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CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2010年第4期17卷 311-312页

作者： McCarthy, Alice Main Text “In June 2003 the scientific and medical communities at MIT Harvard University and its affiliated hospitals and the Whitehead Institute banded together as collaborating partners to form the Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute based in Cambridge MA. The Broad Institute established with initial funding from a $100 million philanthropic donation from the Los Angeles-based Broad family was primarily viewed as a marriage between the Whitehead Institute's Center for Genome Research (WICGR) and the Harvard Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology (ICCB). Eli Broad founder and chairman of AIG SunAmerica Inc. explained “the purpose of the Broad Institute is to create a new type of research institute to build on the accomplishments of the human genome project and to move to clinical applications to both prevent and cure diseases.” Every Thursday morning we meet with perhaps 20 faculty members and 100 other researchers to discuss what we're all doing and should be doing next. -David Altschuler This paragraph was written five years ago when the Broad Institute was in its very earliest days as a life science research community (McCarthy 2005). Since that time “the Broad” as it's known has kept true to Eli Broad's vision having attracted a talented group of researchers faculty trainees and professional staff. This 1600 person research community known internally as “Broadies” includes faculty staff and students from throughout the MIT and Harvard biomedical research communities and beyond with collaborations spanning over a hundred private and public institutions in more than 40 countries worldwide. “What is special about the Broad is that we have people from Harvard MIT and the Harvard hospitals come together and work on problems of shared interest that could not be solved in their own individuals labs” explains David Altshuler M.D. Ph.D. Deputy Director and one of the Broad's six core faculty members. “These problems require expertise beyond any one principal investigator and in

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From the Field: Progress in restoring the aplomado falcon to southern Texas

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Wildlife Society Bulletin 2010年第1期32卷

作者： J. Peter Jenny William Heinrich Angel B. Montoya Brian Mutch Cal Sandfort W. Grainger Hunt Peter Jenny(photo) a current vice-president of The Peregrine Fund began his association with that organization in 1970 when he traveled to the arctic to collect some of the first peregrine falcons to be used for captive breeding. He received a B.A. in zoology from the University of Montana in 1977. In addition to many years of involvement with peregrine restoration he has studied orange-breasted falcons and other Neotropical species. He co-founded TPF's Maya Project in northern Guatemala with William Burnham and currently divides his time between the management of the aplomado falcon restoration project and overall program development. Angel Montoyawas born in Deming New Mexico near the location of the last known nesting pair of aplomado falcons in the United States. In 1992 he discovered a remnant population in the desert grasslands of nearby Chihuahua the subject of his 1994 Master's thesis. After working for 4 years with the USFWS he began field management of the aplomado falcon restoration project for TPF in 1999. Grainger Huntconducted numerous field studies on the ecology of eagles and falcons in association with the Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute and the Predatory Bird Research Group University of California. He obtained his Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Texas. He joined the staff of TPF in 2001 to guide the scientific aspects of the California condor and aplomado falcon projects.

The northern aplomado falcon ( Falco femoralis septentrionalis ) was once fairly common in the savannas of southern Texas and in other parts of the American Southwest but virtually disappeared by the 1950s north of the Mexican border. It was federally listed as endangered in 1986. The Peregrine Fund established a captive breeding program based on 25 nestlings obtained from eastern Mexico during 1977-1988. Following a pilot release project in 1985-1989, a full-scale release effort in the southern Texas plain began in 1993 employing techniques similar to those we developed for the peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus ). We produced 923 fledgling aplomado falcons, of which 812 were released in Texas on both federal wildlife refuges and private property. We observed released falcons breeding in the wild for the first time in 1995, and by 2002, 37 pairs were known and at least 87 wild young had fledged over an 8-year period. Predation by raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) was a frequent cause of nest failure, and the great horned owl ( Bubo virginianus ) was the principal source of death in fledglings at hack sites, a factor that may limit aplomado falcon recovery in some areas of its former range. Enrollment of more than 5,500 km 2 of private land under federally mediated “Safe Harbor” agreements encouraged landowner goodwill and cooperation and provided essential access to private property by affording relief from potential liability associated with the Endangered Species Act.

