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INTERCOMPARTMENTAL FLUId SHIFTS IN HEMOdIALYSIS-PATIENTS

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS 1987年第2期3卷 69-73页

作者： HEINEKEN, FG EVANS, MC KEEN, ML GOTCH, FA COBE Laboratories Inc. Lakewood Colorado Fred G. Heineken is currently Program Director for Biotechnology within the Emerging Engineering Technologies Division of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation. He received his B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and his Ph.D. degree in the same discipline from the University of Minnesota. His work experience includes fermentation research at Monsanto teaching and research in respiration physiology at the University of Colorado and hemodialysis product design and evaluation at COBE Laboratories. Hemodialysis Treatment and Research Center Franklin Hospital Ralph K. Davis Medical Center San Francisco California Mary C. Evans has a BS degree in Chemistry from the University of Florida. She has held positions in the artificial kidney development group at Dow Chemical Company and the new product development group of Cordis-Dow Corporation. She is currently working in clinical research in the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. Marcia Keen is currently a doctoral student at the University of California San Francisco and serves as Clinical Research Supervisor at the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. She received her MS at the University of California San Francisco. Her thesis research developed a non-invasive Doppler technique to quantitate vascular access graft flow in hemodialysis patients. Her research interests include physiologic responses to dialysis therapy manipulations. Frank Gotch is an Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco. He received his BA and MD from the University of California and is currently Medical Director of the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. His research has addressed such issues as adequacy of dialysis and mathematical modeling of hemodialysis and associated therapies. He is a past president of the American

Hemodialysis is a therapeutic procedure for replacing some functions of the natural kidney. As such, it is capable of allowing people with little or no residual kidney function to survive and in some cases to lead productive lives. There are, unfortunately, a number of side effects associated with this procedure (shock, muscle cramps, fatigue, etc.). In order to minimize these side effects, we have undertaken to model shifts of fluid between the intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces in hemodialysis patients. Fluid shifts are primarily a function of osmolality differences between these fluid spaces. Changes in osmolality are caused mainly by changes in urea and salt concentrations. Least squares analysis of patient data has been used to estimate the appropriate ultrafiltration and urea mass transfer coefficients for each patient. The model has then been used to find a dialysate sodium concentration profile that will minimize fluid shifts into and out of the intracellular fluid space.

关键词： BIOMEdICAL EQUIPMENT

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RELIABILITY-BASEd FATIGUE dESIGN FOR SHIP STRUCTURES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 135-149页

作者： WHITE, GJ AYYUB, BM Gregory J. White: LCdr. USNR-R is an assistant professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received a B. S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 first as the damage control assistant aboard the USS Reasoner (FF-1063) and then as the commissioning CIC officer aboard the USS Merrill (DD-976). After leaving active duty and while attending graduate school he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific section (Code 250.1). Upon completion of graduate school he then worked for Exxon International Company as a research engineer in the R & D division of the tanker department. A lieutenant commander in the Ready Reserve Dr. White drills with the repair department of a submarine tender reserve unit and recently completed the reserve engineering duty officer qualification program. A member of ASNE since 1983 Dr. White is also a member of SNAME and the U.S. Naval Institute Dr. White received the “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an assistant professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B. S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M. S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. While there he was awarded the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Fellowship. Dr. Ayyub has extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation pre-stressed composite steel girders and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures mathematical modelling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the University of Maryland the Natio

In the continuing effort to apply reliability methods to marine structures, the next logical step is to include these techniques in the design process. The advantage of doing this would be the ability to design more efficient structures with some measure of certainty of the reliability level involved. The particular application in ship structural design which would benefit the most from using reliability methods is the design against fatigue failure. In this paper, some of the reliability-based methods currently being used (or proposed for use) in the design of structures against fatigue are examined. Each is evaluated as to its suitability for use in the structural design of ships. In addition, the authors propose a new reliability-based fatigue design format which is based on their recently introduced Reliability-Conditioned (RC) design method and the Load and Resistance Factor design (LRFd) code format. This approach is hoped to provide the design engineer with an easy to understand and use tool based on the LRFd format. The RC method will enable him to quickly and accurately design the components of a ship's structure such that a desired level of safety against fatigue is achieved. Each of the methods discussed is used to solve a practical example. The results of that example and several others are used to discuss the relative merits of each method.

