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TRANSLATING THE PROBLEMS OF THE ELdERLY INTO EFFECTIVE POLICIES: AN ANALYSIS OF FILIAL ATTITUdES

Review of Policy Research 1989年第3期8卷 704-716页

作者： dinkins Ford, doris E. Ph.D. is an Assistant Professor in the Depart- ment of Political Science (Health Care Administration Program) at Auburn University. Dr. Ford received her B.S. and M.S. degrees from Howard University and her M.Phi1. and Ph.D. from the George Washington University.

This paper examines the political implications of current decision making efforts that underpin recent cost‐cutting measures of federally supported programs serving the elderly. Current policy changes that favor the private sector (e.g., shifts of the cost of care to other levels of government and to elderly individuals and their families) have also generated a renewed interest in the policy of mandating family responsibility. The paper also examines attitudes concerning filial responsibility, such as multigenerational living. The inadequacy of current policy analysis that has encouraged the disestablishment of the current long‐term care system and the shifting of care costs to the private sector, especially to the individual and the family are also examined. Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SURFACE MINING ACT ANd COOPERATIVE FEdERALISM

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Review of Policy Research 1989年第1期9卷 67-68页

作者： desai, Uday Uday Desai is an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Master of Public Affairs Program at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. His articles have appeared in such journals as Administration and Society International Review of Administrative Sciences American Review of Public Administration Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law and Environmental Professionals. He received his Ph.D. in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1973.

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ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF THE SURFACE MINING CONTROL ANd RECLAMATION ACT

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Review of Policy Research 1989年第1期9卷 98-108页

作者： desai, Uday Uday Desai is an Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the Master of Public Affairs Program at Southern Illinois University - Carbondale. His articles have appeared in such journals as Administration and Society International Review of Administrative Sciences American Review of Public Administration Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law and Environmental Professionals. He received his Ph.D. in Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh in 1973.

Even a dozen years since the passage of the Surface Mining. Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) there is little agreement on how well i t has worked. The paper attempts to assess the impacts of SMCRA in six major surface coal producing states. Although i t is not possible to make an unqualified overall national assessment, the evidence presented in the paper indicates that in many (but by no means all) cases, surface coal mining is now carried out in environmentally less destructive ways then before the Act. However, the accomplishments have fallen far short of expectations. The situation in some states has gotten worse than before the Act. Overall, the impact of the Act on the ground has been mixed and has depended on the rigor with which the Act has been implemented in individual coal states. Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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CLEER - AN AI-SYSTEM dEVELOPEd TO ASSIST EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENTS ON WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 127-137页

作者： ZHOU, HH SILVERMAN, BG SIMKOL, J Dr. H. Harry Zhou:is a research professor at the Institute for Artificial Intelligence of The George Washington University. Dr. Zhou received his master's degree and Ph.D. in computer science from Vanderbilt University in 1984 and 1987 respectively. He did his dissertation in the fields of artificial intelligence analogical reasoning and machine learning. His research interests include: classifier systems genetic algorithms learning by analogy inductive learning adaptive expert systems automated knowledge acquisition and adaption. He is also interested in data base design programming languages mental modeling and software engineering. Dr. Barry G. Silverman:is director of the Institute for Artificial Intelligence and a professor at the Engineering Administration Department of The George Washington University. He is also president of IntelliTek Inc. an AI consulting firm. Dr. Silverman received the B.S.E. M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania. He has been a principal developer of four generic AI products as well as eight AI applications. Since 1979 he has written over 100 papers and reports on these AI efforts. Joel Simkol:is a research scientist currently engaged in designing expert system architectures to support electronic warfare vulnerability analyses threat assessments shipboard topside antenna arrangements and C3countermeasures employment. Mr. Simkol's work in applying expert systems technology to electromagnetic interference and to spectrum management has generated increased interest and participation from all branches of government agencies.

This paper describes a modularized AI system being built to help improve electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) among shipboard topside equipment and their associated systems. CLEER is intended to act as an easy to use integrator of existing expert knowledge and pre-existing data bases and large scale analytical models. due to these interfaces; to the need for portability of the software; and to artificial intelligence related design requirements (such as the need for spatial reasoning, expert data base management, model base management, track-based reasoning, and analogical (similar ship) reasoning) it was realized that traditional expert system shells would be inappropriate, although relatively off-the-shelf AI technology could be incorporated. In the same vein, the rapid prototyping approach to expert system design and knowledge engineering was not pursued in favor of a rigorous systems engineering methodology. The critical design decisions affecting CLEER's development are summarized in this paper along with lessons learned to date all in terms of “how,” “why,” and “when” specific features are being developed.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence

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FINITE-TIME THERMOdYNAMICS ANd ITS POTENTIAL NAVAL SHIPBOARd APPLICATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第1期101卷 35-39页

