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SWIMMING ANd phYSICAL-FITNESS dURING PREGNANCY

JOURNAL OF NURSE-MIdWIFERY 1981年第6期26卷 3-12页

作者： SIBLEY, L RUHLING, RO CAMERONFOSTER, J CHRISTENSEN, C BOLEN, T Lynn Sibley received her B.S. in Nursing from the University of Colorado Denver Colorado in 1973 and her M.S. in Parent-Child Nursing and Nurse-Midwifery from the University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah in 1980. Ms. Sibley is currently working as a clinical instructor and practicing nurse-midwifery at the University of Colorado School of Nursing Graduate Program Nurse-Midwifery Tract. Robert O. Ruhling received his Ph.D. in Exercise Physiology from Michigan State University in 1970. He spent two years on NIH Post-Doctoral Research Traineeship (Cardiovascular Physiology) at the Institute of Environmental Stress University of California Santa Barbara. In 1972 he assumed the Directorship of the Human Performance Research Laboratory in the College of Health at the University of Utah. Currently he is Professor of Physical Education and active in both teaching and research. Joyce Cameron-Foster received her B.S. in Nursing from the University of California Los Angeles California in 1958. She received her M.S. in Nursing and Nurse-Midwifery from Yale University in 1961 and her Ph.D. in Health Science from the University of Utah in 1981. Dr. Foster is currently working as an Associate Professor in the Graduate Nurse-Midwifery Program University of Utah. Carol Christensen received her Ph.D. in Physical Education from the University of Utah in 1980. Prior to coming to Utah she earned her M.A. at the University of California Santa Barbara in Ergonomics in 1976. Currently Dr. Christensen is Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Performance San Jose State University. Timothy Bolen received his B.S. degree in Education from Central Michigan University in 1977. He worked for two years with the Central Michigan University Adult Fitness Program as an Exercise Leader. He is completing requirements for his M.S. in Physical Education at the University of Utah. Currently Mr. Bolen is on the staff of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute at Borgess Medical Center Kalamazoo Michigan.

The influence of aerobic swin conditioning on levels of maternal physical fitness and the influence of each swim bout on selected maternal and fetal circulatory parameters were investigated. Thirteen women who met criteria for a low-risk homogeneous sample were randomly assigned to either an experimental ( n = 7) or a control ( n = 6) group. Experimental subjects participated in ten weeks of a swim conditioning program, while control subjects maintained their normal activities (to exclude aerobic conditioning). Fitness levels for all subjects were determined from respiratory gas analysis during graded exercise testing on a treadmill prior to and following the swim conditioning program. Testing indicated that experimental subjects were able to maintain their initial fitness levels over the twelve weeks of increasing gestation, while control subjects were not able to do so. These findings suggest the effectiveness of the swim conditioning program in countering a potential decrease in fitness levels. Importantly, maternal blood pressure, pulse, and fetal heart rate response remained within clinically normal limits during swim conditioning for experimental subjects, and during treadmill testing for all subjects.

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Integrating a concern for health promotion/disease prevention with the clinical practice of medicine and dentistry

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Möbius: A Journal for Continuing Education Professionals in Health sciences 1981年第4期1卷 66-73页

作者： deFriese, Gordon H. Sparks, Robert d. Barker, Ben d. Gordon H. DeFriese Ph.D. Dr. DeFriese holds a doctorate in medical sociology and behavioral science from the University of Kentucky College of Medicine and served on the faculties of the University of Kentucky in Lexington and Cornell University. He currently is an associate professor of social medicine and epidemiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and is the director of the Health Services Research Center at UNC-CH. Robert D. Sparks M.D. Dr. Sparks is the vice president of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation of Battle Creek Michigan and is the former vice president for the Medical Center of the University of Nebraska at Omaha and dean of the Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans. Dr. Sparks is a specialist in internal medicine and has published in the field of alcoholism. Ben D. Barker D.D.S. M.S. Dr. Barker is program director of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Formerly Dr. Barker was an associate dean for Academic Affairs at the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry. He has extensive experience related to the subject of preventive dentistry and the problem of ensuring exposure to fluoride as a preventive strategy. As of September 1981 Dr. Barker will assume the post of dean of the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry.