关键词： SHIPS

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MPCS - THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS-CONTROL SYSTEM

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1986年第4期65卷 35-45页

作者： dUNIETZ, IS HSU, JLC MCEACHERN, MT STOCKING, JH SWARTZ, MA TROMBLY, RM The authors Irwin S. Dunietz John L.C. Hsu Michael T. McEachern James H. Stocking Mark A. Swartz andRodney M. Tromblyare responsible for design and development of the Manufacturing Process Control System. Mr. Dunietz joined AT&T in 1980. He is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at AT&T Engineering Research Center Princeton New Jersey. He received an A.B. in mathematics from Cornell University and an M.S.E. in computer science from Princeton University. Mr. Hsu who joined AT&T in 1970 is a department head in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Missouri. Mr. McEachern joined AT&T in 1962 and is a supervisor in the 5ESS™ Line Unit Manufacturing department at AT&T Technologies in Oklahoma City Oklahoma. He is responsible for the manufacturing process control center in Oklahoma City which provides computerized support for all circuit pack manufacturing. Mr. Stocking who joined AT&T in 1975 is a supervisor in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of California Berkeley. Mr. Swartz joined AT&T in 1980 and is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an A.B. in computer science from Cornell University and an M.S. in computer science from Rutgers—The State University. Mr. Trombly who joined AT&T in 19 78 is an assistant manager at the AT&T Merrimack Valley Works in Massachusetts. Previously he was a supervisor at the Engineering Research Center. He holds a B.S. in computers and systems engineering and an M.S.E.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

The central challenge of all manufacturing is making products to the right standards and delivering them at the right time. AT&T is upgrading its corporate and factory resource planning systems to improve control of day-to-day manufacturing. The Manufacturing Process Control System (MPCS), developed at the AT&T Engineering Research Center (ERC), provides this support. MPCS connects the shop floor with production scheduling, accounting, product data archive, and engineering support systems.

关键词： PROdUCTION CONTROL

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Utilization of a Migrant Outreach Nursing Service

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The Journal of Rural Health 1986年第2期2卷 37-45页

作者： Mendelson, Marilyn A. Plews‐Ogan, James Johnson, Jeffrey A. MARILYN A. MENDELSON Ph.D. is Director of Evaluation Office of Education and Associate Professor of Family and Community Medicine at the Eastern Virginia Medical School. She was formerly the Associate Director of the Eastern Virginia Area Health Education Center. She received a doctorate in educational psychology from Michigan State University in 1974 and has previously served on the faculties of the Medical University of South Carolina and the University of Miami (Florida). Among her most recent publications are an article in Research in Nursrng and health and co-editorship of Comprehensrve Reziew of the Basic Sciences (Health Science Consortium 1985) JAMES PLEWS-OGAN R.N. M.S. is a nurse practitioner with the Harvard Community Health Plan. Formerly he was the Co-Director of the Delmarva Rural Ministries in Virginia. Mr. Plews-Ogan received his degree in nursing in 1081 from Pace University-Ogan JEFFREY A. JOHNSON M.P.A. is Assistant Deputy Director of the Area Health Education Center (AHEC) of the Eastern Virginia Medical School. Mr. Johnson received his graduate degree from Old Dominion University and has previously served as an Evaluation Specialist in the AHEC program

The utilization of an outreach primary care health service provided by nurse practitioners to the migrant farm work population on the Eastern Shore of Virginia in 1984 was examined by migrants’ethnicity, gender, and age. Seventy percent of a population of Black, Mexican American, and Haitian workers and dependents were seen in 5,937 camp encounters. The population and first‐encounter patient distributions were equivalent except for gender: relatively more moles than females received service. First‐ and subsequent‐encounter distributions were disproportional for ethnicity, gènder, and age: subsequent service was provided more frequently to Blacks, females, and patients over 30 years of age. High penetration and subsequent rates were obtained for this comprehensive, readily accessible health service. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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The Role of Special Master in Institutional Reform Litigation: A Case Study

