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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： W. Wakeland J. McNames M. Aboy d. Hollemon B. Goldstein Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Complex Systems Laboratory Division of Pediatric Critical Care Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA

We describe a computer model of intracranial pressure (ICP) dynamics that evaluates clinical treatment options for elevated ICP during traumatic brain injury (TBI). The model uses fluid volumes as primary state variables and explicitly models fluid flows as well as the resistance, compliance, and pressure associated with each intra- and extracranial compartment (arteries and arterioles, capillary bed, veins, venous sinus, ventricles, and brain parenchyma). The model evaluates clinical events and therapies such as intraand extra-parenchymal hemorrhage, cerebral edema, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, mannitol administration, head elevation, and mild hyperventilation. The model is able to replicate observed clinical behavior in many cases, including elevated ICP associated with severe cerebral edema following subdural, epidural, or intraparenchymal hematoma. The model also mimics cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms that are activated during TBI.

关键词： Brain modeling Brain injuries Fluid dynamics Blood Logic Laboratories Fluid flow Medical treatment Signal processing Cranial pressure

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Significance of intracranial pressure pulse morphology in pediatric traumatc brain injury

Significance of intracranial pressure pulse morphology in pe...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： M. Aboy J. McNames d. Cuesta-Frau W. Wakeland T. Thong S. Lai B. Goldstein Biomedical Signal Processing Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Computer Vision Group ETS-Alcoi Polytechnic University of Valencia Spain Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA Biomedical Engineering OGI School of Science and Engineering Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA Complex Systems Laboratory Department of Pediatrics Oregon Health and Sciences University Portland OR USA

We investigated the relationship between the intracranial pulse pressure (ICP/sub PP/) and the mean intracranial pressure (ICP/sub M/). In adult patients, several research groups have described a linear relationship between ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/ within the range of cerebral autoregulation. Current monitoring and therapy are mainly based on the mean ICP/sub M/, since it is believed that the ICP/sub M/ contains most of the information provided by the other pulse morphology metrics. In this paper we attempt to answer whether there is further information within the ICP morphology not explained by ICP/sub M/ that might be of prognostic significance. We screened ICP records of 42 patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at doernbecher Children's Hospital for segments in which the ICP/sub M/ varied at least 5 mmHg during a 1-hour period. We found 54 segments in 9 different pediatric TBI patients (ages 0.2-17.8 years, mean=9.9 years). ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/ were calculated for each pulse using an automatic pressure detection algorithm. The coefficient of linear correlation r was > 0.70 in 43/54 segments (p < 0.001), which indicates that there exists a linear relationship between ICP/sub PP/ and ICP/sub M/. However, we found r > 0.90 only in 16/54 segments (p=NS) . This result and visual inspection of ICP/sub PP/ vs. ICP/sub M/ density plots suggest that ICP pulse pressure is not fully explained by the ICP M.

关键词： Cranial pressure Morphology Brain injuries Iterative closest point algorithm Pediatrics Patient monitoring Medical treatment Hospitals detection algorithms Inspection

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Human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the ddG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current ddG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as dd 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current ddG 51 activities. development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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A comparison of training algorithms for dHP adaptive critic neurocontrol

A comparison of training algorithms for DHP adaptive critic ...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： G.G. Lendaris T.T. Shannon A. Rustan Systems Science Ph.D. Program and Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Portland State University USA

A variety of alternate training strategies for implementing the dual heuristic programming (dHP) method of approximate dynamic programming in the neurocontrol context are explored. The dHP method of controller training has been successfully demonstrated by a number of authors on a variety of control problems in recent years, but no unified view of the implementation details of the method has yet emerged. A number of options are described for sequencing the training of the controller and critic networks in dHP implementations. Results are given about their relative efficiency and the quality of the resulting controllers for two benchmark control problems.

关键词： Neural networks Shape control dynamic programming Equations design optimization Amorphous materials design methodology Feedback loop Supervised learning Process design

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RBCA closure at dNAPL sites (vol 17, pg 78, 1998)

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1998年第4期18卷 196-196页

作者： Sheahan, JW Ball, RO Hahn, PE Hahn, MW Joseph W. Sheahan CPG is president of Ground Water Solutions Inc. (2500 Kerry St. Ste. 202 Lansing MI 48912) 346–5080 346–5179) and developer of Optimal Resource Allocation an interactive PC-based strategic planning and project management system. Sheahan is a hydrogeologist with 20 years experience in ground water quality issues and is a past president of the Michigan Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists. Ground Water Solutions Inc. specializes in the facilitation and management of projects involving subsurface contamination. Other services include analysis and communication of ground water issues peer review and litigation support. Roy O. Ball P.E. Ph.D. received his B.S. in civil engineering from the University of Florida his M.S. in environmental health engineering from the University of Texas at Austin and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering from the University of Delaware. He is a registered professional engineer in Delaware Illinois Indiana Minnesota and Wisconsin. Dr. Ball is currently a principal of ENVIRON International Corp. (750 W. Lake Cook Rd. Ste. 420 Buffalo Grove IL 60089 520–1155 520–9490) in Chicago. He has more than 25 years experience in environmental engineering and consulting primarily for industry. Dr. Ball directs numerous RI/FS and remediation activities at Superfund RCRA Corrective Action and Voluntary Cleanup Program Sites.

