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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUdY OF THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY REPEAT OFFENdER PREVENTION program: ITS IMPLEMENTATION ANd EVALUATION*

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Criminology & Public Policy 2005年第2期4卷

作者： SHELdON X. ZHANG LENING ZHANG Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at the San Diego State University. His research interests include juvenile corrections evaluation research and Chinese organized crime. His most recent articles have appeared in Criminology British Journal of Criminology and Research in Crime and Delinquency. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Southern California. Associate Professor in the Department of Behavioral Science at Saint Francis University (PA). His research interests include crime/criminal justice substance abuse and program evaluation. His most recent articles have appeared in the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency An International Journal of Police Strategy & Management Journal of Criminal Justice Substance Use & Misuse and Criminal Justice and Behavior. He received his Ph.D. from SUNY Albany.

Research Summary: The Los Angeles County Repeat Offender Prevention program (ROPP) was designed to improve school performance and prevent reoffending among the enrolled juvenile offenders through a milieu of social services. It was a 3-year pilot project established as part of a statewide juvenile correctional program funded by the California State Legislature, which commenced in 1999 and ended in 2001. A true experimental design was employed, and a total of 327 first-time juvenile probationers were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. At the end of the project, 204 subjects (106 in the treatment group and 98 in the control group) had a successful program termination. The data show that subjects in the treatment group were more likely to have better school performance than those in the control group. In the first 6-month period after program enrollment, they were also less likely to have new criminal offenses than their counterparts in the control group; however, no significant effect was found in any additional 6-month periods. Both groups were not significantly different in their probation technical violations. Policy Implications: The study results suggest that intensive supervision and coordinated team efforts in providing probation services can markedly improve juvenile offenders' school-related performances and prevent new criminal offenses at the starting period. However, such an intervention model is unlikely to produce consistent and cost-effective justice system effects in the long run. Juveniles who fit the high-risk profiles do not necessarily become chronic offenders; future correctional interventions need to focus not only on individual level factors but also on the social context that gave rise to their problem behaviors in the first place.

关键词： Intensive Supervision Experimental Criminology Juvenile Corrections

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Hamilton's rule applied to reciprocal altruism

Hamilton's rule applied to reciprocal altruism

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： J.A. Fletcher M. Zwick Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA

Reciprocal altruism and inclusive fitness are generally considered alternative mechanisms by which cooperative, altruistic traits may evolve. Here we demonstrate that very general versions of Hamilton's inclusive fitness rule (developed by Queller) can be applied to traditional reciprocal altruism models such as the iterated prisoner's dilemma. In this way we show that both mechanisms rely fundamentally on the same principle - the positive assortment of helping behaviors. We discuss barriers to this unified view, including phenotype/genotype differences and nonadditive fitness (or utility) functions that are typical of reciprocal altruism models. We then demonstrate how Queller's versions of Hamilton's rule remove these obstacles.

关键词： Equations Genetics Frequency Productivity Yarn Predictive models Costs

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The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism

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Journal of computer-Mediated Communication 2006年第3期8卷

