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Application of high temperature superconducting wire to magnetostrictive transducers for underwater sonar

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第1期109卷 31-39页

作者： Joshi, CH Lindberg, JF Clark, AE Dr. Chad H. Joshi:is president of Energen Incorporated an engineering and development firm specializing in cryogenic and electromechanical systems. The research presented here was conducted while he was employed at American Superconductor Coporation where he held both technical and program management positions. While there Dr. Joshi managed the development of several demonstration products including the sonar transducer presented here. He holds M.S. and Sc.D. degreesfrom the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.S. degree from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He has worked in several diverse fields including solar energy fluidized bed technology and superconductivity. His work on stochastic analysis of solar insolation was recognized by the ASME and his doctoral research was accorded international recognition for its unique contribution to understanding quenching in superconducting magnets. Dr. Joshi has numerous patents and more than thirty-five technical publications to his credit. He is a registered Professional Engineer in Massachusetts and an active member of ASME and IEEE. He is a co-founder and treasurer of the New England Chapter of the Cryogenics Society of America. He will be listed in Whos Who in the East in 1997. Jan Lindberg:is a physicist in the Transducers and Arrays Division of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in New London Connecticut. He leads NUWC'S exploratory development efforts for transduction science and currently is spearheading an effort to introduce high-energy density active materials into tactical sonar systems. With the discovery of high temperature superconductivity he saw the potential benefit of integrating several emerging technologies and enticed American Superconductor Corp. to develop a high temperature superconducting transducer which resulted in the March 1993 demonstration of the world's first integrated high temperature superconducting device. Mr. Lindberg's current interests involve design of high power ultrasonic copolymer arrays characterization of

A low-frequency underwater acoustic transducer integrating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils and terbium-dysprosium (Tbdy) magnetostrictive material was designed, fabricated and tested. This represents a novel application for high-temperature superconductivity and is a first example of an integrated system involving HTS coils cooled by a mechanical cryocooler. It also brings HTS technology together with a novel magnetic materials technology. The I-ITS coils were fabricated using react-and-wind BiSrCaCuO-2223 HTS wires. They produce a peak field of 0.1 Tesla at 50 K. A single-stage, Stirling-cycle cryocooler was used to cool the coils and the Tbdy driver to cryogenic temperatures (50-65K). The coils provide an AC magnetic field superimposed on a dC bias field, which produces oscillatory strain within the magnetostrictive rod;this motion is transmitted through a cryostat to two head masses which project sound into the surrounding environment. High power acoustic output can be obtained by operating the transducer at its resonance frequencies of 520 Hz in air and 430 Hz underwater. This development demonstrates that, unlike low temperature superconductors, HTS wires can be considered for AC applications due to the low losses in these superconductors and the higher heat capacities of materials at temperatures above liquid helium.

关键词： Underwater equipment

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Remote access to neurosurgical ICU physiological data using the world wide web

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Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 1996年 29卷 242-249页

作者： Nenov, Valeriy Klopp, John Division of Neurosurgery University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine Los Angeles CA 90024 United States Computer Science Department United States Interdepartmental Neuroscience Ph.D. Program University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90024 United States

There is a significant demand by physicians and clinical researchers for remote access to continuously acquired physiological patient data. Until recently such access was technically unfeasible. However, with the recent development of Internet-based World Wide Web (WWW) client/server applications and underlying communication protocols, there is now a real possibility for the development of costeffective, platform independent solutions to this problem. We have devised a way using existing WWW tools and minimal startup costs to provide access to current as well as previously acquired physiological patient data. physicians and clinical researchers can obtain access to these data through personal computers located in the office, at home or even through portable computers while traveling to conferences or while on vacation. © The authors 1996.