The closure of sites with identified or suspected dNAPL (dense nonaqueous phase liquids) under the requirements of the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), or the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) has not been well defined. With respect to RCRA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has required that all contamination must be removed at closure such that no residual risk to human health or the environment remains. Therefore, even though many states administering the RCRA program have adopted or are considering Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) procedures (including the statistical methods described in SW-846) for RCRA closure, the treatment of dNAPL is, at best, challenging. The methodology for closure in CERCLA is described in “Risk Assessment Guidelines for Super-fund (RAGS),” which requires that risks above the National Contingency Plan criteria must be remediated, preferably by on-site or in situ destruction. Most risk-based Brownfield or voluntary cleanup programs do not provide any explicit allowance for dNAPL. However, while the ASTM methodology for RBCA in E1739-95 (ASTM 1995) does not explicitly treat the problem of dNAPL, a basic framework for dNAPL assessment is implicitly provided. A uniform methodology for RBCA closure of VOC (volatile organic compounds) dNAPL sites can be used to achieve the program objectives of RCRA, CERCLA, and Brownfield or voluntary cleanup programs. The regulatory acceptance of the application of RBCA methods to dNAPL sites will require education and discussion, but the use of a uniform methodology should facilitate acceptance.

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The shape from motion approach to rapid and precise force/torque sensor calibration

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JOURNAL OF dYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT ANd CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 1997年第2期119卷 229-235页

作者： Voyles, RM Morrow, Jd Khosla, PK Robotics Ph.D. Program Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3891 Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213

We present a new technique for multi-axis force/torque sensor calibration called shape from motion. The novel aspect of this technique is that it does nor require explicit knowledge of the redundant applied load vectors, yet it retains the noise rejection of a highly redundant data set and the rigor of least squares. The result is a much faster, slightly more accurate calibration procedure. A constant-magnitude force (produced by a mass in a gravity field) is randomly moved through the sensing space while raw data is continuously gathered. Using only the raw sensor signals, the motion of the force vector (the ''motion'') and the calibration matrix (the ''shape'') are simultaneously extracted by singular value decomposition. We have applied this technique to several types of force/torque sensors and present experimental results for a 2-dOF fingertip and a 6-dOF wrist sensor with comparisons to the standard least squares approach.

关键词： Torque Calibration Gravity (Force) Signals Noise (Sound) Stress Shapes Sensors

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More on training strategies for critic and action neural networks in dual heuristic programming method

More on training strategies for critic and action neural net...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： G.G. Lendaris C. Paintz T. Shannon Systems Science & Electrical Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Electrical Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland OR USA

The article describes a modification to the usual procedures for training of critic and action neural networks in the dual heuristic programming (dHP) method (d. Prokhorov and d. Wunsch, 1996; R. Santiago, 1995; P. Werbos, 1994). This modification entails updating both the critic and the action networks at each computational cycle, rather than only one at a time. The distinction lies in the introduction of a (real) second copy of the critic network whose weights are adjusted less often and the "desired value" for training the other critic is obtained from this critic copy. Previously (G. Lendaris and C. Paintz, 1997), the proposed modified training strategy was demonstrated on the pole cart controller problem: the full 6 dimensional state vector was input to the critic and action NNs, however, the utility function only involved pole angle, not distance along the track (x). For the first set of results presented here, the 3 states associated with the x variable were eliminated from the inputs to the NNs, keeping the same utility function previously defined. This resulted in improved learning and controller performance. From this point, the method is applied to two additional problems, each of increasing complexity: for the first, an x-related term is added to the utility function for the pole cart problem, and simultaneously, the x-related states were added back in to the NNs (i.e., increase number of state variables used from 3 to 6); the second relates to steering a vehicle with independent drive motors on each wheel. The problem contexts and experimental results are provided.