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Law & Policy 1986年第3期8卷 275-321页

作者： LEVINE, MURRAY Professor of Psychology at the State University of New York at Buffalo and Director of the Clinical Area. He also directs the Child Clinical Psychology and Law Program a cooperative venture between the State University of New York at Buffalo School of Law and Jurisprudence and the Department of Psychology. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology in 1954 from the University of Pennsylvania and his J.D. from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1983. He is licensed as a psychologist in New York and was admitted to the bar in New York in 1984 *This research was completed under support from the National Science Foundation Law and Social Science Program Grant No. SES-8023954 and under a Fellowship from the Foundation for Research in Psychiatry during the academic year 1981–1982. The special masters and court monitors were intelligent articulate gracious and generous with their time. It was a great pleasure to work with them. I also wish to thank my graduate assistant Tom Burns who made himself familiar with the material and helped in formulating the ideas expressed in this paper.

Wuori v Zitnay (1975), an institutional reform case, came to a successful resolution within a relatively few years. This case study describes the change process from the perspective of the special master and reports on devices used to sustain the changes after the court relinquished active supervision. The case study describes the functioning of masters in other cases to show the comparability of the processes. The special master undertakes change agent activities which are not in keeping with the model of a quasi‐judicial role. The master preserves the court's legitimacy by providing a buffer which allows the court to maintain a neutral stance when implementation problems are brought to its attention. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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TRAFFIC CAPABILITIES OF 2 REARRANGEABLY NONBLOCKING phOTONIC SWITCHING MOdULES

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第10期64卷 2331-2373页

作者： THOMPSON, RA AT&T Bell Laboratories. Richard A. Thompson: B. S. (Electrical Engineering) 1964 Lafayette College M. S. (Electrical Engineering) 1966 Columbia University Ph.D. (Computer Science) 1971 University of Connecticut AT&T Bell Laboratories 1963–1968 1977—.

The architectures of two small switching networks are compared as potential implementations of a 4 × 4 photonic switching module. Such a module would be made by interconnecting several 2 × 2 photonic directional couplers on a single LiNbO 3 substrate. While both networks are rearrangeably nonblocking, we investigate whether one network requires significantly more rearrangements than the other. The analysis includes transient, Monte Carlo simulation, and Markov steady-state techniques. We conclude that the traffic capabilities of the two structures are not significantly different, and that selection of an architecture can be based on other criteria, like loss, crosstalk, or ease of manufacture.

关键词： TELEphONE SYSTEMS, AUTOMATIC

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AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO A NONPROdUCT FORM NETWORK

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第10期64卷 2505-2523页

作者： YOO, SW AT&T Information Systems. Seung W. Yoo: B.S. 1972 Seoul National University Korea M.S. 1980 Ph.D. (Computer Science) 1983 University of Kansas AT&T Bell Laboratories 1983–1985 AT&T Information Systems 1985—.

By applying an algebraic approach to the method of stages, an explicit solution is derived for a closed network consisting of a nonexponential server and a service station with two identical nonexponential servers in parallel. There is a finite number of jobs and the queueing discipline is first-come-first-served in the closed network. The solution is described in a quasi-matrix-geometric form, which is a generalization of the matrix-geometric form.

关键词： computer NETWORKS

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SYSTEM-75 - MAINTENANCE ARCHITECTURE

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第1期64卷 229-249页

作者： LU, KS PRICE, Jd SMITH, TL AT&T Information Systems Laboratories an entity of AT&T Information Systems Inc. Kang-sen Lu: B.S. (Physics) 1974 National Tsing-Hua University M.S. (Computer Science) 1976 National Chiao-Tung University Ph.D. (Computer Science) 1981 University of Pennsylvania AT&T Bell Laboratories 1981–1982 AT&T Information Systems Laboratories 1983—. AT&T Consumer Products. John D. Price: B.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1977 Cornell University M.S. (Computer Engineering) 1978 Carnegie-Mellon University Bell Laboratories 1977–1982 AT&T Information Systems Laboratories 1983–1984 AT&T Consumer Products 1984—. Thomas L. Smith: B.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1967 and M.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1969 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bell Laboratories 1969–1982

