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Bone quality in zebrafish vertebrae improves after alendronate administration in a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model

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Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2024年 154卷 106521页

作者： Bohns, Fabio Rocha Akhtar, Riaz Chuang, Yung-Jen Chen, Po-Yu Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace Engineering University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan School of Medicine National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) changes the microarchitecture of bones and often leads to the reduction of bone-mineral density (BMd) and increased fracture rates. Zebrafish has been used as an alternative model for GIOP, however, the interaction of GIOP, and its treatment, with zebrafish bone morphometrics and mechanical properties, remains a challenge. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of prednisolone and alendronate on the properties of zebrafish vertebrae. Adult 7-month-old zebrafish were distributed into four groups: control (CTRL), prednisolone-only (PN), alendronate-only (ALN), and the sequential use of both medicines (PN + ALN). Fish skeletons were scanned via micro-tomography (n = 3) to obtain vertebra morphometrics (e.g., BMd). Bone morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (n = 4) and the biomechanical behaviour with nanoindentation technique (n = 3). The BMd decreased in PN (426.08 ± 18.58 mg/cm3) and ALN (398.23 ± 10.20 mg/cm3) groups compared to the CTRL (490.43 ± 41.96 mg/cm3) (p 3) (p > 0.05). The bone layered structures remain preserved in all groups. The vertebrae of the groups that received ALN and PN + ALN, displayed higher modulus of elasticity (27.27 ± 1.59 GPa and 25.68 ± 2.07 GPa, respectively) than the CTRL (22.74 ± 1.60 GP) (p © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Bone

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Solitary central nervous system relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia

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International Journal of Laboratory Hematology 2024年第4期46卷 587-588页

作者： diem, Truong pham Hong Su, Yu-Chen Su, Mei-Yu Teng, Chieh-Lin Jerry Department of Hematology Cho Ray Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Medicine Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

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danceOnStage: positioning training of dancing stage performance in virtual reality

DanceOnStage: positioning training of dancing stage performa...

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IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR)

作者： Ssu-Hsuan Wu Kai-Ting Wang Chia-Chen Chiang Hsin-Yu Chang Cheng-Yun Yeh Min-Chun Hu International Intercollegiate Ph.D.Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Master of Computer Science Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Interdisciplinary Program of Technology and Art National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

This research aims to create a virtual reality-based practice system that simulates real-stage performance environments, assisting amateur dancers in overcoming stage fright and practicing group choreography that is difficult to achieve during individual practice. In this study, users can engage in performance simulations within the created system using the HTC VIVE virtual reality device. Within the system, we have developed a virtual stage space system that only requires a 2m x 3.5m physical area to simulate a large virtual stage experience. Users can also simulate choreographic positioning with virtual dance partners within this system, providing amateur dancers with group dance rehearsal practice opportunities that are not feasible during solo practice. Additionally, by creating three different audience modes, we aim to help users simulate various audience scenarios they may encounter during a performance. The system includes a recording feature that captures users' simulated performances, allowing them to review their actions and receive feedback after practice.

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Ga2O3 nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal method for dual-functional sensing of ph value and glucose

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Sensors and Actuators A: physical 2023年 363卷

作者： Chou, Hsin-Yu Yadlapalli, Bharath Kumar Yen, Chao-Chun Singh, Anoop Kumar Chiang, Jung-Lung Wuu, dong-Sing Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411030 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan

In this work, hydrothermal (HT)-synthesized gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanorods were applied on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates to create a dual-functional ph-glucose sensing device. Extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFETs) were designed for ph and glucose sensing, and the response to ph levels ranging from 1 to 11 was tested using both chemical bath deposition (CBd) and high-pressure hydrothermal methods. Two sensor configurations, Ga2O3(CBd)/ITO/glass and Ga2O3(HT)/ITO/glass, were immersed in solution ph1 to 11 and cultured medium for hydrogen ion and glucose sensing. The results demonstrated that, for ph sensing in different samples, both IdS-VdS analysis and IdS-VGS analysis showed superior linearity and sensitivity with the HT method. For glucose detection, the HT method was selected for further experiments due to its maintained concentration-dependent relationship and selectivity towards various common sugars. When using culture medium dMEM as the sample (4.5 mg/ml glucose concentration), the accuracy of glucose estimation reached 99%. Stability and biocompatibility tests were also conducted, and the results indicated consistent performance. In summary, the HT-synthesized Ga2O3 nanorods exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability without affecting cell growth. Therefore, they hold great potential for applications not only in general blood glucose sensing but also in studying cell microenvironment metabolism. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanorods

