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Methodologies for examining homelessness and their application to a mandated statewide study

POLICY STUdIES JOURNAL 2000年第2期28卷 421-444页

作者： dail, PW Shelley, MC Fitzgerald, ST research associate professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at Iowa State University. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and has published on the topics of homelessness and poverty. Prior to coming to Iowa State University she was director and head of the Research Program at the Center for the Study of Poveny at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. professor at Iowa State University in Statistics Educational Leadership and Policy Studies and Political Science. He is Director of Research for the Research Institute for Studies in Education. a doctoral student in the Department of Sociology at the University of Iowa. He received his MA from the Department of Political Science at Iowa State University.

Using findings from a federally mandated statewide study of homelessness in the state of Iowa, this paper presents methodologies developed to address various aspects of homeless research, including enumeration of the population, screening for reporting duplications, estimating the annual number of incidents of homelessness, and exploring county-level estimates of homelessness. After implementing an algorithm to eliminate duplicate reporting, and using the baseline unduplicated reported number of homeless persons, a statewide estimate of the number of homeless individuals was derived. Following further adjustments for differences in agency reporting practices and after extrapolating for nonreported time periods, we Estimated the number of unique incidents of homelessness experienced in the state during the year of the study (1997). The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

关键词： HOMELESSNESS HOUSING -- research HOMELESS persons

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Application of Reducible Covalent Capture Purification for Resolving Persulfidome and Nucleolin S-Sulfhydration

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Analytical Chemistry 2024年第35期96卷 14186-14196页

作者： Huang, Wei-Chieh Hsu, Kai-Wen Peng, Pei-Hua Zeng, Wan-Ting Gu, Ting-Jia Lin, Li-Jie Hsieh, Min-Tsang Lee, der-Yen Chang, Geen-dong Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences National Taiwan University No.1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei106 Taiwan Drug Development Center Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery China Medical University No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung40402 Taiwan Research Center for Cancer Biology China Medical University No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung40402 Taiwan Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development China Medical University No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung40402 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung40402 Taiwan The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery China Medical University and Academia Sinica No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung40402 Taiwan School of Pharmacy China Medical University Taichung406040 Taiwan Drug Development Center China Medical University Taichung406040 Taiwan Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung40447 Taiwan

Protein S-sulfhydration involves the regulation of various protein functions, and resolving the S-sulfhydrated proteome (persulfidome) allows for a deeper exploration of various redox regulations. Therefore, we designed a reducible covalent capture method for isolating S-sulfhydrated proteins, which can analyze the persulfidome in biological samples and monitor specific S-sulfhydrated proteins. In this study, we applied this method to reveal the S-sulfhydration levels of proteins, including 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, NFκB/p65, and nucleolin. Furthermore, this technique can be used to enrich S-sulfhydrated peptides, aiding in the determination of protein S-sulfhydration modification sites. Finally, we observed that the S-sulfhydration and oxidation of nucleolin on the C543 residue correlate with its nuclear translocation, downstream regulation of p53, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 RNA levels and protein expression, as well as the protective function against oxidative stress. Therefore, this method may facilitate the understanding of the regulation of protein function by redox perturbation. © 2024 American Chemical Society

关键词： Redox reactions

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A RISK-BASEd APPROACH FOR MANAGING HAZARdOUS-WASTE

