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Bioactive compounds from tropical fruit by-products: Extraction, characterization and therapeutic potential

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 2025年 21卷

作者： Otero-Guzman, Niza Andrade-Pizarro, Ricardo Ph.D. Program in Food Science and Technology Universidad de Córdoba Cra. 6 #77-305 Córdoba Montería Colombia

The processing of tropical fruits generates large amounts of residues, such as peels or seeds, with great nutraceutical potential due to their high content of bioactive compounds: polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-obesity properties. However, there are several challenges associted with the efficient extraction and accurate characterization of these compounds, including the complexity of plant matrices, variability in compound polarity, and the need for scalable, eco-friendly methods that preserve their bioactivity. This review highlights the bioactive composition, the most important and studied therapeutic properties of the by-products of different tropical fruits such as mango, pineapple, and avocado, and the main extraction, identification, and characterization techniques of these compounds. A scientific surveillance analysis of studies published on the last 5 years revealed a 67.6 % increase in research activity, with a growing emphasis on green extraction technologies—such as ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and supercritical fluid extraction— and the use of emerging solvents like natural deep eutectic solvents. Moreover, there is increasing interest in optimizing extraction conditions and in validating the functional potential of bioactive compounds through in vitro digestion and bioavailability assays. These trends underscore the strategic relevance of tropical fruit by-products as a sustainable source of functional compounds. The integration of clean technologies, optimization and scale-up strategies, and advanced analytical methods supports their valorization and promotes the development of high value-added nutraceuticals aligned with circular economy principles and public health objectives. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Antioxidants Bioaccessibility Green technologies Health benefits phytochemicals

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ISOMORphISMS OF SPENCER-BROWNS LAWS OF FORM ANd VARELA CALCULUS FOR SELF-REFERENCE

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS 1981年第4期6卷 239-255页

作者： SCHWARTZ, dG [a]Systems Science Ph.D. Program Portland State University Portland Oregon U.S.A.

Exact isomorphisms with formal systems which employ the standard linguistic notations are established for Spencer-Brown's primary algebra and F. J. Varela's calculus for self-reference. The primary algebra is “essentially isomorphic” with classical propositional calculus, and the calculus for self-reference translates isomorphically into an axiomatization of S. C. Kleene's three-valued logic of partial recursion. This correlates Varela's “autonomy” with “total recursive undecidabilily,” and it suggests the use of Kleene-Varela type systems for discussing “mechanically unknowable” or empirically untestable system properties.

关键词： Laws of form self-reference paradox many-valued logics recursive undecidability mechanical unknowability

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Comparative metabolomics of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitors in pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L

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Botanical studies 2025年第1期66卷 13页

作者： Yun-Han Wang Ta-Wei Liu Sui-Wen Hsiao Man-Hsiu Chu Tzong-Huei Lee Su-Jung Hsu Shih Yin Chen Ching-Kuo Lee Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 110 Taiwan. School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 110 Taiwan. Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 11031 Taiwan. Institute of Fisheries Science National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan. School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 110 Taiwan. juliahsu@ntu.edu.tw. Institute of Fisheries Science National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan. juliahsu@ntu.edu.tw. Xantho Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Rm ER15 17F.-1 No. 3 Yuanqu St. Nangang Dist. Taipei City 11503 Taiwan (R.O.C.). Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 110 Taiwan. cklee@tmu.edu.tw. School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 110 Taiwan. cklee@tmu.edu.tw. Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 11031 Taiwan. cklee@tmu.edu.tw. Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 11031 Taiwan. cklee@tmu.edu.tw. School of Food Safety Taipei Medical University 250 Wu Xin Street Taipei 11031 Taiwan. cklee@tmu.edu.tw. Department of Chemistry Chung Yuan Christian University 200 Zhongbei Road Zhongli District Taoyuan 32023 Taiwan. cklee@tmu.edu.tw.