关键词： Hospital data processing

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The rational behavior software architecture for intelligent ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第2期108卷 43-55页

作者： Byrnes, RB Healey, AJ McGhee, RB Nelson, ML Kwak, SH Brutzman, dP Dr. Michael L. Nelson is currently on the faculty of the Computer Science Department of the Pan American University Edinburg Texas. He retired from the Air Force in 1995 where his last position was as chief of the Project/Configuration Management Branch Information Systems Support Activity headquarters U.S. Commander in Chief Pacific. He received his M.S. degree in Computer Science in 1984 from the Florida Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. in Computer Science in 1988 from the University of Central Florida. Dr. Nelson was previously on the faculty of the Computer Science Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. His primary research interest is object-oriented design techniques applied to real-time and robotic systems.

The solutions to the power projection, transportation, and operational needs of the Navy as it faces the 21st century must account for reduced manning levels. This leads naturally to increased use of computers, automation, and intelligent systems in the concept and design of the next generation of ships. In addition to the acknowledged hardware needs, the problem of autonomic and autonomous control of shipboard systems and missions are amenable to and will, in fact, require software solutions. despite current technology, large, reliable software systems are difficult to achieve because correctness in requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, modification, and maintenance of software are difficult. Software is also difficult to quantize and display;hence, the effort and costs involved in its development are easily underestimated. This paper describes an approach to the problem of providing structure, in the form of a software architecture, to the software performing autonomous control of missions and their related tasks. In concert with the need to reduce complexity, the architecture must support simple, rapid reconfiguration of code should vehicle capabilities or mission requirements change. Building upon recent efforts with control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), we propose a tri-level control system architecture called the Rational Behavior Model (RBM) as an approach to autonomous and autonomic control of surface ship missions and systems.

关键词： Electronic ship equipment

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Proof Method for correctness of refinements of algebraic specification in abstract sequential machine style

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SYSTEMS ANd computerS IN JAPAN 1996年第5期27卷 25-38页

作者： Okano, K Higashino, T Taniguchi, K Member Faculty of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan 560 Teruo Hipshino received his B.E. M.E.and Ph.D. degrees in Information and Computer Sciences from Osaka University Osaka Japan in 1R9 1981 and 1984 respectively. He joined the Faculty of Osaka University in 1984. Since 1991 he has been an Associate Professor in the Department of Information and Computer Sciences at Osaka University. In 1990 he was a Visiting Researcher of Dept. I.R.O. at University of Montreal Canada. His current research interests include design and analysis of distributed systems specification and verification of communication protocols and formal approach of program design. He is a member of IEEE-CS ACM IEICE of Japan and IPS of Japan.

In this paper, new methods for providing the correctness of refinement among abstract sequential machine style programs are described. The programs are described in algebraic language ASL using some useful notions, i.e., the extended projection and the valid reachability condition for each transition function. These notions allow a designer to refine a given text (program or specification) to a concrete text more freely than the text that does not use such notions. These notions can also enhance the expressive power of the text. On the other hand, these advantages would have lost half their values, if useful methods to prove the correctness of refinement among the texts using them are not found. Thus new methods for proving the correctness of the texts are proposed, and they do not require much proof loads. First, the correctness of refinement among the ASL texts with the extended projection is defined. Second, a method is proposed for proving the correctness of refinement among such texts. Also proposed is a definition of the correctness of refinement among the texts with the valid reachability conditions and a method to prove their correctness. These methods do not require more proof loads than the usual methods for the texts that do not use such notions in the abstract sequential machine style. Therefore, these methods are useful.

关键词： abstract sequential machine ASL language proof algebraic specification

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Role of substrate current in the reliability life testing of GaAs MMICs

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QUALITY ANd RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL 1996年第3期12卷 191-194页