关键词： aplomado falcon captive breeding endangered species Falco femoralis hacking Mexico reintroduction Texas

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Gender, Policy, Politics, and Work: Feminist Comparative and Transnational research

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Review of Policy research 2008年第1期20卷

作者： HEIdI GOTTFRIEd LAURA REESE Heidi Gottfried is Associate Professor of Labor in the College of Urban Labor and Metropolitan Affairs at Wayne State University. Her MA in sociology is from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor and her Ph.D. was received in 1987 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Over the past several years her work funded by ASA/NSF DAAD and SSRC-Abe has focused on comparative analy-sis of flexible employment practices and regulation in the US Germany Sweden and Japan. Laura A. Reese is a professor in the Urban Planning Program and a fellow in the Fraser Center for Workplace Issues College of Urban Labor and Metropolitan Affairs at Wayne State University. She has published on urban politics local economic development comparative urban policy and public personnel management. Her most recent books are The Civic Culture of Local Economic Development (with Raymond Rosenfeld) and Implementing Sexual Harassment Policy (with Karen Lindenberg) both with Sage Publications. Her current research interests focus on further exploration of local civic cultures in the US and Canada comparative studies of urban consolidation and metropolitan governance and the identification and implementation of effective sexual harassment policy.

abstract This article reviews feminist comparative and transnational research on workplace policy, politics and the state. The first section examines a range of theoretical approaches to the topic. We then present a variety of methodologies for conducting comparative and transnational research on policy developments. Informed by a number of case studies included in the symposium, we explore the dynamics and determinants, both national and supranational, of policy formation and its impacts. Finally, we tease out the implicit and explicit notions of gender equity for future policy analysis.

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SCARLET LETTERS ANd RECIdIVISM: dOES AN OLd CRIMINAL RECORd PREdICT FUTURE OFFENdING?*

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Criminology & Public Policy 2006年第3期5卷

作者： MEGAN C. KURLYCHEK ROBERT BRAME SHAWN d. BUSHWAY Assistant Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of South Carolina. She holds a Ph.D. in Crime Law and Justice from the Pennsylvania State University. She was a Research Associate for the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing the National Center for Juvenile Justice and the Pennsylvania State Legislature. Her primary research interests center on the development and evaluation of programs and policies to prevent delinquency and crime and/or to intervene with individuals already involved in offending. She has published work in Criminology and Crime and Delinquency Associate Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of South Carolina. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology and Criminal Justice in 1997 from the University of Maryland. His current research emphasizes continuity and cessation of offending collateral consequences of a criminal record estimation of treatment effects in observational data and law enforcement responses to domestic violence Associate Professor of Criminology in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland. He received his Ph.D. in Public Policy Analysis and Political Economy in 1996 from the H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management at Carnegie Mellon University. His current research focuses on the process of desistance the impact of a criminal history on subsequent outcomes and the distribution of discretion in the criminal justice sentencing process. He is also the Associate Director of the Program on the Economics of Crime and Justice Policy at the University of Maryland.

research Summary: This research explores the issue of old prior records and their ability to predict future offending. In particular, we are interested in the question of whether, after a given period of time, the risk of recidivism for a person who has been arrested in the distant past is ever indistinguishable from that of a population of persons with no prior arrests. Two well-documented empirical facts guide our investigation: (1) Individuals who have offended in the past are relatively more likely to offend in the future, and (2) the risk of recidivism declines as the time since the last criminal act increases. We find that immediately after an arrest, the knowledge of this prior record does significantly differentiate this population from a population of nonoffenders. However, these differences weaken dramatically and quickly over time so that the risk of new offenses among those who last offended six or seven years ago begins to approximate (but not match) the risk of new offenses among persons with no criminal record. Policy Implications: Individuals with official records of past offending behavior encounter a barrier when they try to obtain employment, even if a person's most recent offense occurred in the distant past. There are many reasons for such obstacles, but they are at least partially premised on the concern that individuals with arrest records—even from the distant past—are more likely to offend in the future than persons with no criminal history. Our analysis questions the logic of such practices and suggests that after a given period of remaining crime free, it may be prudent to wash away the brand of “offender” and open up more legitimate opportunities to this population.