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HEAT PIPES ANd THEIR POTENTIAL NAVAL APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第5期93卷 29-32页

作者： WU, C Dr. Chih Wu received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois in January 1966. Presently he is a full Professor and Director of the Thermal Fluid and Energy Discipline in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the U.S. Naval Academy. Since 1966 he has had more than 70 articles and papers presented at professional meetings published in various journals and technical magazines concerning the subjects of Energy Thermodynamics Heat Transfer Fluid Dynamics Computer Science and Education.

The principle of the heat pipe is very simple. phenomena involved are surface tension and the latent heat of the working fluid. There are no moving parts. Its effective thermal conductivity is hundreds of times more than conventional solid heat conductors. Substantial research in this field did not begin until the 1960s. Already there have been efforts made to employ heat pipes in various areas. The N avy can benefit from the useful characteristics of heat pipes. Several potential naval applications are discussed in the paper. More and more opportunities for the employment of the heat pipes could be realized as time goes on.

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dEPICTING FEdERAL FISCAL TRANSFERS

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PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAphER 1981年第4期33卷 419-422页

作者： TOBLER, W WALDO R. TOBLER (Ph.D. University of Washington) is Professor of Geography at the University of California Santa Barbara. His research interests lie in the general areas of digital cartography and the analytic aspects of spatial data handling. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant SOC77-00191. Computer and programming assistance was provided by R. Milliff V. Sefcik and N. Shagour. T. Whittaker provided the streakline program.

A method is described for cartographically illustrating interstate flows of federal monies within the contiguous United States, using as data the differences between government collections and expenditures by state. It is assumed that movements between surplus and deficit areas are governed by a potential field, for which the driving potential can be interpreted as political “strength.'’Resulting computer-drawn maps reveal Frostbelt-Sunbelt flows as well as flows toward New England and Washington state. The cumulated total movement, or flux, yields a 48-by-48 table of interstate transfers. These are likewise mapped by computer, the state centroids being connected by arrows whose width is proportional to the magnitude of flows.

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LASER-WELdING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 49-58页

作者： METZBOWER, EA Edward A. Metzbower is a supervisory metallurgist in the Material Science and Technology Division of the Naval Research Laboratory. A graduate of Loyola College (B.S.) and the Johns Hopkins University (M.E.S. and Ph.D.) Dr. Metzbower has been employed at NRL since 1967. He has studied the deformation characteristics of titanium alloys using x-ray line broadening techniques and is presently involved with a program studying the relationships between the mechanical properties structures and processing parameters of the welding conditions especially laser welding. He is a member of The Metallurgical Society of AIME the American Society for Metals the American Welding Society and Sigma Xi.

Technological improvements in welding have proceeded at a slow pace usually brought about by incremental advances in techniques or materials. An opportunity is now being afforded the N avy to increase its welding technology by giant steps by utilizing the emerging technology of laser welding. Welding with a laser is no longer a research curiosity; it is a viable manufacturing process that is used in large industries. Laser welding is no longer confined to trimming resistors or pulsed welding of microelectronic components. deep penetration welds have been made by utilizing and focusing high power, continuous carbon dioxide laser beams onto a wide variety of metal and alloys. These welds have been made at speeds up to 70 inches per minute in one half inch thick aluminum alloys at power levels of 8 kilowatts. High strength, low alloy steels have been welded at speeds of 40 inches per minute in one half inch plates at power levels of 12 kilowatts. Recently, it has been demonstrated that quenched and tempered steels can be welded in thicknesses up to three quarters of an inch at speeds in excess of 25 inches per minute at power levels of 14 kilowatts. Many of these improvements have taken place because of refinements in techniques, gas shielding, power stability and a decrease in spot size. Not only does the laser weld faster but the properties of laser welds are significantly better than the normal arc welding techniques and even better than another esoteric welding technique, electron beam welding. This improvement in properties is manifested both in mechanical properties and fracture resistance values. Typically autogeneous laser welds of quenched and tempered steels have yield strengths exceeding those of the base plate. At the same time, there is no significant reduction in the ductility of these welds. On the other hand, the fracture toughness values of laser beam welds approach the values obtained for the base plate and are significantly higher than the values obt