Reliable service has been a cornerstone of customer premises communications systems for years. System 75 office communications system hardware and software have been designed to continue that high degree of reliability and availability. The hardware has been designed to detect and correct errors as they occur, to minimize the number of components that cause system outage, and to simplify fault isolation to a replaceable component. The software has been designed to recover from intermittent failures and to continue providing service with a minimum of disruption. These features have been implemented in the software as a group of processes running under a real-time operating system, which simplifies building and testing the software and makes it easy to extend its functions.

关键词： dIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

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INVERTEd dECISION TABLES ANd THEIR APPLICATION - AUTOMATING THE TRANSLATION OF SPECIFICATIONS TO programS

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第2期64卷 533-558页

作者： LEVY, LS STUMP, HT AT&T Bell Laboratories. Leon S. Levy: B.A. (Physics) 1952 Yeshiva College S.M. (Applied Science) 1955 Harvard M. E. (Applied Mathematics) 1958 Harvard Ph.D. (Computer and Information Science) 1970 University of Pennsylvania AT&T Bell Laboratories 1979—. AT&T Bell Laboratories present affiliation Bell Communications Research Inc. H. Theodore Stump: B.A. (Mathematics) 1967 Franklin and Marshall College M.S. (Applied Mathematics) 1970 Stevens Institute of Technology Bell Laboratories 1967–1976 New Jersey Bell Telephone 1976–1979 Bell Laboratories 1979–1983.

Code generation techniques are used to program an application characterized by complexity arising from many special cases, and rapid changes due to advances in the state of the art. A formal notation—an inverted decision table written in a propositional logic form—is developed as a means for allowing expert users to describe the application in a knowledge base that code generators then can use to create production code. The complete system described in the paper automatically transforms a one thousand-page specification into a running program. The development of this system is an example of the formalization of the specification of a complex application. In this case the application is a part of the Job Management Operations System, an operational support system to aid regional Bell Operating Company construction and engineering processes. The techniques described, however, can be generalized.

关键词： computer SYSTEMS programMING

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A METHOdOLOGY FOR SETTING COMBAT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 274-278页

作者： MENSH, dR The Author received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in applied physics from Loyola College in Baltimore Md. and the American University in Washington D.C. He also has completed his course work towards his Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of system analysis and computer simulation. He has been employed at the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Laboratory Silver Spring Md. for the past eighteen years in the areas of weapon system analysis and the development of weapon system simulations. Since 1978 he has been involved in the development of simulation tools that can be applied to the solution of shipboard combat system architecture and engineering problems. Currently at the White Oak Laboratory he is responsible for the application of and further development of the single ship combat system simulation.

This paper describes a methodology for setting combat system requirements for all ship classes. The requirements are determined from a battle group perspective. The methodology uses ship damage as a measure of effectiveness for setting combat system requirements. The ship damage data used was derived from the Navy tactical game (NAVTAG). The methodology that determines ship class combat system requirements consists of a set of logical steps that are iterative by design. It provides insight and valid estimates of numerical measures of defined force requirements at several levels. This process is not trivial; the expected level of effort could be significant. The method consists of five basic stages considered necessary to achieve valid results. These stages are (1) determination of force level requirements, (2) determination of force level capability, (3) analysis of force level capability, (4) determination of class requirements by battle overviews, and (5) determination of class requirements — overall. The methodology was used by the combat system master plan (CSMP) manager for determining top level combat system requirements for individual platforms in a battle group. In addition, once levels of combat system performance have been defined, this methodology generates a quantitative data base that becomes a useful tool in ship combat suite selection. Once alternate combat system suites have been defined, these suites can be analyzed in terms of combat system performance capability versus cost.

关键词： NAVAL WARFARE

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