关键词： Collateral Consequences Recidivism desistance

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VIOLENCE AMONG AdOLESCENTS LIVING IN PUBLIC HOUSING: A TWO-SITE ANALYSIS*

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Criminology & Public Policy 2006年第1期3卷

作者： TIMOTHY O. IRELANd TERENCE P. THORNBERRY ROLF LOEBER Timothy O. Ireland is an Associate Professor of Criminal Justice and Criminology at Niagara University. He received a Ph.D. from the School of Criminal Justice University at Albany. He conducts research in the areas of crime and violence in public housing consequences of child and adolescent maltreatment and theory development in criminology as well as drug treatment as an alternative to prison. He has published in journals on criminology psychology and drug/alcohol use. Terence P. Thornberry is Distinguished Professor at the School of Criminal Justice the University at Albany and Director of the Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center. Since 1986 he has been the Director of the Rochester Youth Development Study a longitudinal examination of the causes and consequences of antisocial behavior. His research interests focus on understanding the development of delinquency and crime over the life course and in examining intergenerational continuity in antisocial behavior. Rolf Loeber Ph.D. is Professor of Psychiatry Psychology and Epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pa. and Professor of Developmental Psychopathology at the Free University Amsterdam The Netherlands. He is Codirector of the Life History Studies Program at the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh where he is Principal Investigator on three longitudinal studies: the Pittsburgh Youth Study the Developmental Trends Study and the Pittsburgh Girls Study.

research Summary: Current knowledge about violence among public housing residents is extremely limited. Much of what we know about violence in and around public housing is derived from analysis of Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data or victimization surveys of public housing residents. The results of these studies suggest that fear of crime among public housing residents is high and that violent offense rates may be higher in areas that contain public housing compared with similar areas without public housing. Yet, “[r]ecorded crime rates (and victimization rates) are an index not of the rate of participation in crime by residents of an area, but of the rate of crime (or victimization) that occurs in an area whether committed by residents or non-residents” (Weatherburn et al., 1999:259). Therefore, neither UCR nor victimization data measurement strategies address whether crime in and around public housing emanates from those who reside in public housing. Additionally, much of this research focuses on atypical public housing—large developments with high-rise buildings located in major metropolitan areas. To complement the existing literature, we compare rates of self-reported crime and violence among adolescents who reside in public housing in Rochester, N.Y., and Pittsburgh, Pa., with adolescents from the same cities who do not live in public housing. In Rochester, property crime and violence participation rates during adolescence and early adulthood among those in public housing are statistically equivalent to participation rates among those not in public housing. In Pittsburgh, living in public housing during late adolescence and early adulthood— particularly in large housing developments—increases the risk for violent offending, but not for property offending. The current study relies on a relatively small number of subjects in public housing at any single point in time and is based on cross-sectional analyses. Even so, there are several important policy implications

关键词： Crime, Violence, Public Housing, Adolescents, Rochester study, Pittsburgh study

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BRIGHTER IS BETTER. OR IS IT? THE dEVIL IS IN THE dETAILS

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Criminology & Public Policy 2006年第3期3卷

作者： dIANE L. ZAHM Diane L. Zahm Ph.D. AICP is an Associate Professor of Urban Affairs and Planning where she teaches land use planning policy and management. Her research examines local policy and decisions regarding land use site layout and facility design and their long-term impact on crime fear and neighborhood viability. Dr. Zahm's academic and professional background includes both community development and criminal justice experience: Associate in Research with the Florida State University School of Criminology and Criminal Justice Statistical Analysis Center Administrator for the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) Research and Training Specialist for the Florida Attorney General's Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Program Assistant Professor of Community Development and Instructor at the National Crime Prevention Institute of the University of Louisville and Grants Analyst for the City of Charlottesville Virginia. While with FDLE Diane participated on the Florida Department of Education's Safe Schools Assessment Team and the Governor's Task Force on Domestic Violence. Diane holds a bachelor of science degree in environmental resource management from Allegheny College a master of planning from the University of Virginia and a Ph.D. in land use planning from the State University of New York Syracuse.