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THOU SHALT NOT EXECUTE - HEBREW LAW PERSPECTIVE ON CAPITAL-PUNISHMENT

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CRIMINOLOGY 1981年第1期19卷 25-43页

作者： EREZ, E Edna Erez receivedan LL.B. degree from the Hebrew University in 1970 an M.A. in criminology (1974) and a Ph.D. in sociology (1979) from the University of Pennsylvania. She has been a member of the Israeli bar since 1970. Her interests are in sociology of law and criminology. Edna Erez is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the Social Science Research Institute of the University of Southern California participating in an NIMH supported program on Evaluation and Monitoring Deviance Control Egorts. She is on a leave of absence from the University of Baltimore. where she has been Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice since 1978.

This article discusses the historical developments in the approach of Hebrew law to capital punishment. It presents the biblical principles and modes of capital punishment, and discusses subsequent reforms and innovations of the Talmudic and post- Talmudic scholars. The sanctity and invaluableness of life, so fundamental to Hebrew law, did not allow for the substitution of any other type of punishment for death. Reluctance to impose death penalties was expressed in various procedural and substantive legal requirements for conviction in capital cases, requirements that rendered the imposition of the death penalty virtually impossible. The few exceptions to this practice were noted and the relevance of Hebrew law to secular law in contemporary society is discussed.

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AdVANCEd CONCEPTS IN CHEMICAL PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR A 500-TON SUBMERSIBLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第1期93卷 63-75页

作者： URBACH, HB KNAUSS, dT QUANdT, ER Dr. Herman B. Urbach:received his B.A. degree in Chemistry from Indiana University in 1948 his M.A. degree in Physical Chemistry from Columbia University in 1950 his Ph.D. degree in Physical Chemistry from Case-Western Reserve University in 1953 and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The George Washington University in 1976. After receiving his doctorate he was employed by Olin Mathieson Corporation Niagara Falls N. Y. as a Group Leader and Research Chemist on rocket fuels borane chemistry and the reactions of oxygen atoms with ozone. In 1959 he joined the United Technology Research Laboratories East Hartford Conn. as a Senior Research Scientist working in the area of fuel cells and electrochemistry. Presently he is a Scientific Staff Assistant in the Power Systems Division David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center where since 1965 he has performed research and development studies on fuel cells gas turbines biphase turbines and MHD systems. Additionally Dr. Urbach was a Consultant to the Artificial Heart Program of the National Heart and Lung Institute NIH and presently is a member of the New York Academy of Science Sigma Xi American Chemical Society Electrochemical Society American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Dr. Donald T. Knauss:received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Duke University in 1956 at which time he took employment with the NASA Lewis Research Center Cleveland Ohio. Here he was involved with aircraft propulsion innovations until his entry into military service with the U.S. Air Force. After completing work toward his M.S.M.E. degree at Purdue University in 1962 he was employed by Battelle Memorial Institute Columbia Ohio where he was involved in a variety of projects related to Fluid and Thermal Mechanics. He was later employed by the Ballistic Research Laboratories Aberdeen Proving Ground Md. where he contributed to studies of the physical gas dynamics of hypers

