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Clinical implications of hepatitis B virus core antigen-mediated immunopathologic T cell responses in chronic hepatitis B

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Journal of Medical Virology 2024年第3期96卷 e29515页

作者： Wang, Li-Tzu Chen, Yu-Hong Cheng, Yang Fan, Hsiu-Lung Chen, Teng-Wei Shih, Yu-Lueng Hsieh, Tsai-Yuan Huang, Wen-Yen Huang, Wei-Chen School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Division of Infectious Disease & Immunology Institute of Biomedical Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Surgery Division of Organ Transplantation Surgery Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection significantly impacts Asian populations. The influences of continuous HBV antigen and inflammatory stimulation to T cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain unclear. In this study, we first conducted bioinformatics analysis to assess T-cell signaling pathways in CHB patients. In a Taiwanese cohort, we examined the phenotypic features of HBV_core-specific T cells and their correlation with clinical parameters. We used core protein overlapping peptides from the Taiwan prevalent genotype B HBV to investigate the antiviral response and the functional implication of HBV-specific T cells. In line with Taiwanese dominant HLA-alleles, we also evaluated ex vivo HBV_core-specific T cells by pMHC-tetramers targeting epitopes within HBV core protein. Compared to healthy subjects, we disclosed Cd8 T cells from CHB patients had higher activation marker Cd38 levels but showed an upregulation in the inhibitory receptor Pd-1. Our parallel study showed HBV-specific Cd8 T cells were more activated with greater Pd-1 expression than CMV-specific subset and bulk Cd8 T cells. Moreover, our longitudinal study demonstrated a correlation between the Pd-1 fluctuation pattern of HBV_core-specific Cd8 T cells and liver inflammation in CHB patients. Our research reveals the HBV core antigen-mediated immunopathologic profile of Cd8 T cells in chronic HBV infection. Our findings suggest the Pd-1 levels of HBV_core-specific Cd8 T cells can be used as a valuable indicator of personal immune response for clinical application in hepatitis management. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： HBcAg HBV hepatitis Pd-1 T cells

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Novel visible-light-induced P-doped g-C3N4/α-Bi2O3 nanocomposite photocatalysts for enhanced degradation of refractory endocrine disruptors—benzophenones

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Applied Surface science 2023年 607卷

作者： Berekute, Abiyu Kerebo Yu, Kuo-Pin Chuang, Yi-Hsueh Lin, Kun-Yi International Ph.D. Program in Environmental Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei11221 Taiwan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei11221 Taiwan Institute of Environmental Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30010 Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology National Chung Hsing University 250 Kuo-Kuang Road Taichung Taiwan

The Z-scheme heterojunction design can not only minimize photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination but also ensure strong redox abilities for driving photocatalytic reactions. Hence, novel P-g-C3N4/α-Bi2O3 binary nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by a combined hydrothermal-calcination method. The as-synthesized samples were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, N2 isotherm measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), thermogravimetric analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared samples was assessed via decontamination of refractory and endocrine-disrupting benzophenones (BPs) under visible light irradiation. The 25 wt% P-g-C3N4/α-Bi2O3 nanocomposite exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4H-BP) and benzophenone-1 degradation than P-g-C3N4 and α-Bi2O3. The apparent enhancement of the photocatalytic activity might be mainly attributed to the enhanced light-harvesting ability and the heterojunction formation, which significantly facilitates photogenerated charge carrier separation and transfer, as confirmed by the PL and EIS findings. Notably, 25 wt% P-g-C3N4/α-Bi2O3 exhibited robust reusability and stability with high efficiency in 4H-BP removal after four repeated photocatalytic cycles. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Heterojunctions

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CompressedMediQ: Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Pipeline for High-dimensional Neuroimaging data

CompressedMediQ: Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Pipeline fo...