BACKGROUNd:Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract has demonstrated potential against Alzheimer's disease (Ad) and diabetes mellitus (dM). This study introduces a rapid dereplication and comparative approach to identify and characterize acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase inhibitors in mangosteen pericarp. Using protein-subtraction, MS profiling, and computational modeling is effective for screening, identifying, and analyzing enzyme-inhibiting compounds from plant sources, and quantitative analysis of the main components has been performed. RESULTS:The Mangosteen pericarp extract observed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and AChE, with IC50 values of 31.02 and 70.56 µg/mL, respectively. By comparing profiles of protein-subtracted extracts with non-treated extracts, eight potential inhibitors for each enzyme were identified: 8-desoxygartanin, gartanin, 3-isomangostin, β-mangostin, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, γ-mangostin, α-mangostin, and garcinone E. The α-mangostin was the most abundant, comprising 39.589% of the extract. Molecular docking revealed these inhibitors target the peripheral anionic site of AChE and the active site of α-glucosidase, forming key hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions. CONCLUSION:This study emphasizes mangosteen pericarp as a promising natural source of these inhibitors, with potential for use in developing nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. The study validated a systems biology approach by applying dereplication and comparative UPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolomics profiling to identify target-binding molecules in both protein-treated and untreated plant extracts. Further confirmation was obtained through molecular docking predictions, mechanism analysis, and compound quantification assays.

关键词： Acetylcholinesterase Comparative metabolomics dereplication Mangosteen (Garciniaman gostana L) α-glucosidase

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development of BACE2-IN-1/tranylcypromine-based compounds to induce steroidogenesis-dependent neuroprotection

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Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy 2025年 183卷 117851-117851页

作者： Banerjee, Suddhasatwa Hsu, Ying-Ting Nguyen, duc-Hieu Yeh, Shiu-Hwa Liou, Ke-Chi Liu, Jr-Jiun Liou, Jing-Ping Chuang, Jian-Ying School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Taipei 11031 Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli County 35053 Taiwan TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience Taipei Medical University New Taipei City 23564 Taiwan TMU Research Center of Neuroscience Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80780 Taiwan

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a significant burden on global healthcare systems, especially affecting younger populations, where it is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Current treatments for TBI mainly focus on preventing further brain damage and controlling symptoms. However, despite these approaches, several clinical needs remain unmet. Revelations from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) performed to determine cell-type heterogeneity and gene expression changes in brain tissue indicated that brain trauma increases the expression of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSd1) and secretase 2 (BACE2). To capitalize on this finding, a medicinal chemistry campaign was conducted to pragmatically insert tranylcypromine, an LSd1 inhibitor, into a carefully designed BACE2 inhibitory template (BACE2-IN-1). Additionally, tranylcypromine was structurally modified to enhance the effects of LSd1 inhibition in TBI. As a result, a tractable neuroprotective agent, BACE2-IN-1/tranylcypromine-based compound 4, was identified, showing potential to maintain Neuro-2a cell survival by alleviating mitochondrial damage after oxidative stress. Compound 4 also restored TBI-mediated inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway (mevalonate pathway) and damage of redox metabolism, increasing neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, behavioral assays, including nest-building and cognitive performance tests, demonstrated significant improvement in mice post-TBI following treatment with compound 4. Taken together, the outcomes of this study validate the favorable effects of inhibiting LSd1 and beta-secretase in mitigating mitochondrial stress and promoting neurometabolic recovery in TBI. These findings pave the way for the development of rationally designed inhibitors as promising neuroprotective agents, potentially addressing unmet clinical needs in TBI treatment. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Beta-secretase LSd1 Oxidative stress Sterol biosynthesis Tranylcypromine Traumatic brain injury

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Prediction tools for assessing functional impacts of gene mutations in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A comparative study

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年第Pt A期192卷 110187-110187页

作者： Yang, Cheng-Hong Lin, Guan-Cheng Wu, Chih-Hsien Chen, Jin-Bor Chuang, Li-Yeh Department of Information Management Tainan University of Technology Tainan Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center Kaohsiung Taiwan Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan Taiwan

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a well-known malignancy characterized by specific gene mutations that elevate its occurrence. It can be categorized into clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC, which account for approximately 85 % of all primary RCC cases. The mutations typically involve single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) that lead to amino acid substitutions, which influence various biological functions, including gene expression. Therefore, predicting the functional consequences of RCC-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including substitutions, insertions, deletions, and duplications, is crucial for the effective clinical management of RCC. In recent years, the accessibility and popularity of tools for predicting SNP functional variations have grown, especially in research concerning the potential risks associated with key gene mutations in cancer. Accordingly, this study focused on commonly mutated genes in ccRCC, namely VHL, BAP1, PBRM1, and SETd2. Public data from sources such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the National Center for Biotechnology Information were used to identify 61 gene mutation positions. Nine nonsynonymous mutation prediction tools were used for analysis, namely SIFT, Polyphen-2, Mutation Assessor, Fathmm, MutPred, CHASM, Revel, Provean, and SNP&GO. The tools were evaluated by their statistical performance, prediction distribution, and receiver operating characteristic curves. The three tools with the highest accuracy for predicting the functional consequences of mutations in the four frequently mutated genes associated with ccRCC were SIFT (accuracy of 0.75), Provean (0.7), and Polyphen-2 (0.69). These findings offer valuable insights into predicting ccRCC-related gene mutation effects, but further research and validation are essential to support their clinical applications. © 2025

