 to 1989 he was a Research Associate at the University of Illinois at Chicago. His interests are in the field of propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in lossy medium radar polarimetry microwave remote sensing and imaging. Dr. Yamaguchi is a senior member of IEEE and a member of the Japan Society for Snow Engineering. Received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Niigata University Japan in 1967 and his M.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Hokkaido University in 1969 and 1972 respectively. In 1972 he joined the staff at Hokkaido University as a Research Associate. In 1978 he was an Associate Professor at Niigata University where he is presently a Professor. During 1986–1987 he was a Visiting Scholar at the University of California Berkeley and at the University of Illinois Chicago. His research interests include transmission of information network theory and graph theory. He is a recipient of the Best Paper Award of I.E.I.C.E. in 1992. Dr. Sengoku is a senior member of IEE

An application of the superresolution method for the analysis of the electromagnetic scattering data is expected to be effective for experimental verification of the geometrical optics approximation theory and the analysis of multiple paths. There exist many techniques for the superresolution method. It is desirable to select an appropriate technique based upon the characteristics of the individual algorithms. Among these techniques, the Root-MUSIC method has been proposed;this method enables treatment of the signal attenuating exponentially with respect to frequency. In the modified Root-MUSIC method, arbitrary frequency characteristics can be treated. This paper investigates the estimation accuracy of the scattering center and the attenuation coefficient when the Root-MUSIC method and the modified Root-MUSIC method are applied to the estimation of scattering. With the backscattering data of a conducting sphere, the estimation accuracy of the scattering parameters versus the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the number of snapshots is investigated by computer simulation. As a result, it is found that the estimation accuracy of the modified Root-MUSIC method is much better than that of the conventional Root-MUSIC method in the case of a low SNR and a small number of snapshots. Experimental results are also reported.

关键词： super-resolution Root-MUSIC algorithm modified Root-MUSIC algorithm electromagnetic scattering scattering center creeping wave

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High-frequency analysis of radiation field excited by incident whispering-gallery mode over concave-to-convex boundary

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第7期79卷 10-21页

作者： Goto, K Ishihara, T National Defense Academy Yokosuka Japan 239 Graduated in 1984 from the Department of Electrical Engineering National Defense Academy where he completed the graduate program in 1989. At present he is a Research Associate. He has been engaged in research on the propagation and scattering of the electromagnetic waves. Received his B.S. (equivalent) degree in Electrical Engineering from the National Defense Academy of Japan in 1970 his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Polytechnic Institute of New York (presently the Polytechnic University) Farmingdale NY in 1975 and 1978 respectively and a Dr. of Eng. degree from Tohoku University Sendai Japan in 1983. From June to December 1978 he was a Research Fellow of the Polytechnic Institute of New York. From January 1979 to March 1982 he was with the Defense Research Center of the Defense Agency. In April 1982 he became a Lecturer at the National Defense Academy. From September 1984 through February 1985 he was a Visiting Scholar at the Polytechnic Institute of New York. In 1985 he became an Associate Professor at the National Defense Academy where he was promoted to Professor in 1990. He has been engaged in research on propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves. He is a member of the IEEE the Acoustic Society of Japan the Applied Physics Society and the Ocean Acoustic Society.

An asymptotic method of analysis is studied for the radiation field when the lowest-order whispering gallery (WG) modes propagating from the concave side of the concave-to-convex boundary with a variable radius of curvature are radiated into the free-space on the convex side. The modal ray congruences of the WG mode are radiated into the free space after being converted to geometrical rays. Both the caustics and the shadow boundaries are created in the space. As the expression of the radiated field near the caustic, the modal rays incident into the concave part are used for deriving the physical optics integral. By applying the high-frequency asymptotic analysis in the case of two saddle points closely spaced to the evaluation of the integral, the uniform asymptotic solution was derived. Also, as the radiating field on the sufficiently shadow side of the caustic, the complex ray solution was derived. On the other hand, as the radiating field in the transition region near the shadow boundary caused by the convex region, an asymptotic solution was derived in the form of an extension of the conventional UTd (Uniform GTd) to the case where the geometrical ray converted from the modal ray is incident to the boundary. The numerical results obtained by various asymptotic expressions are compared with the reference solution and the geometrical optics figure drawn by the modal ray tracing. The effectiveness of the asymptotic solution and the propagation and radiation phenomena of the WG mode were derived.