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Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Kuan-Cheng Chen Yi-Tien Li Tai-Yu Li Chen-Yu Liu Po-Heng Henry Lee Cheng-Yu Chen Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK Centre for Quantum Engineering Science and Technology (QuEST) Imperial College London London UK Translational Imaging Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Neuroscience Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Center for High-Performance Computing NARlabs Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331519315

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519322

This paper introduces CompressedMediQ, a novel hybrid quantum-classical machine learning pipeline specifically developed to address the computational challenges associated with high-dimensional multi-class neuroimaging data analysis. Standard neuroimaging datasets, such as large-scale MRI data from the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative and Neuroimaging in Frontotemporal dementia, present significant hurdles due to their vast size and complexity. CompressedMediQ integrates classical HPC nodes for advanced MRI pre-processing and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-PCA-based feature extraction and reduction, addressing the limited-qubit availability for quantum data encoding in the NISQ era. This is followed by Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) classification. By utilizing quantum kernel methods, the pipeline optimizes feature mapping and classification, enhancing data separability and outperforming traditional neuroimaging analysis techniques. Experimental results highlight the pipeline’s superior accuracy in dementia staging, validating the practical use of quantum machine learning in clinical diagnostics. despite the limitations of NISQ devices, this proof-of-concept demonstrates the transformative potential of quantum-enhanced learning, paving the way for scalable and precise diagnostic tools in healthcare and signal processing.

关键词： Neuroimaging Support vector machines Quantum computing Accuracy Magnetic resonance imaging Pipelines Machine learning Medical services Signal processing Standards

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Anti-inflammatory constituents from a sea anemone-derived fungus Arthrinium arundinis MA30

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phytochemistry 2024年 219卷 113998页

作者： Lee, Yuen-Sing Wu, Ho-Cheng Huang, Shu-Jung Hsiao, George Chi, Wei-Chiung Lee, Tzong-Huei Institute of Fisheries Science College of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Quemoy University Kinmen 892 Taiwan

In this study, preliminary field-sampling of bioactive fungal strains and bioassay-guided selection were conducted. A number of fungal strains were isolated from sea anemones along the northeastern coast of Badouzi, Keelung, Taiwan. Among them, Arthrinium arundinis MA30 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and was thus selected for further chemical investigation. After a series of purification and isolation using different chromatographic techniques on the fermented products of A. arundinis MA30, thirty-one compounds were identified, five of which were previously unreported, including arthrinoic acid, hexylaconitic anhydride methyl ester, (3S,8R)-8-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2-methylenenonanoic acid, and arthripenoids G and H. These compounds were subjected to comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. Of all the isolates, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-8-methylxanthone and arthripenoid C demonstrated the most distinctive inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production in mouse microglial BV-2 cells, with their respective inhibitory rates being 71% and 81% at 10 μM concentration, and their respective IC₅₀ values were further determined to be 5.3 ± 0.6 and 1.6 ± 0.4 μM. These compounds showed no significant cytotoxicity, and curcumin was used as a positive control in this study. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Anti-inflammation Apiosporaceae Arthrinium arundinis Arthrinoic acid Arthripenoid

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Embedding diselenide Cross-Linked Polymer Nanoparticles In-Situ Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (Romp) of Norbornene derived Block Copolymers for Ros-Responsive doxorubicin (dox) drug delivery

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Rao, Neralla Vijayakameswara Mathew, Jacob Le, Trong-Nghia Lee, Cheng-Kang Huang, Ru Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Norborene-derived block polymers with selenol-containing components and norbornene-polyethylene (PNEG) components are proposed for the development of diselenide-crosslinked polymer nanoparticles (dC PNPs), in situ, which are responsive to the abnormal ROS levels in the tumoral region, as anticancer drug carriers. These nanoparticles can be designed to release anticancer drugs selectively in the tumor microenvironment, minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The diselenide bonds in the polymer degrade in response to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are characteristic of cancerous tissues, thereby releasing the drug at the target site. In micelles, doxorubicin (dOX) is effectively encapsulated in the hydrophobic core and the shell is strengthened by diselenide crosslinks (dOX- dC PNPs). A dLS particle stability study demonstrated that structural integrity was maintained for three days under physiological conditions. However, the hydrophobic diselenide bond successfully fragmented into hydrophilic selenic acid derivatives under ROS conditions, leading to the release of the payload from the drug-containing matrix. Validation of the drug release showed that 52% of the payload was released at a H2O2 concentration of 10 µM, ensuring the reactive matrix reaction;s optimal accuracy. A toxicity study on a normal cell line (L929) confirmed the polymer's biocompatibility, while the encapsulated model exhibited significant toxicity to a cancer cell line (Hela). In contrast to free dOX, dOX-loaded polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) displayed a lower toxicity threshold, attributed to their capacity for gradual drug release over time. Furthermore, a comparison of cellular uptake reveals that while free dOX provides immediate drug availability, dOX loaded PNPs offer a more controlled and sustained release mechanism. In cancer therapy, this characteristic enhances therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects associated with high concentrati

