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RELIABILITY-BASEd FATIGUE dESIGN FOR SHIP STRUCTURES

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 135-149页

作者： WHITE, GJ AYYUB, BM Gregory J. White: LCdr. USNR-R is an assistant professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received a B. S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 first as the damage control assistant aboard the USS Reasoner (FF-1063) and then as the commissioning CIC officer aboard the USS Merrill (DD-976). After leaving active duty and while attending graduate school he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific section (Code 250.1). Upon completion of graduate school he then worked for Exxon International Company as a research engineer in the R & D division of the tanker department. A lieutenant commander in the Ready Reserve Dr. White drills with the repair department of a submarine tender reserve unit and recently completed the reserve engineering duty officer qualification program. A member of ASNE since 1983 Dr. White is also a member of SNAME and the U.S. Naval Institute Dr. White received the “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an assistant professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B. S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M. S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. While there he was awarded the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Fellowship. Dr. Ayyub has extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation pre-stressed composite steel girders and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures mathematical modelling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the University of Maryland the Natio

In the continuing effort to apply reliability methods to marine structures, the next logical step is to include these techniques in the design process. The advantage of doing this would be the ability to design more efficient structures with some measure of certainty of the reliability level involved. The particular application in ship structural design which would benefit the most from using reliability methods is the design against fatigue failure. In this paper, some of the reliability-based methods currently being used (or proposed for use) in the design of structures against fatigue are examined. Each is evaluated as to its suitability for use in the structural design of ships. In addition, the authors propose a new reliability-based fatigue design format which is based on their recently introduced Reliability-Conditioned (RC) design method and the Load and Resistance Factor design (LRFd) code format. This approach is hoped to provide the design engineer with an easy to understand and use tool based on the LRFd format. The RC method will enable him to quickly and accurately design the components of a ship's structure such that a desired level of safety against fatigue is achieved. Each of the methods discussed is used to solve a practical example. The results of that example and several others are used to discuss the relative merits of each method.

关键词： SHIPS

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Education of Health Care Providers for the Rural Setting: A Family Nurse Practitioner demonstration program

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The Journal of Rural Health 1986年第1期2卷 7-22页

作者： Ryan, Rebecca Hanson, Charlene M. Hodnicki, donna dorroh, Margaret Wyss REBECCA RYAN Ph.D. is a Sociologist at Georgia Southern College and currently coordinates two grant programs at that institution -a family nurse practitioner program and a continuing education program in gerontology for licensed practical nurses who work in long term care settings. She has conducted research and authored articles and monographs in the areas of aging substance abuse health and the implementation of applied research techniques. CHARLENE M. HANSON R.N. M.S.N. FNP-C is the Director of Georgia Southern College's Family Nurse Practitioner Program. A family nurse practitioner in rural areas of New York and Georgia for eleven years she was recently selected as Georgia's Nurse Practitioner of the Year by the Georgia Nurses Association. She is currently involved with the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties in a research project to study desired nurse practitioner competencies. In addition to her role as an educator she practices in a primary health care provider role with rural residents and migrant workers. DONNA HODNICKI R.N. M.N. FNP-C is a member of the faculty of the Family Nurse Practitioner Program at Georgia Southern College. Her focus of instruction is in the area of physical assessment and primary health care management for rural and migrant populations. For the past five years she has practiced as a family nurse practitioner providing hedlth care to rural and migrant underserved populations in North Carolina and Georgia. MARGARET WYSS DORROH R.N. M.N. C.N.M. is an Instructor in the Family Nurse Practitioner Program at Georgia Southern College. She has practiced nurse midwifery in urban and rural settings for a number of years and is currently teaching those aspects of the curriculum which are related to women infants and the family as the nurse practitioner's focus of care.

