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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bessonov, Mariya Ilmer, Ilia Konstantinova, Tatiana Ovchinnikov, Alexey Pogudin, Gleb Soto, Pedro Department of Mathematics CUNY NYC College of Technology New YorkNY United States Ph.D. Program in Computer Science CUNY Graduate Center New YorkNY United States Department of Mathematics CUNY Queens College New YorkNY United States LIX CNRS École Polytechnique Institute Polytechnique de Paris Paris France

Symbolic computation for systems of differential equations is often computationally expensive. Many practical differential models have a form of polynomial or rational OdE system with specified outputs. A basic symbolic approach to analyze these models is to compute and then symbolically process the polynomial system obtained by sufficiently many Lie derivatives of the output functions with respect to the vector field given by the OdE system. In this paper, we present a method for speeding up Gröbner basis computation for such a class of polynomial systems by using specific monomial ordering, including weights for the variables, coming from the structure of the OdE model. We provide empirical results that show improvement across different symbolic computing frameworks and apply the method to speed up structural identifiability analysis of OdE models. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Polynomials

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Advances in surgical treatment for atlantoaxial instability focusing on rheumatoid arthritis: Analysis of a series of 67 patients

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International Journal of Rheumatic diseases 2023年第10期26卷 1996-2006页

作者： Lin, Mao-Shih Huang, Chih-Wei Tsou, Hsi-Kai Tzeng, Chung-Yuh Kao, Ting-Hsien Lin, Ruei-Hong Chen, Tse-Yu Li, Chi-Ruei Lee, Cheng-Ying Department of Neurosurgery Neurological Institute Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Functional Neurosurgery Division Neurological Institute Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Rehabilitation Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management Houlong Taiwan Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan College of Health National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications Da-Yeh University Changhua Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

Aim: An estimated 88% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients experience various degrees of cervical spine involvement. The excessive movement of the atlantoaxial joint, which connects the occiput to the upper cervical spine, results in atlantoaxial instability (AAI). AAI stabilization is usually achieved by C1 lateral mass-to-C2 pedicle screw-rod fixation (LC1–PC2 fixation), which is technically challenging in RA patients who often show destructive changes in anatomical structures. This study aimed to analyze the clinical results and operative experiences of C1–C2 surgery, with emphasis on the advancement of image-guided surgery and augmented reality (AR) assisted navigation. Methods: We presented our two decades of experience in the surgical management of AAI from April 2004 to November 2022. Results: We have performed surgery on 67 patients with AAI, including 21 traumatic odontoid fractures, 20 degenerative osteoarthritis, 11 inflammatory diseases of RA, 5 congenital anomalies of the os odontoideum, 2 unknown etiologies, 2 movement disorders, 2 previous implant failures, 2 osteomyelitis, 1 ankylosing spondylitis, and 1 tumor. Beginning in 2007, we performed LC1–PC2 fixation under C-arm fluoroscopy. As part of the progress in spinal surgery, since 2011 we used surgical navigation from presurgical planning to intraoperative navigation, using the preoperative computed tomography (CT) -based image-guided BrainLab navigation system. In 2021, we began using intraoperative CT scan and microscope-based AR navigation. Conclusion: The technical complexities of C1–C2 surgery can be mitigated by CT-based image-guided surgery and microscope-based AR navigation, to improve accuracy in screw placement and overall clinical outcomes, particularly in RA patients with AAI. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Rheumatic diseases published by Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

关键词： atlantoaxial instability augmented reality C1–C2 surgery CT-based image-guided intraoperative CT scan navigation os odontoideum rheumatoid arthritis

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Curricular Structure for Teaching Ethical and Professional Conduct in Optics and photonics

Curricular Structure for Teaching Ethical and Professional C...

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2021 Education and Training in Optics and photonics Conference, ETOP 2021

作者： Kuebler, Stephen M. Beever, Jonathan Pinkert, Laurie CREOL College of Optics and Photonics OrlandoFL32816 United States Chemistry Department OrlandoFL32816 United States Materials Science and Engineering Center for Ethics OrlandoFL32816 United States Department of Philosophy OrlandoFL32816 United States Texts and Technology Ph.D. Program OrlandoFL32816 United States

A full course focused on ethics and professional practice has been developed to complement technical coursework and provide comprehensive training for engineers studying optics. Related frameworks for ethical encultur... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Personnel training

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Acid-catalyzed hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: effects of reaction temperature and acid concentration on the production of hydrolysis by-products

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2023年第9期13卷 7533-7546页

作者： pham, Van Toi Guan, Chung-Yu Han, Po-Chun Matsagar, Babasaheb M. Wu, Kevin C. W. Ahamad, Tansir Chang, Ching-Yuan Yu, Chang-Ping Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Faculty of Environmental Engineering National University of Civil Engineering 55 Giai Phong Hai Ba Trung Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Department of Environmental Engineering National Ilan University Yilan260 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Green Materials and Precision Devices National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Water Innovation Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