作者： Christianson, K Mittereder, J Roussos, J Anderson, WT Naval Research Laboratory Code 6855 Washington DC 20375 U.S.A. Keith A. Christianson:received the B.S. in electrical engineering and B.S. in metallurgical engineering from Ohio State Univesity in 1980 and the Ph.D. in materials science and engineering in 1985 from Northwestern University. He is with the Reliability Science Section of the Electronics Science and Technology Division at the Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC where he is involved with microwave device reliability. Jeffery A. Mittereder:received the B.S. in Metallurgical Engineering & Materials Engineering with Electronic Materials Option from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1984 and the M.S. in Materials Engineering & Solid Mechanics from George Washington University in 1991. He is with the Reliability Science Section of the Electronics Science and Technology Division at the Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC. He is currently working on reliability testing and failure analysis of GaAs devices. Wallace T. Anderson:received the B.A. M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Physics from the University of California. He joined the TRW Physical Research Center in Redondo Beach California in 1967. After working on device physics and GaAs materials problems he moved to the TRW Microelectronics Center where he participated in setting up the GaAs program. He joined the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington D.C. in 1977 and began working on semiconductor failure mechanisms. Dr. Anderson is presently Head of the Reliability Science Section in the Electronics Science and Technology Division.

GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) typically show a dramatic increase in circuit current when operated above 200 degrees C. This increase in current has been found to be in good agreement;with a summation of the estimated substrate current flowing from the individual components of these circuits through the bulk GaAs to the back metalization. Although the substrate current for these MMICs was small at room temperature, it can be a substantial portion of the total circuit current at the high temperatures typical for accelerated life testing. A procedure was developed to compensate for the substrate current, thus allowing normal circuit operation during high temperature life testing.

关键词： MMICs substrate currents high temperature life testing reliability

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Self-excited synchronous induction motor

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第3期117卷 110-121页

作者： Fukami, T Ishizaka, T Miyamoto, T Kanazawa Institute of Technology Received his Ph.D. degree in 1990 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology and joined Mitsubishi Denki. In 1992 became Research Associate at Kanazawa Institute of Technology and in 1993 promoted to Assistant Professor. He is engaged in R&D of rotating machines. In 1984 received a grant from Ohm Publ. in 1992 received award from Marine Engineering Society of Japan. He is a members of IEEE and Marine Engineering Society of Japan. Graduated in 1994 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology and entered the graduate program. He is engaged in research on synchronous induction motors. Graduated in 1958 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology and then joined Mitsubishi Denki where he engaged in research on SF6-insulated machines and permanent fuses at the R&D Center. He has won awards from IEEE Japan and National Bureau for Science and Technology. In 1976 he received his Ph.D. degree from Kyoto University. In 1980 he was Head of Development Section at Itami Seisakusho in 1985 Optical Disk Project Manager in 1987 Director of Optical Disk R&D Center. Since 1990 Professor at Kanazawa Institute of Technology. He is engaged in research on electromagnetic phenomena found in plant life.

A synchronous-induction motor, with the features of both a synchronous motor and a wound-rotor induction motor, far excels other synchronous motors in starting characteristics. However, a major drawback of the synchronous-induction motor is the need for an excitation power supply with low-voltage, large-current power rating. For this reason, its driving equipment becomes large, and increases overall cost. This paper proposes a new synchronous-induction motor, absent the problems involved in making the motor a self-excited type. It employs the second-space harmonic component of armature reaction field to obtain the self-excitation of the field system, and installs a harmonic winding, which is used for extraction of an excitation power, in the rotor. This new self-excited motor has the following advantages: (1) the driving equipment is small, since no excitation power supply is involved;and (2) due to the effect of the series characteristic by which the field current varies in proportion to the load current automatically, the motor can be operated with a good power factor. In the present paper the structure and operating principle of the new motor are explained and the basic characteristics are also investigated by means of a simple analysis and experimental results with a 1.5-kV trial machine.

关键词： synchronous induction motor self-excitation armature reaction field second spatial harmonic

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Ionic current model of the retinal photoreceptor and simulation analysis of the photoresponses

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SYSTEMS ANd computerS IN JAPAN 1996年第12期27卷 10-21页

作者： Usui, TOS Kamiyama, Y Faculty of Information Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Shim Usui:graduated in 1974 with his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of California. He was appointed Research Associate at Nagoya University in 1974 a Lecturer at Toyohashi University of Technology in 1979 and an Associate Professor and then a Professor in 1986. He has been engaged in research on physiological information engineering and physiological engineering. He is the author of Basic Physwlqicul Signal Processing. He is a member of IEE Institute of Measurement and Automation Japan Institute of Information Processing Japan Institute of Medical Engineering Japan Institute of Physiology Japan Institute of Neural Science Japan Institute of Neural Networks Japan: and INNS. He is an IEEE fellow.