关键词： Transcription

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Optical sensor for dissolved ammonia by embedding eosin Y in cellulose acetate and silicone rubber via the phase inversion method

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Microchemical Journal 2025年 213卷

作者： Putro, dimas Trio Sari, desy Purnama Chu, Cheng-Shane International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301 Taiwan Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301 Taiwan

This study presents the phase inversion method for fabricating a new optical sensing membrane designed for dissolved ammonia detection. Eosin Y was embedded into composite materials of cellulose acetate (CA) and silicone rubber to enhance optical performance and modify the membrane structure. Sensing performance was evaluated using luminescence quenching, which involved measuring changes in both intensity and wavelength. The fabricated membrane exhibited a microporous structure with pore diameters ranging from 1 to 10 µm, a quenching response (I₀/I₄₀₀) of 15.15, a response time (↓t₉₀) of 53 s, and effective detection at a concentration of 400 mM, a room temperature (20–25 °C), and ph 6.02, with sensing response slightly decreasing at elevated temperatures (up to 50 °C) and at ph 3.17 and 9.29. The nonlinear quenching response plot was converted into a linear form using the decibel (dB) formula, significantly improving linearity (R² = 0.9862). The membrane also exhibited excellent selectivity and the ability to detect in both gas and dissolved phases. Additionally, the sensing mechanism was investigated, revealing a combination of static and dynamic quenching, which led to an intensity decrease and a bathochromic shift of 16.56 nm. These findings highlight the potential of the developed optical sensor for rapid and highly selective ammonia monitoring in various environments. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Bathochromic shift dissolved ammonia detection Eosin Y Optical sensing membrane phase inversion method

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Assessing the effect of different natural dissolved organic matters on the cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with bacteria

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2016年第10期28卷 230-236页

作者： Xiaojia He donee' McAlliser Winfred G. Aker Huey-min Hwang Department of Biology Jackson State University Jackson MS 39217 USA Environmental Science Ph.D. Program Jackson State University Jackson MS 39217 USA

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles （TiO2 NPs） are among the most widely manufactured nanomaterials on a global scale. However, prudent and vigilant surveillance, incumbent upon the scientific community with the advent of new technologies, has revealed potentially undesirable effects of TiO2 NPs on biological systems and the natural environment during their application and discharge. Such effects are likely best evaluated by first assessing the fate of the TiO2 NPs in natural environments. In this study, the effects of terrestrial humic acid （HA） and tannic acid （TA）, two major members of the collective： dissolved organic matter （dOM）, on the cytotoxicity of TiO2 NPs to Escherichia coli were investigated in the presence and absence of natural sunlight. Qualitative （transmission electron microscopy （TEM）） and quantitative （LCso） analyses were employed in this study. In addition, the production of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the form of .OH was further assessed-as HA or TA increased the production of ROS decreased. The inhibition of bacterial viability in the light treatment groups, with respective treatment organics at concentrations of 10 ppm, was less in TA than in terrestrial HA. SAS was used to analyze the treatment effect of individual factors of light irradiation, dOM, and concentration of TiO2 NPs.

关键词： TiO2 nanoparticlesHumic acid Tannic acid CytotoxicityROS

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Graphene quantum dot-decorated TiO2 nanowires/nanotubes: enhanced photocatalysis for methylene blue and pesticide degradation

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Applied physics A: Materials science and Processing 2025年第4期131卷

作者： Uyen, Ngo Ngoc Tu, Ly Anh Le, phuoc Huu Faculty of Applied Science Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology-VNUHCM 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street District 10 Ho Chi Minh70000 Viet Nam Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies and International Ph.D. Program in Plasma and Thin Film Technology Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei243303 Taiwan Department of Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Basic Sciences Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street Can Tho94000 Viet Nam