Spurred by mass concern over shortages of health care providers, the country's educational system has, over the past ten years, produced an ample supply (in some areas a near glut) of health care professionals. Studies demonstrate, however, that these professionals tend to cluster in the affluent metropolitan and suburban areas. Residents of rural areas are still significantly underserved. In the heavily rural southern half of Georgia, this problem has reached a critical peak. Georgia Southern College (GSC) is a rural based college located in the heart of rural south Georgia. In order to address some of the health care problems of its constituency, GSC, with federal support, established a Nursing department and a Family Nurse Practitioner program with a commitment to recruit nursing students from the rural area, educate them in rural settings, and provide appropriate preparation for the unique experience of working in the rural environment. The program has been very successful in producing highly skilled graduates who do stay and work in the rural areas, providing health care at reasonable costs. This paper describes the setting (rural south Georgia), the need, the program implementation, and the impact (numbers of graduates actually working in rural settings, and innovative projects initiated by graduates). Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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AIR-CUSHION LANdING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BANd, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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THE INFLUENCE OF SPEECH VARIETY ON TEACHERS EVALUATION OF STUdENTS WITH COMPARABLE ACAdEMIC ABILITY

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TESOL QUARTERLY 1984年第1期18卷 25-40页

作者： FORd, CE University of California Los Angeles Cecilia Ford is a student in the Applied Linguistics Ph.D. Program at UCLA where she also teaches ESL. She has worked with a variety of student populations including elementary school children migrant workers and university-level foreign students.

Study considers teachers' evaluations of students who perform equivalently in written academic work but who have distinct speech varieties including Spanish-influenced English. despite length of teaching experienc... 详细信息

关键词： Cultural Context English (Second Language) Hispanic Americans Language Attitudes Language Proficiency Language Research Language Teachers Language Tests Modern Language Curriculum Second Language Learning Spanish Speaking Speech Skills Writing Skills

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AN AdVANCEd METHOdOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM dEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC dAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALdEN, dA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form design System (HFdS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFdS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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BANQUET AddRESS - TECHNOLOGY IS FUN, ITS THE OTHER THINGS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 57-59页

作者： FROSCH, RA President American Association of Engineering Societies Inc Dr. Robert A. Frosch born in New York City on 22 May 1928 attended Columbia University from which he received his B.A. degree in 1947 his M.A. degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. degree in 1952 all in the field of Theoretical Physics. While completing his studies for his doctorate he joined Columbia's Hudson Laboratories in 1951 and worked on naval research projects as a Research Scientist until 1958 when he became the Director Hudson Laboratories a post he held until 1963. From 1965 to 1966 he was Deputy Director Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) Department of Defense (DOD) having first joined ARPA in 1963 as the Director for Nuclear Test Detection the position he held until 1965. Since 1969 he also has served as the DOD member of the Committee for Policy Review National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering Development and in 1967 and 1970 as the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission meetings at UNESCO in Paris. In addition he was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research & Development from 1966 to 1973 Assistant Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program with the rank of Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations from 1973 to 1975 and Assistant Director for Applied Oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1975 until mid-1977. In June 1977 he became the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) the position he held prior to joining the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) Incorporated. On 20 January 1981 he was elected to his present post as President AAES. Additionally he was the Sea Grant Lecturer for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 and currently is a National Lecturer for Sigma Xi. During his distinguished career Dr. Frosch has been the recipient of numerous awards among which are the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1966 the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1

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VALIdITY OF COLLEGE GRAdE PREdICTION EQUATIONS OVER TIME

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JOURNAL OF EdUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT 1979年第4期16卷 279-284页

作者： SAWYER, R MAXEY, J The American College Testing Program Institutional Services Research and Development Division ACT P.O. Box 168 Iowa City Iowa 52243. Title: Statistician. Degrees: B.A. Rice University Ph.D. University of Iowa. Specialization: Statistics. Institutional Services Research and Development Division ACT P.O. Box 168 Iowa City Iowa 52243. Title: Assistant Vice President and Director of Institutional Services. Degrees. “B.A. Illinois State University M.A. Ph.D. University of Iowa. Specialization: Educational Research.