Sewage sludge (SS) is an organic biomass from wastewater treatment plants, but the use of SS to produce bio-based chemicals under acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (ACH) processes is not well investigated. In this study, ACH processes were performed at 120, 150, and 180 °C using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with concentrations of 0–0.5 M within a reaction time of 90–180 min to produce bio-based chemicals from SS. The results showed that the reaction temperature, reaction time, and concentrations of H2SO4 affected the yields of sugars, levulinic acid (LA), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The highest xylose and glucose yields were 7.69 mol% and 5.22 mol% at 120 °C with 0.5 M H2SO4 during the 180 min of reaction time, respectively. Besides, under the ACH process at 180 °C and 180 min, the yield of LA reached a maximum value of 0.48 mol% at 0.5 M H2SO4, and the highest yield of HMF was 1.66 mol% at 0.1 M H2SO4. The data obtained also indicated that the ACH process led to an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and total dissolved nitrogen. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix of dissolved organic matter and thermogravimetric analysis of the treated SS further supported the enhanced solubilization of SS after ACH process, especially under higher reaction temperature and concentrations of H2SO4. Although the lower yields of bio-based chemicals might restrict the downstream recovery of the target products, the largely improved SS solubilization by ACH suggests that acid-catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis process has potential as an alternative pretreatment method of SS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Sewage sludge

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A method to generate flood maps in 3d using dem and deep learning

A method to generate flood maps in 3D using dem and deep lea...

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American Society for photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ASPRS 2020 Annual Conference

作者： Gebrehiwot, Asmamaw Hashemi-Beni, Leila Applied Science and Technology Ph.D. Program Department of Built Environment North Carolina A&T State University United States Geomatics Program Department of Built Environment North Carolina A&T State University United States

High-resolution remote sensing imagery has been increasingly used for flood applications. different methods have been proposed for flood extent mapping from creating water index to image classification from high-resolution data. Among these methods, deep learning methods have shown promising results for flood extent extraction;however, these two-dimensional (2d) image classification methods cannot directly provide water level measurements. This paper presents an integrated approach to extract the flood extent in three-dimensional (3d) from UAV data by integrating 2d deep learning-based flood map and 3d cloud point extracted from a Structure from Motion (SFM) method. We fine-tuned a pretrained Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG-16) based fully convolutional model to create a 2d inundation map. The 2d classified map was overlaid on the SfM-based 3d point cloud to create a 3d flood map. The floodwater depth was estimated by subtracting a pre-flood digital Elevation Model (dEM) from the SfM-based dEM. The results show that the proposed method is efficient in creating a 3d flood extent map to support emergency response and recovery activates during a flood event. © 2020 International Society for photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Remote sensing

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Bismuth Sulfide doped in Graphitic Carbon Nitride degrades Nitric Oxide Under Solar Irradiation

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lin, Chitsan Hussain, Adnan Cheruiyot, Nicholas Kiprotich Huang, Wen-Yen Ahsan, Wazir Aitizaz Lee, Yen-Yi Ph.D. Program of Aquatic Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 811213 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology College of Maritime National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center Cheng Shiu University Kaohsiung City 833301 Taiwan Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Cheng Shiu University Kaohsiung 833301 Taiwan Department of Food and Beverage Management Cheng Shiu University Kaohsiung 833301 Taiwan Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research Cheng Shiu University Kaohsiung City 833301 Taiwan

This study developed and evaluated the application of bismuth sulfide doped on graphitic carbon nitride (Bi 2 S 3 @g-C 3 N 4 ) in the degradation of NO under solar irradiation. Bi 2 S 3 @g-C 3 N 4 was prepared through the grinding method. The morphological structure and chemical properties of the synthesized photocatalyst were analyzed before the degradation tests. After doping with Bi 2 S 3 , the bandgap was reduced to 2.85 eV, which increased the absorption of solar light. As a result, Bi 2 S 3 @g-C 3 N 4 achieved higher NO degradation (55%) compared to pure Bi 2 S 3 (35%) and g-C 3 N 4 (45%). The trapping test revealed that electrons were the primary species responsible for most of the NO degradation. The photocatalyst was stable under repeated solar irradiation, maintaining degradation efficiencies of 50% after five consecutive recycling tests. The present work offers strong evidence that Bi 2 S 3 @g-C 3 N 4 is stable and efficient catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of NO over solar irradiation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heterojunctions

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deep learning for remote sensing image classification for agriculture applications

Deep learning for remote sensing image classification for ag...

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American Society for photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, ASPRS 2020 Annual Conference

作者： Hashemi-Beni, Leila Gebrehiwot, Asmamaw Geomatics Program Department of Built Environment North Carolina A&T State University United States Applied Science and Technology Ph.D. Program Department of Built Environment North Carolina A&T State University United States

This research examines the ability of deep learning methods for remote sensing image classification for agriculture applications. U-net and convolutional neural networks are fine-tuned, utilized and tested for crop/weed classification. The dataset for this study includes 60 top-down images of an organic carrots field, which was collected by an autonomous vehicle and labeled by experts. FCN-8s model achieved 75.1% accuracy on detecting weeds compared to 66.72% of U-net using 60 training images. However, the U-net model performed better on detecting crops which is 60.48% compared to 47.86% of FCN-8s. © 2020 International Society for photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crops