In this study, TiO2 nanowires/nanotubes (TiO2 WT) and graphene quantum dots-decorated TiO2 WT (GQds/TiO2 WT) were fabricated using a combination of anodic oxidation and hydrothermal methods. Both TiO2 WT and GQds/TiO2 WT exhibited anatase phase with preferred orientations along the (101), (004), (112), (200), and (105) planes. The TiO2 WT displayed a well-defined, uniform structure comprising nanotube arrays with an average diameter of ~ 100 nm and a length of ~ 4.8 μm, covered by nanowires with lengths of 2.5–3.5 μm. Amorphous GQds were successfully decorated onto TiO2 WT at various loading levels, as confirmed by XRd, SEM, HRTEM, EdS, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. GQds/TiO2 WT demonstrated photocatalytic activity approximately twice as high as TiO2 WT for degrading methylene blue (MB) and pesticides, including methiocarb (MTC), carbofuran (CBF), and dimethoate (dMT). The photodegradation rates achieved for GQds-2/TiO2 WT were 1.336 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for MB, 20.3 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for CBF, 121 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for MTC, and 21.8 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for dMT. The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of improved photogenerated electron-hole separation and extended light absorption compared to bare TiO2. Stability tests over four cycles of MB degradation showed ~ 80% retention of photocatalytic efficiency, indicating excellent reusability and structural stability. These results highlight the potential of GQds/TiO2 WT as a robust and efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation, particularly for degrading organic pollutants and pesticides under UV-Vis illumination. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Nanowires

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Second harmonic Bessel-Gauss beam shaping with elliptic axicon aberrations

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physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 013012-013012页

作者： Tianhong Wang Finn Buldt Pascal Bassène Saad Bin Ali Reza Edwin Fohtung Thomas A. Searles Chiu Tai Law Moussa N'Gom Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Troy New York 12180 USA The Shirley Ann Jackson Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Center for Materials Devices and Integrated Systems (CMDIS) Low center RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering RPI Troy New York 12180 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 60607 USA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2102 USA

The second harmonic (SH) of an axicon generated Bessel-Gauss beam is created through the nonlinear interaction of photons with a crystal, resulting in the energy doubling of the output photons. In this work, we show experimentally that in addition to frequency doubling, the SH of Bessel-Gauss beams under asymmetric aberrations from an elliptic axicon exhibit intriguing beam formation. Particularly, the central region of the SH beam profile is composed of two central spots of various geometries surrounded by nested ellipses; one of which is the configuration of two central gamma dots with similar radius knotted by nested ellipses for a zeroth-order Bessel-Gauss pump. These SH beams consistently maintain their spatial profile throughout propagation, reminiscing the behavior of screw dislocations in wave patterns. Our numerical simulations produce beam dynamics consistent with that of experiments and further implicate the remarkable interweaving of bright spots with dark vortices. This is especially noticeable when the beams dynamically oscillate along the optical axis, resulting in the genesis of spatially polarized beams with a knotted framework. The insights gained from our study establish a novel paradigm for exploring interactions of Bessel-like beams with vortex dynamics. This, in turn, has the potential to spark innovations in optical applications, fostering new methodologies to harness and manipulate complex light structures. Our experimental findings could spur new methods of generating logical states of light and new opportunities for material processing control.

关键词： Aberrations

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Impact of transient liquid phase bonding on CuFeNiMnTi high entropy alloy: A microstructural and mechanical perspective

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physica B: Condensed Matter 2025年 712卷

作者： Hosseini, S.H. Adabavazeh, Z. Karimzadeh, F. Abbasi, M.H. Department of Materials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan*** Iran Ph.D. Program Graduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411030 Taiwan

High-entropy alloys exhibit unique properties but face challenges in permanent joining, particularly in maintaining mechanical integrity. Transient liquid phase bonding offers an efficient solution using a controlled solidifying interlayer. This study investigates the effect of bonding temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CuFeNiMnTi HEA joints using AWS BNi-2 and pure copper interlayers. Bonding was conducted at 980 °C, 1030 °C, and 1080 °C for 30 min. The HEA was cast using vacuum induction melting and heat-treated at 940 °C for 5 h. Samples underwent polishing, cleaning, and bonding in a furnace. Mechanical performance was assessed through microhardness and shear strength tests, while SEM and XRd characterized the diffusion-affected and isothermally solidified zones. AWS BNi-2 improved microstructural uniformity and increased joint strength from 200 MPa to over 350 MPa, achieving 91 % of the base metal's shear strength. These results confirm its effectiveness in optimizing HEA bonding for high-strength applications. © 2025

关键词： Microhardness

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