关键词： whispering-gallery mode concave-to-convex boundary radiating field high-frequency asymptotic analysis modal ray

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Optimum design technique for optoelectronic devices using simulated annealing

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第1期79卷 22-32页

作者： Hara, K Iwamoto, T Kyuma, K Member Semiconductor Research Laboratory Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Amagasaki Japan 661 Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electronics Engineering from Osaka University in 1986 and 1988 respectively. He joined Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in 1988. At present he is with the Neural & Parallel Processing Technology Development Center. He is involved in research on optical switches optical device simulators artificial retina chip and digital neuro-chip. He is a member of the Society of Applied Physics. Nonmember Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Physics and Methodology from Kyoto University in 1985 and 1987 respectively. He completed the required course work in the doctoral program of the same university in 1990. He joined Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in 1990. At present he is with the Neural & Parallel Processing Technology Development Center. He is involved in research on information processing using nonlinear motive power and optimization. He is a member of the Japan Society of Physics. Received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electronics Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972 and 1977 respectively. He joined Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in 1977. At present he is the head of the Neural & Parallel Processing Technology Development Center. From 1985 to 1986 he was an invited scholar at California Institute of Technology in the United States. He is involved in research on neural theory optical neural networks artificial retina chip VLSI neuro-chips and optical fiber sensors. He is a member of IEEE OSA International Neural Network Society Society of Applied Physics and Society of Instrumentation and Control.

A new procedure for the optimum design of optoelectronic devices is explained in this paper and an automatic search is made simultaneously for the structure satisfying various demands. The feature of this procedure is in the introduction of cost by which the quantitative evaluation of the structure becomes possible and the global search for the required structure by simulated annealing can be carried out. First, the definition of cost and details of the optimization procedure are clarified. In optimization, in addition to convergence to the minimum point of the cost function (the optimum configuration from theoretical viewpoint), the convergence also is possible in structures with great tolerance to fabrication errors (neighborhood cost (NC) and finite temperature annealing (FTA) methods). Next, these three proposed methods are used in the design of a pnpn differential optical switch and the effectiveness of the methods is verified. The method of cost expression, the relation between annealing parameters, and convergence are investigated. It is shown that cost expression with large degree of freedom improves the search for high-performance structures and the initial temperature of annealing or the fixed temperature of FTA method is the important parameter which sets up the probability of acceptance. Further, it is shown that the convergence cost is inversely proportional to the time spent in annealing. These results are useful guidelines in the optimum design of arbitrary optoelectronic devices.

关键词： optoelectronic devices cost function device design optimization convergence

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Finite element analysis of plane wave diffraction from anisotropic dielectric gratings

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第1期79卷 1-10页

作者： Ohkawa, Y Tsuji, Y Koshiba, M Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan 060 Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in 1991 and 1993 respectively from the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University where he is currently in the doctoral program. He has been engaged in research on opto- and wave electronics. Currently in the doctoral program at Hokkaido University (Department of Electronic Engineering) where he received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in 1991 and 1993 respectively. He has been engaged in research on quantum wave phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum wires and quantum dots. Received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in 1971 1973 and 1976 respectively from the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University. In 1976 he became a Lecturer at Kitami Institute of Technology where he was promoted to an Associate Professor in 1977. In 1979 he became an Associate Professor of the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University where he was promoted to Professor in 1987. He has been engaged in research on opto- and wave electronics. In 1987 he received a Best Paper Award. He is the author ofFundamentals of Finite Element Method for Opto- and Wave Electronics(Morikita)Optical Waveguide Analysis(Asakura)Optical Waveguide Analysis (McGraw-Hill) andOptical Waveguide Theory by the Finite-Element Method(KTK Scientific Publishers/Kluwer Academic Publishers). He is the co-author of one book and jointly authored six others. He is a member of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan the Japan Society for Simulation Technology the Japan Society for Computational Methods in Engineering and the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics. He is also an IEEE Senior Member.

In this paper, the formulation of the analysis based on the finite element method is presented for the first time for an anisotropic dielectric grating. By this analysis method, the diffraction characteristics of a plane wave by an anisotropic dielectric grating with an arbitrary shape can be computed easily. The finite element method is applied to the region corresponding to one period containing an anisotropic dielectric grating. The analytical relationships are applied to the boundaries on the incident and transmitted sides while the periodic boundary condition is applied to all other boundaries. Specifically, an index modulated grating and a groove grating are chosen for the analysis of the diffraction characteristics when the TE and TM waves are coupled. From the comparison with the analysis results by the coupled-mode theory and the spatial harmonic expansion method, the validity of the present method is confirmed.

关键词： diffraction grating anisotropic medium finite element method isoparametric elements Floquet's theorem

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