Alternative advanced power systems designed to operate a 500-ton submersible have been examined with respect to overall weight and volume fractions. Two-week and one-month missions, with and without the conventional “at-sea” recharge capability, were considered to evaluate the impact of advanced technologies on non-nuclear submarine design. Candidate air-breathing, primary-power systems studied included diesel, Closed-Brayton Cycle (CBC), and fuel cells. A number of options for underwater operation were based upon high-energy reactants replenlshable from Base supplies. Another set of options was considered based upon using JP-S fuel with “at-sea” rechargeable secondary power systems, including thermal-energy storage, advanced lithium-sulfur batteries, or flywheels. Replenlshable high-energy reactant systems were, on average, lower in weight and volume than the rechargeable systems for the same submerged-mission profile. Moreover, the replenlshable systems permitted an extended tactical encounter with a maximum duration of 8 to 17 hours at speeds of 30 knots without the need to resurface and recharge a secondary energy storage device. The lowest-weight rechargeable systems in the order of increasing weight were the CBC engine with advanced lithium-sulfur battery, the CBC engine with carbon-block (thermal energy storage), and the diesel engine with advanced lithium-sulfur battery. The rechargeable systems required unacceptable weight fractions in both missions. The high-energy (replenlshable from Base supplies) systems, with the exception of the heavy acid fuel cell using LOX, were all acceptable candidates for application in the two-week mission. Only the CBC engine with a llthium-sulfurhexaflaoride heat source, the lowest-weight system in both mission groups, was acceptable for the one-month mission.

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BANQUET AddRESS - TECHNOLOGY IS FUN, ITS THE OTHER THINGS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 57-59页

作者： FROSCH, RA President American Association of Engineering Societies Inc Dr. Robert A. Frosch born in New York City on 22 May 1928 attended Columbia University from which he received his B.A. degree in 1947 his M.A. degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. degree in 1952 all in the field of Theoretical Physics. While completing his studies for his doctorate he joined Columbia's Hudson Laboratories in 1951 and worked on naval research projects as a Research Scientist until 1958 when he became the Director Hudson Laboratories a post he held until 1963. From 1965 to 1966 he was Deputy Director Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) Department of Defense (DOD) having first joined ARPA in 1963 as the Director for Nuclear Test Detection the position he held until 1965. Since 1969 he also has served as the DOD member of the Committee for Policy Review National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering Development and in 1967 and 1970 as the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission meetings at UNESCO in Paris. In addition he was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research & Development from 1966 to 1973 Assistant Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program with the rank of Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations from 1973 to 1975 and Assistant Director for Applied Oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1975 until mid-1977. In June 1977 he became the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) the position he held prior to joining the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) Incorporated. On 20 January 1981 he was elected to his present post as President AAES. Additionally he was the Sea Grant Lecturer for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 and currently is a National Lecturer for Sigma Xi. During his distinguished career Dr. Frosch has been the recipient of numerous awards among which are the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1966 the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1

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CREATING FUTURE GEOGRAphIES

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ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAphERS 1980年第4期70卷 449-458页

作者： BERRY, BJL Dr. Berry is the Williams Professor of City and Regional Planning Director of the Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis Chairman of the Ph.D. Program in Urban Planning Professor in the Department of Sociology and a Fellow of the Institute for International Development at Harvard University in Cambridge MA 02138.

Pluralism in contemporary geography has gone beyond the creative liberty of variety and degenerated into license that threatens the future of the profession. A frame work for reintegration of our diverse pursuits is proposed to enable us to create future geographies consistent with our enduring values. environments that expand freedom and choice and opportunity, and organized fantasies containing new delights for the scholarly practitioners and the practical scholars who will succeed us as the geographers of the future.

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IN SEARCH OF A LINKAGE - CITIZEN EVALUATION, POLICE SYSTEMS ACTIVITY, ANd UNREPORTEd CRIME

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CRIMINOLOGY 1980年第4期17卷 471-476页

作者： GAMBLE, d Arkansas State University Darwin Gamble (Ph.D. Florida State 1978) is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Arkansas State University where he reaches urban policies and methodology. His research interests are urban spending policies police evaluation and criminal justice administration. He is involved in the establishment of a program in public affairs and administration at his institution.

Previous research has produced conflicting findings concerning the relationship between police evaluation by citizens and unreported crime rate. data for thirteen large American cities indicate a weak positive relationship between the two variables. Strong negative relationships are evident between unreported crime rate and variables measuring police systems activities and demographic characteristics. Cities with the highest levels of police expenditures and manpower have the lowest levels of unreported crime, as do cities with high percentages of nonwhites and dense populations. Further analysis reveals that controlling for percentage of nonwhites and police manpower severely attenuates the original correlation between unreported crime rate and police evaluation. We conclude that future research should endeavor to explain the linkage between police systems activities and unreported crime.

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