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1995年第1期15卷 79-89页

作者： CHIANG, CY PETKOVSKY, Pd MCALLISTER, PM Chen Y. Chiang received his Ph.D. in environmental engineering from Rice University. He is a senior research engineer in Environmental RD&T at Shell Development Co.'s Westhollow Technology Center (3333 Hwy. 6 South Houston TX 77082 fax (713) 544–8727). He serves on the Hydrologic Science Panel of the National Science Foundation and on the Ground Water/Soil Technical Task Force of the American Petroleum Institute. He also serves on the Advisory Board of the Rutgers DARPA/ONR research program. His research interests include in situ bioremediation processes ground water/soil sampling and monitoring multiphase fluid flow phenomenon and risk/ exposure assessment. Paul Petkovsky is a senior research technician in the Groundwater Modeling Group of Environmental RD&T at Shell Development Co.'s Westhollow Technology Center. His responsibilities include site data analysis and the numerical modeling of the fate and transport of organics in ground water. He is currently pursuing a B.S. in chemical engineering with an environmental emphasis at the University of Houston. Paul McAllister received a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Kansas in 1987 and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 1991. He is currently an associate research engineer in Environmental RD&T at Shell Development Co.'s Westhollow Technology Center. Since joining Shell he has conducted research and provided technical support on ground water modeling and remediation issues. His research interests include in situ bioremediation of ground water and residual hydrocarbons natural attenuation of contaminants and subsurface fate and transport phenomena in the subsurface.

In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed risk-based management of hazardous waste. A major component of the proposed rule is the determination of non-site-specific screening concentration levels from waste leachate. Ground water at a downgradient exposure point must not exceed those screening levels, or more stringent requirements would apply. The screening concentration level is determined with verified models and equations that simulate the transport and attenuation of chemicals as they travel from the source area to the exposure point. A consortium of screening levels is determined in this paper by considering varying physical, chemical, and biological conditions. In addition, a method is developed for multicomponent leaching from contaminated soils in a landfill to determine the time-dependent behavior of a finite source. Finally, this paper discusses infiltration rate through the clay liner.

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AdAR2 deficiency ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle atrophy through modulating serum amyloid A1

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Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2024年第3期15卷 949-962页

作者： Kung, Mei-Lang Yang, Tai-Hua Lin, Chia-Chi Ho, Jia-Yun Hung, Tzu-Chi Chang, Chih-Hsiang Huang, Kuan-Wen Chen, Chien-Chin Chen, Yun-Wen Department of Medical Education and Research Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Orthopedic Surgery National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Pathology Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chiayi Taiwan Department of Cosmetic Science Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLd) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is commonly associated with NAFLd. Adenosine-to-inosine editing, catalysed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (AdAR), is an important post-transcriptional modification of genome-encoded RNA transcripts. Three AdAR gene family members, including AdAR1, AdAR2 and AdAR3, have been identified. However, the functional role of AdAR2 in obesity-associated NAFLd and sarcopenia remains unclear. Methods: AdAR2^+/+/GluR-B^R/R mice (wild type [WT]) and AdAR2^−/−/GluR-B^R/R mice (AdAR2 knockout [KO]) were subjected to feeding with standard chow or high-fat diet (HFd) for 20 weeks at the age of 5 weeks. The metabolic parameters, hepatic lipid droplet, grip strength test, rotarod test, muscle weight, fibre cross-sectional area (CSA), fibre types and protein associated with protein degradation were examined. Systemic and local tissues serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) were measured. The effects of SAA1 on C2C12 myotube atrophy were investigated. Results: AdAR2 KO mice fed with HFd exhibited lower body weight (−7.7%, P < 0.05), lower liver tissue weight (−20%, P < 0.05), reduced liver lipid droplets in concert with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content (−24%, P < 0.001) and liver injury (P < 0.01). AdAR2 KO mice displayed protection against HFd-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Skeletal muscle mass (P < 0.01), muscle strength (P < 0.05), muscle endurance (P < 0.001) and fibre size (CSA;P < 0.0001) were improved in AdAR2 KO mice fed with HFd compared with WT mice fed with HFd. Muscle atrophy-associated transcripts, such as forkhead box protein O1, muscle atrophy F-box/atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1/tripartite motif-containing 63, were decreased in AdAR2 KO mice fed with HFd compare

关键词： AdAR2 diabetes inflammation muscle atrophy NAFLd SAA1

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A METHOd FOR ASSESSING RESIdUAL NAPL BASEd ON ORGANIC-CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL SAMPLES