作者： WU, C WALKER, Td Dr. Chih Wu:received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois in January 1966. Presently he is a full professor at the U.S. Naval Academy. Since 1966 he has had more than 300 articles and papers presented at professional meetings and published in various journals and technical magazines concerning the subjects of energy thermodynamics heat transfer fluid dynamics computer science and education. LCdr. Thomas Walker USN: graduated from Purdue University in 1973 with a B.S. degree in electrical engineering and earned an M. S. degree in mechanical engineering in 1979 at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey. In his 24 years in the Navy he has served on a number of ships ranging from diesel submarines to guided missile destroyers. He is currently in the mechanical engineering faculty at the U.S. Naval Academy. He is a member of Tau Beta Pi (National Engineering Honorary Fraternity) and has recently accepted a faculty position in the Division of Engineering Fundamentals at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Maximum power and the efficiency at the maximum power of an irreversible heat engine are treated. When time is explicitly considered in the energy exchanges between the heat engine and its surroundings, it is found that there is a bound on the efficiency of the real heat engine at the maximum power condition. This bound can guide the evaluation of existing naval shipboard energy conversion or influence design of future shipboard heat engines.

关键词： Heat Engines

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THE QUANTIFICATION OF INTEROPERABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 251-256页

作者： MENSH, dR KITE, RS dARBY, ph Dennis Roy Mensh:is currently the task leader Interoperability Project with the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in applied physics from Loyola College in Baltimore Md. and the American University in Washington D. C. He also has completed his course work towards his Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of systems analysis and computer simulation. He has been employed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center White Oak Laboratory Silver Spring Md. for 20 years in the areas of weapon system analysis and the development of weapon systems simulations. Since 1978 he has been involved in the development of tools and methodologies that can be applied to the solution of shipboard combat system/battle force system architecture and engineering problems. Mr. Mensh is a member of ASNE MORS IEEE U.S. Naval Institute MAA and the Sigma Xi Research Society. Robert S. Kite:is a systems engineer with the Naval Warfare Systems Engineering Department of the MITRE Corporation in McLean Va. Mr. Kite received his B.S. degree in electronic engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore Md. Mr. Kite retired from the Federal Communications Commission in 1979 and served a project manager of the J-12 Frequency Management Support Project for the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute in Annapolis Md. before joining MITRE. Mr. Kite is presently a member of ASNE the Military Operations Research Society and an associate member of Sigma Xi. Paul H. Darby:has worked in the field of interoperability both in the development of interoperability concepts and systems since joining the Department of the Navy in 1967. He was the Navy's program manager for the WestPacNorth TACS/ TADS and IFFN systems. He is currently head of the Interoperability Branch Warfare Systems Engineering Office Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. He holds a B.S. from the U.S. Naval Academy.

JCS Pub 1 defines interoperability as “The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together.” With JCS Pub 1 as a foundation, interoperability of systems, units or forces can be factored into a set of components that can quantify interoperability. These components are: media, languages, standards, requirements, environment, procedures, and human factors. The concept described in this paper uses these components as an analysis tool to enable specific detailed analyses of the interoperability of BFC3 systems, units, or forces for the purpose of uncovering and resolving interoperability issues and problems in the U.S. Navy, Joint, and Allied arenas. Also, as a management tool, the components can help determine potential interoperability characteristics of future U.S. Navy BFC3 systems for compliance with battle force systems architectures. The approach selected for the quantification of interoperability was the development of a set of measures of performance (MOPs) and measures of effectiveness (MOEs). The MOPs/MOEs were integrated with a candidate set of components, which were used to partition the totality of interoperability into measurable entities. The methodology described employs basic truth table theory in conjunction with logic equations to evaluate the interoperability components in terms of MOPs that were aggregated to MOEs. It is believed that this concept, although elementary and based on fundamental principles, represents an operationally significant approach rather than a theoretical approach to the quantification of interoperability. The vehicle used as a means to measure the MOPs and MOEs was the Research Evaluation and Systems Analysis (RESA) computer modeling and simulation capability at the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC), San diego, Calif. data for the measurements were collected during a Tactical I

关键词： Military Engineering

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ESTIMATION OF STRUCTURAL SERVICE LIFE OF SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 156-166页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ PURCELL, ES P.E. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the National Science Foundation the U.S. Coast Guard the State of Maryland and the University of Maryland. Dr. Ayyub is a member of ASNE the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) the American Concrete Institute (ACI) the Committee on Forensic Engineering of ASCE and the Committee on Structural Safety of ACI. He is the author of more than three dozen publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub received the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 and the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management for 1987. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International Company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is a lieutenant commande

A methodology for the structural life assessment of a ship's structure is suggested. The methodology is based on probabilistic analysis using reliability concepts and the statistics of extremes. In this approach, the estimation of structural life expectancy is based on selected failure modes. All possible failure modes of the ship must be investigated and the most likely paths to structural failure identified. For the purpose of illustration two failure modes are considered in this study. They are plate plastic deformation and fatigue cracking. Structural life based on these two failure modes is determined for an example vessel. The methodology determines the probability of failure of the ship's structural components according to the identified failure modes as a function of time. The results can be interpreted as the cumulative probability distribution function (CdF) of structural life. due to the unknown level of statistical correlation between failure modes, limits or bounds on the CdF of the structural life are established. The limits correspond to the extreme cases of fully correlated and independent failure modes. The CdFs of structural life are determined for two inspection strategies; namely, inspection every year and inspection every two years with a warranty inspection at the end of the first year. The meaning of the results for the case investigated in this study is that, for example, given an inspection strategy of two years and a desired life of 15 years, there is a 72% chance that the vessel will not experience enough partial damage‘ in the failure modes identified to constitute reaching the “end of structural life” as defined.