作者： Barry Wellman Anabel Quan-Haase Jeffrey Boase Wenhong Chen Keith Hampton Isabel díaz Kakuko Miyata In 1965 moved from his Bronx High School of Science slide rule to IBM cards and an 029 keypunch in the bowels of Harvard University. Since then he's been primarily interested in the interplay between large-scale social processes and how people use technology to be connected at work and in the community. His NetLab research network is trying to get a handle on how the Internet fits into everyday life. Wellman founded the International Network for Social Network Analysis in 1976. He is a recent Chair of the Community section of the American Sociological Association has been nominated for the Chair of the Communication and Information Technology section of the ASA the Virtual Community focus area leader for SIGGROUP/ACM and a Executive Cmmittee member of the Association for Internet Researchers. Wellman's (co)edited books are: Social Structures: A Network Approach (2d ed CSPI 2003) Networks in the Global Village (Westview Press 1999) and The Internet in Everyday Life (Blackwell Publishers 2002). Address:Centre for Urban & Community Studies University of Toronto 455 Spadina Avenue Toronto Canada M5S 2G8. Fax: +1-416-978-7162 Address:Centre for Urban & Community Studies University of Toronto 455 Spadina Avenue Toronto M5S 2G8 Canada. Address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave. Room 9-522 Cambridge MA 02139. Address:IN3 Av. Tibidabo 47 08035 Barcelona Spain. Phone: +*** Fax: +***. Address:Department of Sociology Meiji Gakuin University 1-2-37 Shirokanedai Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8636 JAPAN. Phone: +81-3-5421-5565 Fax: +81-3-5421-5697. Doctoral student at the Faculty of Information Studies University of Toronto. She has been a Fellow of the Knowledge Media Design Institute and the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology. Her articles address the nature of Internet-related social change for social integration and information flow. Her articles have examined the implications of these changes for communities and her thesis focuses on organizations. University of Toronto doctoral

We review the evidence from a number of surveys in which our NetLab has been involved about the extent to which the Internet is transforming or enhancing community. The studies show that the Internet is used for connectivity locally as well as globally, although the nature of its use varies in different countries. Internet use is adding on to other forms of communication, rather than replacing them. Internet use is reinforcing the pre-existing turn to societies in the developed world that are organized around networked individualism rather than group or local solidarities. The result has important implications for civic involvement.

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A comparison of system dynamics and agent-based simulation applied to the study of cellular receptor dynamics

A comparison of system dynamics and agent-based simulation a...

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The Hawaii International Conference on System sciences, HICSS 2004

作者： Wakeland, Wayne W. Macovsky, Louis M. Gallaher, Edward J. Aktipis, C. Athena Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University United States Dynamic BioSystems LLC Behav. Neurosci. Pharmacol./P. Oregon Health and Science University United States Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania United States

Cellular receptor dynamics are often analyzed using differential equations, making system dynamics (Sd) a candidate methodology. In some cases it may be useful to model the phenomena at the biomolecular level, especially when concentrations and reaction probabilities are low and might lead to unexpected behavior modes. In such cases, agent-based simulation (ABS) may be useful. We show the application of both Sd and ABS to simulate non-equilibrium ligand-receptor dynamics over a broad range of concentrations, where the probability of interaction varies from low to very low. Both approaches offer much to the researcher and are complementary. We did not find a clear demarcation indicating when one paradigm or the other would be strongly preferred, although Sd is an obvious choice when studying systems at a high level of aggregation and abstraction, and ABS is well suited to studying phenomena at the level of individual receptors and molecules.

关键词： Systems analysis

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Adaptive critic learning with fuzzy utility

Adaptive critic learning with fuzzy utility

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Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： S.A. Matzner T.T. Shannon NW Computational Intelligence Laboratory Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA

Adaptive critic methods, which approximate dynamic programming, have been used successfully for solving optimal control problems. The adaptive critic learning algorithm optimizes a secondary utility function that is the sum of the present and all future primary utility. The primary utility function measures the instantaneous cost incurred for the last action taken and the resulting state. The motivation for using a fuzzy primary utility function comes from the set of control problems for which there is only a qualitative definition of performance - for example, success or failure. Previous work in applying adaptive critic methods to this type of problem showed that a crisp definition of success resulted in solutions that met the control objective, but in an undesirable manner. An appropriate fuzzy utility function, on the other hand, is able to generate the optimal solution. Another motivation for incorporating fuzzy techniques into the utility function is to overcome measurement noise. Measurement noise has a significant adverse effect on the reliability and speed of adaptive critic learning; by incorporating fuzzy sets into the utility function, the effect of the noise can be mitigated.