关键词： Tissue culture

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Managing the transition in cervical screening methods for Taiwan: Policy recommendations and perspectives

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Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 2023年第11期122卷 1213-1218页

作者： Chen, Chien-Chin Lai, Chyong-Huey Chang, Chih-Long Cheng, Wen-Fang Pwu, Raoh-Fang Tsai, Jane Wang, Peng-Hui Whang-Peng, Jacqueline Lai, Gi-Ming Department of Pathology Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Chiayi 600 Taiwan Department of Cosmetic Science Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan 717 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and Biotechnology National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch Taoyuan 333 Taiwan Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333 Taiwan Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City 252 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MacKay Memorial Hospital Taipei 104 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei 100 Taiwan School of Health Care Administration Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Data Science Center Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242 Taiwan Formosa Cancer Foundation Taipei 105 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 112 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 112 Taiwan

Since government-provided annual cervical cytology testing for all Taiwanese women aged 30 years or older became available in 1995, both cervical cancer incidence and death have decreased significantly. However, with the 2018 introduction of the national immunization program for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in all schoolgirls aged 13–15 years old, the positive predictive value of cytology testing is expected to decrease with rising vaccination rates, and therefore a transition to more sensitive HPV-based testing may be needed. This position paper, derived from discussions by a panel of experts in cervical cancer screening, provides short-, medium-, and long-term policy recommendations to manage the transition between cervical screening methods for Taiwan. The recommendations include concrete suggestions regarding testing procedures, standards, accreditation, monitoring, promotion, and implementation. It is hoped that comprehensive preparation and management of this transition will enable Taiwan to repeat the previous successes of the cervical cytology testing program. © 2023 Formosan Medical Association

关键词： Cervical cancer Cervical cytology HPV-based testing Human papillomavirus Pap smear

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Fabrication of tantalum silicate films with low TCR and low resistivity by magnetron sputtering

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Vacuum 2024年 226卷

作者： Chen, Cheng-Lung Huang, Cheng Chen, Sheng-Chi Liu, Yen-Chen Chuang, Min-Chen Wen, Chao-Kuang Huang, Wei-Sheng Yang, Wen-Sheng Chen, Yang-Yuan Graduate School of Materials Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering and Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies Ming Chi University of Technology 243 New Taipei City Taiwan College of Engineering and Center for Green Technology Chang Gung University 333 Taoyuan Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Plasma and Thin Film Technology Ming Chi University of Technology 243 New Taipei City Taiwan TPH Research & Develop Dept. Chien Hwa Coating Technology Inc. Hsinchu300 Taiwan National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd. General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088 China Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 115 Taipei Taiwan

Tantalum silicate (Ta–Si–O) thin film materials have gained significant interest in hybrid renewable energy systems and thin-film resistors due to their exceptional thermal stability and adjustable electrical properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of target compositions and sputtering power densities on the material structures, chemical compositions, microstructures, and electrical properties of Ta–Si–O films. Two target compositions, Ta65(SiO2)35 and Ta80(SiO2)20, were utilized in the deposition process. Notably, we observed substantial variations in the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value and resistivity of Ta–Si–O thin films with different Ta concentrations. Most importantly, when the Ta content of the film is controlled at 62 ± 0.6 % by using this target, the resistivity of the Ta0.62Si0.20O0.18 film can be as small as 2.31 ± 0.05 × 10−4 Ω-cm and has an extremely small TCR of 22 ± 0.4 ppm/°C, which shows an excellent opportunity for the development of precision thin film resistors. A TCR value close to zero can be finely tuned by controlling the Ta concentration in the Ta–Si–O film. These intriguing electrical behaviors were found to be highly correlated with the predominant formation of metallic Ta5Si3 as the main structural phase in the films. This work presents a simple and effective approach to produce Ta–Si–O thin films with near-zero TCR, making them highly suitable for applications under high-temperature conditions. Our findings contribute to the development of tailored thin film materials with desirable electrical properties for advanced electronic and energy devices. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Thin films

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The Strength of Nesterov’s Extrapolation in the Individual Convergence of Nonsmooth Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tao, Wei Pan, Zhisong Wu, Gaowei Tao, Qing Ph.D. degree with the Army Engineering University of PLA Nanjing China Diploma degree in computer science and technology PLA Information Engineering University Ph.D. degree in computer science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhengzhou China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Southwest University University of Science and Technology of China Chongqing China