The fact that the reception of optical information by the retinal photoreceptor and the process of its transformation to the membrane voltage response are due to an interaction between the photocurrent from the outer segment and each ionic current in the inner segment has been confirmed by many physiological experiments. However, the properties of each ionic current in the photoreceptor have not been clear since no physiologically reliable model of the retinal photoreceptor has been constructed. This paper proposes a model of a retinal photoreceptor, which is a combination of the outer segment model (devised by Torre et al.) and the inner segment model (devised by the present authors). It has been confirmed that this model can accurately represent the electron physiological properties of a retinal photoreceptor. Using this model simulation, the relationship between the photocurrent and the photoresponse dynamics, and an oscillatory phenomena caused by a strong light flash have been analyzed. The results show that the dynamic and nonlinear response characteristics of a retinal photoreceptor are due to the interactions between the nonlinear ionic current in the inner segment and the mechanism of the intracellular calcium.

关键词： retinal photoreceptor photoresponse intracellular calcium mechanism simulation analysis

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Characteristics of flow and plasma under high MHd interaction in nonequilibrium disk MHd generator using argon

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第3期116卷 52-63页

作者： Tsuji, K Okubo, M Yamasaki, H Niwa, Y Kaneko, T Tokyo Institute of Technology Master's degree in Energy Science in 1991 and entered the doctoral program in 1991 at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. Ph.D. degree in 1990 in Mechanical Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology. He became a Research Associate at the Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University in 1990. He has been a Research Associate at Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors Tokyo Institute of Technology since April of 1993. He has been engaged in research on magneto-fluid engineering MHD power generation and two-phase flow. Graduated in 1967 from the Department of Mechanical Engineering Niigata University. In 1969 he received his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering and his Ph.D. degree in 1979 both from Tokyo Institute of Technology. He became a Professor at the Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors of the same university in 1990. He is engaged in research on MHD power generation and high-speed gas dynamics. Toshiba Corporation Master's degree in 1994 in Nuclear Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology. He joined Toshiba Corporation in 1994. Nomura Research Institute Master's degree in 1994 in Nuclear Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology. He joined Nomura Research Institute in 1994.

Results of experimental studies on behavior of a supersonic flow and of a nonequilibrium plasma in a disk MHd generator are presented. The experiments with cesium seeded argon were carried out under high MHd interaction conditions. Effects of seed fractions on static pressure distributions, flow Mach numbers, electron temperatures and uniformity of discharge in the disk MHd channel were investigated. The results have shown that the flow is kept supersonic throughout the disk MHd channel when a sufficient Joule heating exists in a supersonic nozzle and the seed is fully ionized. It was found that there was an optimum seed fraction at which the power output became maximum and, at the same time, the seed was fully ionized. Furthermore, an almost uniform discharge due to the full ionization of seed was observed. It is noted that enthalpy extractions and adiabatic efficiencies were increased remarkably, and the highest enthalpy extraction of 26.5 percent was achieved for cesium seeded argon. However, adiabatic efficiencies remained still low due to large pressure losses.

关键词： noble gas MHd power generation uniforming of plasma full ionization of seed high enthalpy extraction adiabatic efficiency

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Coordinated fuzzy logic control between SVC and PSS to enhance stability of power systems