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The effect on the doze test of changes in deletion frequency

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Journal of Research in Reading 1979年第2期2卷 108-119页

作者： Alderson, J. Charles J. Charles Alderson is Director of the Language Testing Program at the English Language Institute of the University of Michigan. He holds an M.A. in German and French from Oxford University and a Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics from the University of Edinburgh. He has taught in Germany Algeria and the United Kingdom and prior to his present appointment was Head of the Research and Development Unit of the Centro de Ensenanza de Lenguas Extranjeras of the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City. His research interests include second language proficiency testing and problems associated with second language processing. Dr. Alderson may be contacted at the English Language Institute The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48 I 09 USA.

Although the pseudo‐random cloze procedure has been in use for some twenty‐five years as a measure of readability and reading comprehension, little research has been carried out into the effect of deleting words from text more or less frequently. This paper reports on an experiment in which the deletion frequency variable was systematically studied. Every 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th word was removed from three texts of differing difficulty, and the effect studied. Significant differences among cloze tests resulted, but the differences were unpredictable. deleting every 12th word did not necessarily result in an easier test than deleting every 6th 8th or 10th word. However, when only items identical to both cloze tests under consideration were compared, no significant differences were found. It appears that cloze items are, on the whole, unaffected by context greater than five words. Testers are warned that changing deletion frequency may result in a different measure of readability or comprehension. Copyright © 1979, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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AN APPROACH TO SHIPBOARd ICING PROBLEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1968年第1期80卷 63-&页

作者： LANdY, M FREIBERG.A Milton Landy received his B.A. and M.A. Degrees in Chemistry at Brooklyn College Brooklyn New York and is presently studying for his PH.D. Degree at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Since 1957 he has been a Physical Chemist with the U.S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory where he has done fundamental and applied research in the fields of ice adhesion and ice release coatings. Arnold Freiberger received his Degree in Chemical Engineering at The City College of New York. Employed as a Materials Engineer at the U.S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory since 1952 he is the Task Leader of the Laboratory's program on naval cold weather problems and has done fundamental and applied research on ice adhesion and ice-release coatings. Since 1962 he has been in charge of the Laboratory's Marine-fouling research program and more recently has assumed leadership of the hydrofoil materials research program.

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QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LOOP ANTENNA BEHA VIOR IN LINEARLY ANd ELLIPTICALLY POLARIZEd ELECTRIC FIELdS

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Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1957年第2期69卷 369-374页

作者： HARRISON, CHARLES W. COMMANDER CHARLES W. HARRISON JR. USN attended the U. S. Naval Academy Preparatory School the U. S. Coast Guard Academy and the University of Virginia where in 1939 he received the S.B. degree in Engineering and in 1940 the degree of Electrical Engineer. In 1942 he was graduated with the S.M. degree in Communication Engineering from Cruft Laboratory Harvard University and that summer completed the Navy Course in Radar Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Subsequently for several years he was engaged in lecturing to officers of the Armed Forces assigned to the radar schools at Harvard and Princeton Universities. He has had four tours of duty in the Electronics Design and Development Division Bureau of Ships two at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory one at the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories (Evans Signal Laboratory) and one at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. His experience includes amateur naval and broadcasting operation. In 1951 Commander Harrison was selected for training in Advanced Science at Harvard University under sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research. This program led to the M. Eng. degree in 1952 and Ph.D. degree in Applied Physics in 1954. Commander Harrison is presently Electronics Officer on the Staff of Commander Operational Development Force. He is a member of several societies and associations including the Harvard Chapter of the Society of Sigma Xi.

Summary: The measurement of the magnetic field associated with a linearly or elliptically polarized electric field, using a small loop, or magnetic probe, is discussed. It is shown that in general a loop will not measure the magnetic field faithfully because the sensing element responds to the antenna modes as well as the transmission line mode excited in the loop structure by the incident electromagnetic field. A special shielded loop with two gaps was invented to eliminate or reduce the effect of the antenna modes. It is anticipated that this device will be found useful in the field of direction finding. © 1957 by the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc.

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