关键词： dynamic programming Optimal control programmable control Adaptive control Cost function Control systems Computational intelligence Fuzzy sets Noise measurement Neural networks

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Using design of Experiments, sensitivity analysis, and hybrid simulation to evaluate changes to a software development process: A case study

Using Design of Experiments, sensitivity analysis, and hybri...

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作者： Wakeland, Wayne W. Martin, Robert H. Raffo, david Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland OR 97207 United States Software Management Consulting 2017 Maple Terrace West Linn OR 97068 United States School of Business Administration Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland OR United States Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland OR 97207 United States

Hybrid simulation models combine the high-level project issues of System dynamics models with the process detail of discrete event simulation models. Hybrid models not only capture the best of both of these simulation paradigms, but they also are able to address new issues that are important in managing complex real-world development projects that neither the System dynamics nor discrete Event simulation paradigms are able to address alone. In order to reap the full benefits from a simulation model, a structured approach for analyzing model results is necessary. This article applies design of Experiments (dOE) and broad range sensitivity analysis (BRSA) to a hybrid system dynamics and discrete event simulation model of a software development process. dOE is used to analyse the interaction effects, such as the degree to which the impact of the process change depends on worker motivation, schedule pressure and other project environmental variables. The sensitivity of the model to parameter changes over a broad range of plausible values is used to analyse the non-linear aspects of the model. The end result is a deeper insight into the conditions under which the process change will succeed, and improved recommendations for process change design and implementation. In this particular study, significant interactions and non-linearities were revealed, supporting the hypothesis that consideration of these complex effects is essential for insightful interpretation of model results and effective decision-making. Copyright © 2004 John Witey & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Software engineering

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Preface

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discrete Applied Mathematics 2004年第1-3期139卷 1-3页

作者： Sébastien Fourey Gabor T Herman T.Yung Kong Azriel Rosenfeld GREYC Image ISMRA 6 bd Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen Cedex France Ph.D. Program in of Computer Science Graduate School and University Center CUNY 365 5th Ave. New York NY 10016 USA Computer Science Department Queens College CUNY 65-30 Kissena Blvd. Flushing NY 11367 USA Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

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Artificial Neural Network Implementation Using Many-Valued Quantum Computing

Artificial Neural Network Implementation Using Many-Valued Q...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2003

作者： Al-Rabadi, Anas N. Lendaris, George G. Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR United States

Neural network (NN) implementation using the general scheme of many-valued (MV) quantum computing (QC) is presented in this paper. The proposed method uses the many-valued orthonormal computational basis states to implement such computations. physical implementation of NNQC is performed by controlling the potential to yield specific wavefunction as a result of solving Shrodinger's equation that governs the dynamics of QC.

关键词： Neural networks

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Using design of experiments, sensitivity analysis, and hybrid simulation to evaluate changes to a software development process: a case study

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Software Process: Improvement and Practice 2004年第2期9卷

作者： Wayne W. Wakeland Robert H. Martin david Raffo Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland OR 97207 USA Software Management Consulting 2017 Maple Terrace West Linn OR 97068 USA School of Business Administration Portland State University P.O. Box 751 Portland Oregon USA

关键词： software process model hybrid simulation design of experiments sensitivity analysis

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Accelerating Critic Learning in Approximate dynamic programming Via Value Templates and Perceptual Learning

Accelerating Critic Learning in Approximate Dynamic Programm...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2003

作者： Shannon, Thaddeus T. Santiago, Roberto A. Lendaris, George G. NW Compl. Intelligence Laboratory Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR United States

The concept of value templates and perceptual learning are introduced as refinements to the reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm. We demonstrate a method for accelerating dual Heuristic programming (dHP) critic training using value templates and perceptual learning. Both faster and more stable learning are achieved by using the value template and utilizing its inherent constraints to regularize the perceptual learning task. The method is demonstrated by tuning a neurofuzzy control system for a highly nonlinear 2nd order plant proposed by Sanner and Slotine. We take advantage of the TSK model framework throughout to keep the controller, critic, and model components used in dHP highly interpretable.

关键词： Learning systems

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