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1991年第2期11卷 128-136页

作者： FEENSTRA, S MACKAY, dM CHERRY, JA Stan Feenstra is a hydrogeochemist and president of Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in Mississauga Ontario He received a B.Sc. in earth sciences and an M.Sc. in hydrogeology from the University of Waterloo in 1978 and 1980 respectively and was designated a Certified Ground Water Professional by AGWSE in 1989. Since 1980 he has been a ground water consultant with Golder Associates in Mississauga Ontario and Zenon Environmental in Burlington Ontario and founded Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in 1987. Feenstra specializes in the hydrogeochemical evaluation of ground water contamination at waste disposal facilities and chemical spill sites. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in hydrogeology and research associate in the Waterloo Centre for Ground Water Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1) and is involved in research related to the behavior of dense organic solvents in ground water. Douglas M. Mackay is an adjunct professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L3G1). Dr. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively. From 1986 to 1990 he was a faculty member of the Environmental Science and Engineering Program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water various scale studies of decontamination of soil and ground water and ground water monitoring technologies. John A. Cherry is a professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L 3G1). He received his B.S. in geological engineering from the University of Saskatchewan in 1962. He received his M.S. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1964 and his Ph.D. from the Department of Geology at the University of Illinois in 1966. His research interests include the field study and modeling of contaminants in ground wat

Ground water contamination by non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals is a serious concern at many industrial facilities and waste disposal sites. NAPL in the form of immobile residual contamination, or pools of mobile or potentially mobile NAPL, can represent continuing sources of ground water contamination. In order to develop rational and cost-effective plans for remediation of soil and ground water contamination at such sites, it is essential to determine if non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals are present in the subsurface and delineate the zones of NAPL contamination. The presence of NAPL pools may be evident as a floating or sinking phase in monitoring wells. The residual NAPL contamination may be identified in soil samples if residual contents are high and contaminated zones in the soil cores are thick. However, visual identification may not be effective if residual contents ar elow or if the NAPL residual is distributed heterogeneously in the samples. The chemical analysis of soil samples provides a measure of the total chemical concentration in the soil but cannot determine directly whether NAPL is present in the samples. Qualitatively, soil analyses that exhibit chemical concentrations in the percent range or > 10,000 mg/kg would generally be considered to indicate the presence of NAPL. However, the results of soil analyses are seldom used in a quantitative manner to assess the possible presence of residual NAPL contamination when chemical concentrations are lower and the presence of NAPL is not obvious. The assessment of the presence of NAPL in soil samples is possible using the results of chemical and physical analyses of the soil, and the fundamental principles of chemical partitioning in unsaturated or saturated soil. The method requires information on the soil of the type typically considered in ground water contamination studies and provides a simple tool for the investigators of chemical spill and waste disposal sites to assess whether soil

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Ser38-His93-Asn91 triad confers resistance of JFH1 HCV NS5A-Y93H variant to NS5A inhibitors

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FEBS Journal 2024年第6期291卷 1264-1274页

作者： Lee, Wei-Ping Tsai, Keng-Chang Liao, Shi-Xian Huang, Yi-Hsiang Hou, Ming-Chih Lan, Keng-Hsin Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taiwan Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Life Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan The Ph.D. Program for Medical Biotechnology College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Pharmacology College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan