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第1期116卷 43-54页

作者： Kihara, H Hiyama, T Miyauchi, H Ortmeyer, TH Kumamoto University B.E. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Kumamoto University in 1986 and 1988 respectively and is currently in the doctoral program at the university. In 1988 he joined Kyushu Electric Power Co. and is working in the Research Division. B.E. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Kyoto University Japan in 1969 1971 and 1980 respectively. He joined Kumamoto University in 1971 and he has been a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science since 1989. During the period of June 1985 through September 1986 he was at Clarkson University and was involved with power system harmonics research. His current interests include intelligent control of electric power systems using fuzzy logic control scheme and neural network measurement and real time control of photovoltaic systems and harmonic analysis in distribution systems. He is a senior member of IEEE SICE of Japan and Japan Solar Energy Society. B.E. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Kyoto University in 1981 1983 and 1991 respectively. He joined Kyoto University in 1985. Since 1993 he has been at Kumamoto University and currently is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. His current interests include stabilizing control of electric power system and applications of the Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to electric power systems. He is a member of IEEE and Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers of Japan. B.S.E.E. degree in 1972 his M.S.E.E. degree in 1977 and Ph.D. degree in 1980 all from Iowa State University. From 1972 to 1976 he worked in the Operational Analysis Department Commonwealth Edison Company Chicago Illinois. Since 1979 he has been at Clarkson University Potsdam N.Y. where he is a Professor of Electrical Engineering. During the period of July 1993 to June 1994 he was also a Visiting Professor at Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan. His current interests include harmonic performance po

This paper presents a new switching control scheme for static var compensator (SVC) using fuzzy logic control rules to enhance the overall stability of electric power systems. In addition, the coordination with power system stabilizers (PSS) is also considered to achieve a wider stable region. An SVC is set on one of the busbars in the transmission system, where the real power flow signal is utilized at the location of the SVC to determine the firing angle of the thyristor switch. The switching control scheme is simple so as not to require heavy computation on the microcomputer based switching controller. The PSSs are also set on the generators in the study system. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic switching control scheme for the SVC. The coordination between SVC and PSS is also effective to enlarge the stable region.

关键词： fuzzy logic control scheme real time control SVC PSS FACTS

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A method for understanding intentions of indirect speech acts in natural language interfaces

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SYSTEMS ANd computerS IN JAPAN 1996年第1期27卷 77-91页

作者： Mima, H Aoe, J Fuketa, M Hayashi, Y Member Faculty of Engineering The University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan 770 Jun-ichi Aoe received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in Electronic Engineering from the University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan in 1974 and 1976 respectively and his Ph.D. degree in Communication Engineering from the University of Osaka Japan in 1980. Since 1976 he has been with the University of Tokushima. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Information Science and Intelligent Systems at the University of Tokushima. He is the author of about 50 scientific papers. His research interests include computer algorithms in software engineering and natural language processing. Dr. Aoe is editing Computer Algorithms Series of the IEEE Computer Society Press and author of two books: Computer Algorithms-Key Search Strategies in 1991 and String Pattern Matching Strategies in 1994. He received a Best Author Award from the Information Processing Society of Japan in 1993. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery the American Association for Artificial Intelligence the Association for Computational Linguistics and the Information Processing Society of Japan the Society for Software Science and Technology the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence and the Association for Natural Language Processing of Japan. Nonmember

In an attempt to propose a robust method for understanding natural language (NL) interface commands, a scheme is proposed that infers intentions from an indirect speech-act that does not express users' real intentions explicitly. This method classifies the real intentions of the indirect speech-act into: 1) refusal;2) reversal;3) restriction;4) benefit;and 5) disability. Further, concepts are abstracted for operations, e.g., displaying, moving, and deleting information systems;and constructing the operation knowledge base. This knowledge based comprises operational concepts and the relationships between them. These relationships are assigned the foregoing classifications for intentions. In addition, we construct the knowledge base of objects for the target of operations, e.g., files, figures, strings. This knowledge base contains the relationships: a) antonym;b) exclusive;c) part-of, between the objects;and uses these relations to infer the transitions between the objects. An algorithm is the proposed to infer concepts for operations and concepts for target objects of operations that may represent the user's actual intentions. This proposal scheme was tested with requests on UNIX and a commercially available Japanese Word Processor. The system successfully inferred the intentions for approximately 80 percent of the user's indirect speech-act.

关键词： natural language interface indirect speech act inference of intention

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