The extrapolation strategy raised by Nesterov, which can accelerate the convergence rate of gradient descent methods by orders of magnitude when dealing with smooth convex objective, has led to tremendous success in training machine learning tasks. In this article, the convergence of individual iterates of projected subgradient (PSG) methods for nonsmooth convex optimization problems is theoretically studied based on Nesterov’s extrapolation, which we name individual convergence. We prove that Nesterov’s extrapolation has the strength to make the individual convergence of PSG optimal for nonsmooth problems. In light of this consideration, a direct modification of the subgradient evaluation suffices to achieve optimal individual convergence for strongly convex problems, which can be regarded as making an interesting step toward the open question about stochastic gradient descent (SGd) posed by Shamir. Furthermore, we give an extension of the derived algorithms to solve regularized learning tasks with nonsmooth losses in stochastic settings. Compared with other state-of-the-art nonsmooth methods, the derived algorithms can serve as an alternative to the basic SGd especially in coping with machine learning problems, where an individual output is needed to guarantee the regularization structure while keeping an optimal rate of convergence. Typically, our method is applicable as an efficient tool for solving large-scale l1-regularized hinge-loss learning problems. Several comparison experiments demonstrate that our individual output not only achieves an optimal convergence rate but also guarantees better sparsity than the averaged solution. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extrapolation

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Application of vetiver grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides L.) for organic matter removal from contaminated surface water

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Bioresource Technology Reports 2023年 22卷

作者： Nguyen, Minh Ky Hung, Nguyen Tri Quang Nguyen, Cong Manh Lin, Chitsan Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Hoang-Lam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung81157 Taiwan Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Research Institute for Biotechnology and Environment Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc Dist. Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada

This study presents the vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) as a green solution for organic matter removal in contaminated surface water – a case study in Vietnam. The experiments were conducted with hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) of 500 mL/m2/min (T1), 1000 mL/m2/min (T2), and 1500 mL/m2/min (T3) using Vetiver grass (V) and Control (C). The findings indicated that Vetiver grass (Vetiveria Zizanioides L.) based-VFCWs model achieves a removal efficiency of 90 % for biochemical oxygen demand (BOd5) and >80 % for chemical oxygen demand (COd). This could explain the significant contribution of aquatic plants to the VFCWs based on vertical flow characteristics. Analysis of variance showed that HLRs significantly influence the treatment efficiency of BOd5 and COd (P © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Irrigation

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Oral anticoagulants and cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

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Thrombosis Research 2024年 238卷 132-140页

作者： Lee, Kun-Han Yeh, Jiunn-Tyng Wu, Meng-Lun Yeh, Wan-Yu Lip, Gregory Y.H. Chiang, Chern-En Chen, Chen-Huan Cheng, Hao-Min Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Center for Evidence-based Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Medical Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital Liverpool United Kingdom Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan General Clinical Research Center Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan College of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan ReShining Clinic Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Interdisciplinary Medicine (PIM) National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan Division of Faculty Development Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan

Background: This systematic review assesses the likelihood of developing dementia and cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) as opposed to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Methods: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA), which encompassed both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. The objective was to assess the impact of NOACs and VKAs on the incidence of dementia in individuals diagnosed with AF. Results: Out of 1914 studies that were screened, 31 studies were included in the final analysis, which consisted of nine RCTs or their subsequent post-hoc analyses, in addition to 22 observational studies. The meta-analysis shows that NOACs were associated with a decreased probability of developing dementia of any cause [Rate Ratio (RR): 0.88;95 % confidence interval (95 % CI): 0.82–0.94], especially in patients below the age of 75 (RR: 0.78;95 % CI: 0.73–0.84). Consistent patterns were observed across all forms of dementia and cognitive function decline. The overall evidence indicates notable variability in the outcome with a moderate-to-low degree of certainty. The TSA suggests that the total sample size of the included trials (155,647 patients) was significantly smaller than the required information size of 784,692 patients to discern the true effect of NOAC versus VKA in terms of reducing dementia risk. Conclusion: NOACs may reduce the likelihood of developing dementia in patients with AF, particularly in those under the age of 75. This review highlights the urgent necessity for thorough research to determine the efficacy of NOACs in safeguarding cognitive health. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Anticoagulants Atrial fibrillation Cognitive impairment dementia Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants

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