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Speciose nonpollinating wasp community and parasitic pressure: crops without pollinators in figs of Ficus subpisocarpa

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Arthropod-Plant Interactions 2024年第1期18卷 165-180页

作者： Chiang, Yun-Peng Chou, Lien-Siang Bain, Anthony Center for Ecology and Environment Tunghai University No. 1727 Sec. 4 Boulevard Xitun District Taichung City 407224 Taiwan Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei 106216 Taiwan Department of Biological Sciences National Sun Yat-sen University No. 70 Lienhai Rd. Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program for Science National Sun Yat-sen University No. 70 Lienhai Rd. Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan

Wasp communities are often complex and speciose and often associated with plant and herbivorous hosts. Nonpollinating wasps are one example of these communities: these communities can reach 20 species on a single species of Ficus trees. Such diversity implies that the number of interactions is high, and the trophic web may be complicated to disentangle. Some of wasp species may be gall wasps whereas the majority of them are parasitoid wasps feeding on other wasp species larvae. To understand the nonpollinating fig wasp community associated with Ficus subpisocarpa in Northern Taiwan, the oviposition timing of the fig wasps has been monitored and a bagging experiment has been done on several crops. Twenty-one morphospecies were found, and three fig crops type were defined by the wasp composition and fig traits as “typical” crops, “rare NPFWs” crops (RN), and “rare pollinators” (RP) crops. The diversity indexes showed that the typical type has the highest diversity and the RN type, which is the most dissimilar crop from the others, has the lowest diversity. From their oviposition time along the fig development, the nonpollinating fig wasps can be easily divided into two guilds: gall wasps and parasitoid wasps. Moreover, one of the most striking results of this study is the presence of figs that do not produce any pollinator in RP crops. The implications of this type of crops on the mutualism between Ficus subpisocarpa and its pollinator are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

关键词： Community Ficus Gall Parasitoid Trophic guild

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Future of Cybersecurity

Future of Cybersecurity

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Recent Trends in Information Technology (CSCTIT), College of science International Conference of

作者： Yasamin Alagrash Senior lecturer in the computer science department college of science Mustansiriyah University Baghdad Iraq Department of computer science Ph.D. in computer science and informatics college of engineering Oakland university MI USA Computer science department MSC in data security university of technology Baghdad Iraq

Cybersecurity is critical to the digital world's ongoing progress. Whether you are a company owner or a customer, you must be prepared to adapt to new technology, policies, and methods that will aid in the creation of a safer and more secure online environment. As a result, the frequency of exposed network surfaces compels us to invest in more advanced protection measures.

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Learning Universal and Robust 3d Molecular Representations with Graph Convolutional Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Shuo Liu, Yang Xie, Li Xie, Lei Ph.D. Program in Computer Science The Graduate Center The City University of New York United States Department of Computer Science Hunter College The City University of New York United States Helen & Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University United States

To learn accurate representations of molecules, it is essential to consider both chemical and geometric features. To encode geometric information, many descriptors have been proposed in constrained circumstances for specific types of molecules and do not have the properties to be "robust": 1. Invariant to rotations and translations;2. Injective when embedding molecular structures. In this work, we propose a universal and robust directional Node Pair (dNP) descriptor based on the graph-representations of 3d molecules. Our dNP descriptor is robust compared to previous ones and can be applied to multiple molecular types. To combine the dNP descriptor and chemical features in molecules, we construct the Robust Molecular Graph Convolutional Network (RoM-GCN) which is capable to take both node and edge features into consideration when generating molecule representations. We evaluate our model on protein and small molecule datasets. Our results validate the superiority of the dNP descriptor in incorporating 3d geometric information of molecules. RoM-GCN outperforms all compared baselines. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecules

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Protein Language Model-Powered 3d Ligand Binding Site Prediction from Protein Sequence

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Shuo Xie, Lei Department of Computer Science Hunter College City University of New York United States Ph.D. Program in Computer Science Graduate Center City University of New York United States Helen & Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University United States