关键词： Ships

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Optimal scheduling policies for mixed scalar-vector multiprocessor supercomputers 88

Optimal scheduling policies for mixed scalar-vector multipro...

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Proceedings of the 1988 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing

作者： Y. Liu O. Johnson Ph.D. Candidate Department of Computer Science University of Houston Professor of Computer Science University of Houston and Director CSARC Houston Area Research Center

ISBN: (纸本)9780818608827

A queueing network model is developed for multiprocessing supercomputer systems implemented on two heterogeneous processors which are thought of as a scalar unit and a vector unit which work concurrently on a single process. The model is analysed theoretically for a representative case of model job mixes. It is found that the utilization of one of the two central service stations in the model can only be maximized at the expense of minimizing the utilization of the other central service station. The method of analysis adopted is the technique of variable aggregation based on nearly complete decomposability.

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Rural‐Urban differences in Access to Iowa Child Health Services

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The Journal of Rural Health 1988年第2期4卷 59-72页

作者： Levey, Linda M. Curry, James P. Levey, Samuel JAMES P. CURRY Ph.D. is Assistant Research Scientist in the Center for Health Services Research at The University of Iowa. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from The University of Iowa. His recent publications include studies of organizational behavior in health care settings and the utilization of health ServiceS. SAMUEL LEVEY Ph.D. is Gerhard Hartman Professor and Head of the Graduate Program in Hospital and Health Administration and the Center for Health Services Research at The University of Iowa. Dr. b e y holds a doctorate in hospital and health administraton from The University of Iowa and a Master of Science from the Harvard School of Public Health. He has published extensively in the health administration literature including several textbooks and is currently the Editor of Hospital and Health saoices Administmtion.

Indicators of access, utilization, and quality of available child health services as well as health status were obtained through a telephone survey of Iowa households with children under age six. These indicators were compared for rural‐urban subsamples within an AFdC sample drawn from Iowa department of Human Service files (N=637), and within poverty (N=129) and nonpoverty groups (N=631) drawn from the population of all households in the state with children under age six. About 55 percent of all households studied were rural. Rural households were generally larger than urban households, more likely to be intact maritally, white, and earning a living from farming. The findings support the hypothesis that place of residence has an impact on access, utilization, and quality of child health services over and above family income, although not always to the disadvantage of rural children. Typical problems for rural children, irrespective of income, were access to pediatric care, greater travel time to providers, and discontinuity of well care and sick care. Rural children in all income groups had lower seat belt use than urban children;they were also less likely to have well visits and their providers showed less attentiveness to behavioral and developmental issues at these visits. Rural residency exacerbated problems in access to care for low income children, who were less likely to be eligible for AFdC/ Medicaid than their urban counterparts. Medicaid coverage, however, did not eliminate rural‐urban differences in receiving desired medical care. Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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Report: Automating Manual Storeroom Zones in a Factory

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AT&T Technical Journal 1988年第2期67卷 87-94页

作者： Pulat, B. Mustafa Hewett, Alan P. W. B. Mustafa Pulat:is a senior engineer in the Material Handling Engineering Department of AT&T Network Systems at the AT&T Oklahoma City Works in Oklahoma City Oklahoma. Mr. Pulat joined AT&T in 1985 and is involved in system development modeling and just-in-time deliveries. He has a B.Sc. and M.Sc. in industrial engineering from the Middle East Technical University in Ankara Turkey and a Ph.D. in industrial engineering from North Carolina State University.Alan P. W. Hewettis a member of technical staff in the Manufacturing Engineering Systems Development Department of AT&T Bell Laboratories in Columbus Ohio. He joined the company in 1978 and designs and develops software for the Material Operations Velocity System (MOVES) a system that automates material handling in AT&T factories. He has a B.A. in chemistry from Kalamazoo College a Ph.D. in chemistry from Yale University and has done postdoctoral work in both chemistry and computer science at Harvard University.

Moving, storing, and controlling material efficiently is one of the most challenging problems of manufacturing. In the last twenty years, several different technologies were developed for this purpose, including the automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS), which featured advancements in real‐time control of machines by computers. Today's AS/RS makes total material‐handling system integration a reality. This paper describes the experience of the AT&T Oklahoma City Works with such a system. © 1988 AT&T Technical Journal

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