HCV NS5A is a dimeric phosphoprotein involved in HCV replication. NS5A inhibitors are among direct-acting antivirals (dAA) for HCV therapy. The Y93H mutant of NS5A is resistant to NS5A inhibitors, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we proposed a Ser38-His93-Asn91 triad to dissect the mechanism. Using pymol 1.3 software, the homology structure of JFH1 NS5A was determined based on the dimer structure of genotype 1b extracted from the database Protein dataBank (***/pdbsum) with codes 1ZH1 and 3FQM/3FQQ. FLAG-NS5A-WT failed to form dimer in the absence of nonstructural proteins from subgenomic replicon (NS3-5A);however, FLAG-NS5A-Y93H was able to form dimer without the aid of NS3-5A. The Ser38-His93-Asn91 triad in the dimer of the Y93H variant predicts a structural crash of the cleft receiving the NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir. The dimerization assay revealed that the existence of JFH1-NS5A-1ZH1 and -3FQM homology dimers depended on each other for existence and that both NS5A-WT 1ZH1 and 3FQM dimers cooperated to facilitate RNA replication. However, NS5A-Y93H 1ZH1 alone could form dimer and conduct RNA replication in the absence of the 3FQM structure. In conclusion, this study provides novel insight into the functional significance of the Ser38-His93-Asn91 triad in resistance of the Y93H variant to NS5A inhibitors. © 2023 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

关键词： dimerization drug resistance Hepatitis C virus inhibitor NS5A Y93H mutant

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The Journal of Rural Health 1987年第2期3卷 47-60页

作者： Hertzler, Ann A. Caldwell, John S. Mark‐Teo, Miew Leng ANN A. HERTZLER Ph.D. R.D. is an Associate Professor of Human Nutrition and Foods and an Extension Specialist in Food and Nutrition College of Human Resources Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Dr. Hertzler completed her undergraduate degree at Pennsylvania State University her M.S. degree at Drexel University and received her Ph.D. from Cornell University. She has previously served on the faculties of Drexel University Nor them Illinois University and the University of Missouri-Columbia. She spent a sabbatic year on the faculty at the University of Hawaii. She also has experience as a therapeutic dietitian in the United States and in London England. Dr. Hertzler has published extensively in nutrition related journals JOHN A. CALDWELL Ph.D. is Title XI1 Chairman for International Vegetable Production in the Department of Horticulture at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Dr. Caldwell has degrees from the University of Kansas Tokyo University and Louisiana State University. He has worked a total of approximately 10 years in The Philippines Taiwan Japan and The Gambia West Africa. He has written extensively on farming systems research and extension MIEW LENG MARK-TEO M.S. received her B.S. and M.S. degrees from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. She has done additional studies in dietetics in Saskatoon. Currently she is an instructor in the Early Childhood Development Program in the Gabriel Dumont Institute in Saskatoon-Teo

A case study approach was used to study 10 limited resource farm families to identify factors relative to the farm family situation that are associated with adequate or inadequate food habits. dietary measures were developed and adequacy of diets was analyzed in relation to gender, women's off‐ or on‐farm employment, predominant farm activities, and cohesiveness. Traditional families, with two adults present and the women employed on the farm, had the most adequate diets and higher cohesiveness ratings. Families in transition, with women employed off the farm or headed by widowed women farmers, had the poorest diets nutritionally and tended to have lower cohesiveness ratings. The presence of a food source raised or grown for income purposes did not guarantee the use of the food for family consumption. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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MEdICAL ANTHROPOLOGY HEALTH POLICY ANd THE STATE: A CASE STUdY OF SUdAN

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Review of Policy research 1981年第1期1卷 47-65页

作者： Gruenbaum, Ellen ELLEN GRUENBAUM spent five years in Sudan lecturing at the University of Khartoum and researching rural health services. Since 1979 she has been a research associate in the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Connecticut Health Center where she served as editor of the Comparative Health Systems Newsletter and coordinated the Cross-National Study of Health Systems Program. She received her B.A. from Stanford University M.A. in anthropology from the University of Connecticut and is currently completing her Ph.D. in anthropology at the University of Connecticut. The title of her dissertation is “Health Services” Health and Development in Sudan: The Impact of the Gezira Irrigated Scheme.