Prediction of ligand binding sites of proteins is a fundamental and important task for understanding the function of proteins and screening potential drugs. Most existing methods require experimentally determined protein holo-structures as input. However, such structures can be unavailable on novel or less-studied proteins. To tackle this limitation, we propose LaMPSite, which only takes protein sequences and ligand molecular graphs as input for ligand binding site predictions. The protein sequences are used to retrieve residue-level embeddings and contact maps from the pre-trained ESM-2 protein language model. The ligand molecular graphs are fed into a graph neural network to compute atom-level embeddings. Then we compute and update the protein-ligand interaction embedding based on the protein residue-level embeddings and ligand atom-level embeddings, and the geometric constraints in the inferred protein contact map and ligand distance map. A final pooling on protein-ligand interaction embedding would indicate which residues belong to the binding sites. Without any 3d coordinate information of proteins, our proposed model achieves competitive performance compared to baseline methods that require 3d protein structures when predicting binding sites. Given that less than 50% of proteins have reliable structure information in the current stage, LaMPSite will provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Proteins

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Structure-guided identification and characterization of potent inhibitors targeting phoP and MtrA to combat mycobacteria

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Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2024年 23卷 1477-1488页

作者： Su, Han-Li Lai, Shu-Jung Tsai, Keng-Chang Fung, Kit-Man Lung, Tse-Lin Hsu, Hsing-Mien Wu, Yi-Chen Liu, Ching-Hui Lai, Hui-Xiang Lin, Jiun-Han Tseng, Tien-Sheng Department of Emergency Medicine Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chiayi City600 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Research Center for Cancer Biology China Medical University Taichung Taiwan National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine Ministry of Health and Welfare Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Industrial Technology Ministry of Economic Affairs Taipei Taiwan Food Industry Research and Development Institute Hsinchu City Taiwan

Mycobacteria are causative agents of tuberculosis (TB), which is a global health concern. drug-resistant TB strains are rapidly emerging, thereby necessitating the urgent development of new drugs. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are signaling pathways involved in the regulation of various bacterial behaviors and responses to environmental stimuli. Applying specific inhibitors of TCSs can disrupt bacterial signaling, growth, and virulence, and can help combat drug-resistant TB. We conducted a comprehensive pharmacophore-based inhibitor screening and biochemical and biophysical examinations to identify, characterize, and validate potential inhibitors targeting the response regulators phoP and MtrA of mycobacteria. The constructed pharmacophore model phar-PR-n4 identified effective inhibitors of formation of the phoP–dNA complex: ST132 (IC50 = 29 ± 1.6 µM) and ST166 (IC50 = 18 ± 1.3 µM). ST166 (Kd = 18.4 ± 4.3 μM) and ST132 (Kd = 14.5 ± 0.1 μM) strongly targeted phoP in a slow-on, slow-off manner. The inhibitory potency and binding affinity of ST166 and ST132 for MtrAC were comparable to those of phoP. Structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ST166 and ST132 mainly interact with the α8-helix and C-terminal β-hairpin of phoP, with functionally essential residue hotspots for structure-based inhibitor optimization. Moreover, ST166 has in vitro antibacterial activity against Macrobacterium marinum. Thus, ST166, with its characteristic 1,2,5,6-tetrathiocane and terminal sulphonic groups, has excellent potential as a candidate for the development of novel antimicrobial agents to combat pathogenic mycobacteria. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Antimicrobial agents

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Understanding Server-Assisted Federated Learning in the Presence of Incomplete Client Participation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Haibo Qiu, Peiwen Khanduri, Prashant Fang, Minghong Liu, Jia Department of Computing and Information Sciences Ph.D. Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Computer Science Wayne State University DetroitMI United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC United States

Existing works in federated learning (FL) often assume an ideal system with either full client or uniformly distributed client participation. However, in practice, it has been observed that some clients may never participate in FL training (aka incomplete client participation) due to a myriad of system heterogeneity factors. A popular approach to mitigate impacts of incomplete client participation is the server-assisted federated learning (SA-FL) framework, where the server is equipped with an auxiliary dataset. However, despite SA-FL has been empirically shown to be effective in addressing the incomplete client participation problem, there remains a lack of theoretical understanding for SA-FL. Meanwhile, the ramifications of incomplete client participation in conventional FL are also poorly understood. These theoretical gaps motivate us to rigorously investigate SA-FL. Toward this end, we first show that conventional FL is not PAC-learnable under incomplete client participation in the worst case. Then, we show that the PAC-learnability of FL with incomplete client participation can indeed be revived by SA-FL, which theoretically justifies the use of SA-FL for the first time. Lastly, to provide practical guidance for SA-FL training under incomplete client participation, we propose the SAFARI (server-assisted federated averaging) algorithm that enjoys the same linear convergence speedup guarantees as classic FL with ideal client participation assumptions, offering the first SA-FL algorithm with convergence guarantee. Extensive experiments on different datasets show SAFARI significantly improves the performance under incomplete client participation. © 2024, CC BY-NC-Nd.

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