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BEYONd BOOT CAMP: THE IMPACT OF AFTERCARE ON OFFENdER REENTRY

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Criminology & Public Policy 2006年第2期5卷

作者： MEGAN KURLYCHEK CYNTHIA KEMPINEN Assistant Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of South Carolina. She holds a Ph.D. in Crime Law and Justice from the Pennsylvania State University. She has previously worked as a Research Associate for the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing the National Center for Juvenile Justice and the Pennsylvania State Legislature. Her primary research interests center on the development and evaluation of programs and policies to prevent delinquency and crime and/or to intervene with individuals already involved in offending. She has previously published work in Criminology and Crime & Delinquency. The Deputy Director of the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing where she also serves as Research Director. The Commission's current research activities include an evaluation of substance abuse programs an evaluation of the new State Intermediate Punishment Program and a study of economic sanctions. Dr. Kempinen is also Senior Lecturer in the Sociology Department at the Pennsylvania State University. She has previously published in Crime & Delinquency Criminal Justice Review Federal Sentencing Reporter Justice Quarterly and The Prison Journal.

research Summary: This study is an outcome evaluation of a residential aftercare component provided to offenders graduating from the Quehanna Motivational Boot Camp in Quehanna, Pennsylvania. Capitalizing on a policy change that set up a natural experimental design, we use survival analysis to compare recidivism outcomes of a control group of 383 offenders, who graduated before the mandatory 90-day residential aftercare component was added, to an experimental group of 337 offenders, who graduated after the policy change. Our findings reveal that offenders who receive the mandatory aftercare component have significantly lower recidivism rates at six months, one year, and two years post-release. Policy Implications: These findings are important for policy related to both boot camp programs and offender reentry in general. First, our findings suggest that adding a residential aftercare component to a boot camp program has the potential to (1) greatly reduce failure rates and (2) increase the time to failure. Second, our findings have implications that reach beyond boot camp. As the number of incarcerated offenders returning to local communities continues to increase, offender reentry has become a national issue. Our findings are promising as they suggest that a continuum of care model designed to extend services and help offenders overcome immediate obstacles to reintegration may indeed reduce criminal recidivism.

关键词： Aftercare Reentry Boot Camp Recidivism

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Introduction

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Ethics & International Affairs 2006年第2期16卷

作者： Mira Johri Christian Barry Mira Johri is Investigator with the Department of Health Administration University of Montreal and the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies Lady Davis Institute McGill University. She holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from McGill University. Johri completed an MPH in epidemiology and public health and postdoctoral work in the economic evaluation of HIV/AIDS programs at Yale University. Christian Barry directs the Justice and the World Economy program at the Carnegie Council. He has served as a consultant and contributing author to UNDP's Human Development Report for the past three years. His recent articles include “Global Justice: Aims Arrangements and Responsibilities” (in Can Institutions Have Duties? forthcoming) “Redistribution” (Stanford Online Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2002) and “Education and Standards of Living” (Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Education 2002). His current research focuses on the problem of assigning responsibilities for achieving global justice.

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Victory in the Heartland

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Journal of Labor and Society 2004年第2期6卷

作者： Edward Hertenstein Michelle Kaminski EDWARD HERTENSTEIN is an assistant professor assigned to the Labor Education Program at the Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign. Before receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 2000 he spent twenty years working as a newspaper press operator and as a member and local officer in the Graphic Communications International Union. His research interests include unionizing efforts in the public‐service sector and labor's use of the Internet. MICHELLE KAMINSKI is a labor educator and assistant professor of labor and industrial relations at Michigan State University. She conducts research and teaches in the areas of workplace teams the union role in the team process development of union activists and women's leadership. She received her Ph.D. in organizational psychology from the University of Michigan.

From 1994 to 1999, the workers at Beverly Farm Home for the developmentally disabled in Godfrey, Illinois, struggled to unionize. The local union, affiliated with American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Council 31, had won a representation election in 1994, but employer stall tactics caused a five‐year delay. The union responded with a multipronged attack, which included a bitter four‐month strike that eventually resulted in a victory for the union.

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Human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the ddG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current ddG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as dd 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current ddG 51 activities. development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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