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Quantitative explanation of the Schottky barrier height

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physical Review B 2021年第3期103卷 035304-035304页

作者： Raymond T. Tung Leeor Kronik Department of Physics Brooklyn College CUNY Brooklyn New York 11210 USA and Physics Ph.D. Program Graduate Center CUNY New York New York 10016 USA Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth 76100 Israel

Eight decades ago, Schottky proposed that the energy barrier at the metal-semiconductor interface, which now bears his name, should be compared with the difference of two surface quantities, the work function (WF) of the metal and the ionization potential of the semiconductor. This tradition of plotting and modeling the Schottky barrier height (SBH) against the metal WF has been followed ever since. However, success in general quantitative understanding of the SBH from physical principles has been limited, and empirical models are still relied upon. Here, we show that the stumbling block that has prevented a broadly applicable physical explanation of the SBH is the presence of surface dipole terms, inherently included in the traditional, Schottky-Mott styled analyses. By removing these surface contributions with the help of the recently developed neutral polyhedra theory, we show that the SBHs calculated for a very large number of epitaxial interfaces between metals and zinc-blende semiconductors are quantitatively explained from general chemical principles. Amazingly, SBHs calculated for 17 different semiconductors fit onto the same universal plot. Previously, SBHs needed to be grouped according to the semiconductor before analyses could be conducted separately for, and with empirical parameters specific to, each semiconductor. This work shows that the mechanism for SBH formation at metal-semiconductor interface is none other than the same chemistry responsible for charge distribution in molecules. There is no need for empirical modeling once the traditional beginning-point of SBH analysis is abandoned and the proposed new one is used.

关键词： Surface & interfacial phenomena Semiconductors density functional theory

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Short-Chain dense Brush Pegylation on Rigid Nanocarriers Overcomes Anti-Peg Antibody Recognition for Immune-Stealth drug delivery

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Chen, Ting-Yu Chang, Chi-Yuan Wen, Ting-Chun Xu, Li Lin, Yu-Han Peng, Cheng-Liang Yeh, Yi-Qi Chen, Chueh-Hsuan Chuang, Kuo-Hsiang Wu, Si-Han Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Isotope Application National Atomic Research Institute Taoyuan Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu30076 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Science Academia Sinica Taiwan PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan

The immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) remains a critical challenge in nanomedicine, as pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies can compromise therapeutic efficacy through accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and life-threatening hypersensitivity. Here, we address this challenge by engineering the PEG architecture, creating short-chain dense brush PEGylation (PEG500) on rigid mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Unlike conventional PEG2000-liposomes, MSN-PEG500 evades antibodies via three synergistic mechanisms: (1) short-chain PEG500 reduces epitope accessibility, (2) high grafting density (4.43 chains/nm2, according to TGA) forms an dense steric shield, and (3) the rigid silica surface prevents PEG burial. ELISA studies demonstrated that, at equivalent nanoparticle concentrations, MSN-PEG500 exhibits a 26-fold reduction in anti-PEG IgG (6.3) binding and a 1000-fold reduction in anti-PEG IgM (AGP3) binding compared to Lipodox (PEG2000), both of which target the PEG backbone. Furthermore, radiolabeled MSN-PEG500 achieved prolonged circulation and 25% tumor accumulation (Id/g) at 24 hours. In strongly immunized mice, doxorubicin-loaded MSN-PEG500 preserved therapeutic efficacy and 100% survival, whereas Lipodox induced fatal hypersensitivity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that complement activation drives PEG2000 immunotoxicity, and pretreatment with the C3 inhibitor compstatin effectively mitigated temperature drops from 10°C to 2°C in immunized hosts. By demonstrating that nanoscale control of polymer conformation dictates immunological fate, this work provides a clinically translatable blueprint for developing immune-evasive nanomedicines. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silica nanoparticles

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Fermi level pinning for zinc-blende semiconductors explained with interface bonds

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physical Review B 2021年第8期103卷 085301-085301页

Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) measured at polycrystalline metal-semiconductor (MS) interfaces have displayed an insensitivity to the work function (WF) of the metal, known as the “Fermi level pinning” (FLP) phenomenon. The obstacle presented by FLP in thwarting technological efforts to tune the SBH has been difficult to overcome because of a lack of understanding of the origin of the FLP effect. Presently, SBH explanation still largely relies on empirical models, and FLP remains a mystery. Here, the phenomenon of FLP for zinc-blende/diamond (ZBd) semiconductors is explicitly demonstrated to originate from interface metal-cation bonds, which are metallic in nature. Based on the analysis of two representative and electrically distinct types of interface, it is shown that screening by metallic bonds weakens the dependence of SBH on the metal and results in a SBH close to that found between the semiconductor and its own cation in elemental metal form. The latter SBH is shown to agree well with experimentally measured SBH from polycrystalline interface, i.e., the apparent pinning levels. A fundamental, self-consistent explanation of the FLP phenomenon thus emerges, and with it, strategies to avoid FLP for technological applications may also be suggested.

关键词： Surface & interfacial phenomena Interfaces Polycrystalline materials Schottky barriers Semiconductor compounds Zinc-blende structure

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