Medical anthropologists have frequently limited themselves to studying cultural factors in illness, curing or resistance to the acceptance of modern Western medical services. This prevailing “socioculturalist” approach has serious analytical shortcomings resulting from underestimating the importance of the social formations in which cultural factors occur. Consequently, the policy recommendations produced in medical anthropology are often crippled by theoretical limitations. It is argued that the historically specific constellation of social relations governing production and the appropriation and distribution of the economic surplus‐commonly embodied in the functions of the state‐have profound effects on the pattern of health and illness as well as on the availability of health services. In underdeveloped countries an analysis of the role of the state in health is especially important, since the organs of state power play a stronger role in health care than in countries with well developed markets for medical services. In the case of Sudan, the interests of the state in colonial and postindependence periods required a development strategy involving large‐scale irrigated agriculture utilizing seasonal migrant labor. The labor and health policies aimed at economic productivity and political stability are analyzed here in relation to the adverse health effects and serious maldistribution of health services which resulted. Copyright © 1981, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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diosgenin Reduces Acute Kidney Injury and Ameliorates the Progression to Chronic Kidney disease by Modifying the NOX4/p65 Signaling Pathways( vol 72,pg 17444,2024)

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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ANd FOOd CHEMISTRY 2024年第43期72卷 24130-24130页

作者： Chiang, Chih-Hung Lan, Tien-Yun Hsieh, Jung-Hung Lin, Su-Chu Chen, Jaw-Wen Chang, Ting-Ting Division of Urology Department of Surgery and Department of Research and Development Taoyuan General Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare Taoyuan 330 Taiwan Department of Urology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei 100 Taiwan Department and Institute of Pharmacology School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 112 Taiwan Department of Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuan-Shan Branch Yilan 264 Taiwan Department of Medical Research and Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuan-Shan Branch Yilan 264 Taiwan Cardiovascular Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital and Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine and Department of Research Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 110 Taiwan Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 112 Taiwan Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 112 Taiwan Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 112 Taiwan

Acute kidney injury (AKI), if not well controlled, may progress to chronic kidney disease (CKd). diosgenin is a natural phytosteroid sapogenin from plants. This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic effects of diosgenin on AKI and AKI related development of CKd. The mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI was used, and its progressive changes were followed. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells were used, and hypoxia stimulation was applied to mimic the in vivo I/R. diosgenin, given after renal injury, preserved kidney function, as evidenced by a reduction in serum levels of BUN, creatinine, and UACR in both acute and chronic phases of AKI. diosgenin alleviated I/R-induced tubular injury and prevented macrophage infiltration and renal fibrosis in AKI mice. Furthermore, diosgenin also mitigated the development of CKd from AKI with reduced renal expression of inflammatory, fibrotic, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers. In human renal tubular epithelial cells, diosgenin downregulated the hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and cellular damages that were dependent on the NOX4/p65 signaling pathways. Taken together, diosgenin treatment reduced I/R-induced AKI and ameliorated the progression to CKd from AKI probably by modifying the NOX4/p65 signaling pathways.

关键词： acute kidney injury chronic kidney disease diosgenin fibrosis inflammation

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Community Service and Political Identity development in Adolescence

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Journal of Social Issues 2010年第3期54卷 495-512页

作者： Miranda Yates James Youniss Covenant House MIRANDA YATES received a Ph.D. in Human Development from the Catholic University of America. She is currently a program supervisor at Covenant House in California. Her research interests are in the areas of moral and political development and identity formation. The Catholic University of America JAMES YOUNISS is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Life Cycle Institute at the Catholic University of America. With Miranda Yates and Jeffrey McLellan he has studied the effects of community service in youth.

This article addresses the interconnection of political socialization and identity development. We begin with Erikson's work, which identified the development of political commitment in adolescence as a key aspect of identity formation. We then seek to shed light on the social processes through which youth become engaged in political activities and issues. We discuss the influences of family and peers as well as participation in community service and other civic activities. The development of social responsibility and agency, and an understanding of the complexity of social issues are considered as important facets of political commitment. data from a case study of Black urban adolescents who participated in a year-long service learning program are used to illustrate our perspective. We conclude that social-historical context, instantiated in social relationships and actions, plays a pivotal role in the process and shape of political socialization and identity formation.

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