关键词： Neural networks Intelligent networks Equations design methodology Sliding mode control Computer networks Vehicle driving Wheels Analytical models Signal generators

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Computer-aided design of magnetostrictive devices using Terfenol-d

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON electrical POWER 1997年第5期7卷 351-359页

作者： Benbouzid, MEH Spornic, SA Body, C [?]Dr. Mohamed El Hachemi Benbouzid (1968) SEE received the B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1990 from the Electrical Engineering Institute of Batna University Algeria the MSc. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1991 from the National Polytechnic Instituteof Grenoble France and the Ph.D. degree also in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1994 from the National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble. After graduation he joined the University of Picardie-Jules Verne France where he is Associate Professor at the Professional Institute of Amiens. His currentresearch interests include electric machines anddrives computational of electromagnetics and electromechanical actuation as well as technics for energy savings. He is actually leading a research program on the monitoring and the diagnostics of induction machine drives for the French Picardie Region. He is active in the IEEE Power Engineering Society and is the treasurer of the French Chapter of the IEEE Power Electronics Society. (Laboratoire des Systkmes Automatique Universitk de Picardie-Jules Verne 7. Rue du Moulin Neuf. F-80000 Amiens France Phone: + 33 22 827680 Fax: + 33 22 82 76 82

This paper describes a model for the non-linear magnetomechanical coupling in new highly magnetostrictive materials. This model is devoted to the Computer-Aided design of magnetostrictive devices. It is based on an iterative process of successive magnetic and mechanical computations by a the Finite Element Method. Magnetic and mechanical quantities are still coupled by the iterative process. As a matter of fact, the use of experimental data though the Surface Spline Method allows the introduction of the magnetomechanical coupling. The experimental data are collected from a specially designed sample holder devoted to the static characterization of Terfenol-d rods. Comparisons between numerical outputs from the model and the experimental data reveal that the model is quite powerful to describe the magnetomechanical coupling in highly magnetostrictive materials as Terfonal-d. Otherwise, the proposed model has been extended to take into account the magnetostrictive effect in microsystems using highly magnetostrictive thin films. Numerical computations provide in this case coherent results and show that it is able to describe the global behaviour of highly magnetostrictive microsystems.

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Shipboard controls of the future

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Naval Engineers Journal 1997年第3期109卷 143-153页

作者： Amy Jr., J.V. doerry, N.H. McCoy, T.J. Zivi, E.L. Udr. John V. Amy Jr.:USN graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a B.S.E.E. degree in 1983 and then served as antisubmarine warfare officer on USS Boone (FFG 28). He then reported to M.I.T where he earned an S. M. E. E. C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval electric power systems. An engineering duty oficez he was assistant project officer for aircraft carrier overhaul at Supervisw of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repail: USN Newport Nms Virginia assigned to the refueling complex overhaul of USS Enterprise (CVN 65) and her subsequent post-shakedown avail-ability. Presently he is the deputy program manager for the Integrated Power System (IPS) Program at the Naval Sea systems command. Udr. Norbert H. Doerry USN:graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a B.S.E.E. degree in 1983 and then served as gunnery and fire control officer on USS Deyo (DD 989). He then reported to M.I.T where he earned a S.M.E.E.C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval electrical power systems. An engineering duty officer he was assigned to the Advanced Surfme Machinery Programs for the development athe Integrated Power System from 1992 to 1995. Presently he is assistant project officer for aircrafi carrier construction at Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair: USN Newport News Virginia. LCdr. Timothy J. McCoy USN:graduated from the Univer-sity of Illinois with a B.S. degree in marine engineering in 1982. He was cmnmissirmed in 1985 and served as jrst lieuten-ant and communications officer on USS John Young (DD 973). He then was assigned to Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair USN San Diego California as repair ship superin-tendent repair project manager and new construction ship superintendent. Subsequently he attended M.I.T earning a S.M.E.E.C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval engineering. Presently he is assigned to Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment where he works as the technical manager f

Recent advances in computer networking and control system technologies present an opportunity to improve the capability of naval shipboard control systems. Most existing digital machinery control systems merely replace one-for-one their analog predecessors. These recent advances motivate rethinking the basic role and architecture of shipboard controls. Traditional machinery system control has remained largely separate from combat systems and other ship information systems. Existing machinery control systems have concentrated on four functions: machinery status, control, system stability, and fault response. To implement these functions, custom systems have been designed, built and debugged for each class of ship. This lack of commonality has been expensive in terms of development costs, maintenance costs over the lifetime of the ship, and also the unrealized benefits stemming from prohibitive costs of adapting machinery controls to take advantage of emerging technologies. This paper proposes a new paradigm for developing a shipboard control system based upon a functional decomposition of ships' missions that leads to defining technology independent interface standards. Multiple vendors may be able to independently develop control system hardware and software elements adhering to such interface standards without a priori knowledge of a particular ship application, leading to the ability to develop a total ship control system with low risk by integrating proven hardware and software elements to meet specific ship design requirements. With this new concept, other functions not normally associated with machinery controls are feasible: spontaneous reconfiguration after a damage event, integrated training, condition based maintenance planning, data archiving, operator assistance, and configuration management. This new approach may also allow for the integration of machinery controls into a total ship control system with seamless support for combat systems. This new shipbo

关键词： Naval vessels

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&d community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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