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Friction stir welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy: A review

Materials Today: Proceedings 2021年 47卷 6576-6584页

作者： Ashish M. desai Bharat C. Khatri Vivek Patel Harikrishna Rana Mechanical Engineering Department Government Polytechnic Himatnagar 383001 India Ph.D. Research Scholar Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad 382424 Gujarat India Mechanical Engineering Department Government Engineering College Modasa 383315 India Department of Engineering Science University West Trollhättan 46186 Sweden Mechanical Engineering Department School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Gandhinagar 382007 India Mechanical Engineering Department LDRP Institute of Technology & Research Gandhinagar 382015 India

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been proven to be a unique and substantial development in welding technology for the last two decades. In recent times, the research and advancement in FSW and related knowledge have been emerging quickly worldwide. FSW has several benefits when welding lightweight alloys like magnesium alloys. AZ series of magnesium alloy is widely used in structural applications and have a great scope to cater to customized solutions for several industries like automotive, aerospace, railway, etc. In this review article, the basic principles of FSW along with recent developments in the field of FSW for AZ 31 magnesium alloys have been described in detail. Outlooks to foster the research are recognised.

关键词： Frictions stir welding Hardness Magnesium alloy Stir zone Tensile strength

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16-Hydroxybriaranes from the octocoral Briareum stechei

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phytochemistry Letters 2023年第1期57卷 92-95页

作者： Liu, Chia-Jung Wang, Chien-Chiao Chang, Chun-Feng Zhang, Mingzi M. Tsou, Lun Kelvin Wen, Zhi-Hong Hwang, Tsong-Long Chen, You-Ying Sung, Ping-Jyun Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium Pingtung 944401 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333323 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333323 Taiwan Division of Urology Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung 802301 Taiwan Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Zhunan 350401 Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Zhunan 350401 Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan 333008 Taiwan Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan 333324 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei 243303 Taiwan Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung 404394 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242062 Taiwan

Two new 16-hydroxybriaranes, 11-dehydroxybriavioid B (1) and 12-epi-briastecholide L (2), have been isolated from an algal-containing octocoral identified as Briareum stechei. The structures of metabolites 1 and 2 were corroborated by extensive 2d-NMR studies and comparison with literature data. Briarane 2 was found to reduce the release of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to 87.92 %, at a concentration of 10 μM. © 2023 phytochemical Society of Europe

关键词： Briarane Briareum stechei Briastecholide Briavioid iNOS

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Ultrafast absorption mechanism of oil-emulsified micelles onto ferrous absorbents with dielectrophoresis force in the presence of polarization

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2023年 460卷 132436页

作者： Huang, Chun-Yao Lin, Feng-Yen Lu, Chien-Hsing Chen, Jem-Kun Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Section 4 Keelung Road Taipei106 Taiwan Taipei Heart Institute 250 Wu-Hsing Street Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital 252 Wu-Hsing Street Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University 250 Wu-Hsing Street Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering National Central University 300 Zhongda Road Taoyuan City320317 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taichung Veterans General Hospital 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4 Taichung40705 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

Absorption and desorption rates were generally dependent on the concentration gradient from bulk to absorbents. A novel methodology based on a capacitor with an alternating electric field (AEF) is developed to accelerate the absorption and desorption rates with the frequency manipulation. Ferrous polystyrene microspheres (PISMs) are synthesized as absorbents, which could enhance the complex permittivities as well as dielectric properties. Theoretically, the attractive force and viscous force predominately determine the particle and micelles movement in the medium under an AEF. Oil-emulsified micelles (OEM) with various viscosities were selected as absorbates. Both the OEM and microspherical absorbents assembled through the external attractive force in the presence of the AEF. When the attractive force is equal to viscous force in the medium at the characteristic frequency, the optimal absorption rate could be obtained. The absorption rate constants of pseudo-first-order for OEMs under the polarization at 50 V and 120 kHz of frequency are ca. 10 times higher than that in absence of the polarization. The desorption rate as well as recycling efficiency could be also improved at 800 kHz. The ferrous PISMs with high complex permittivity prevented the damage from the AEF, which could be recycled 10 times of absorption and desorption with frequency manipulation under the AEF. Our methodology provides novel insights for ultrafast wastewater treatment. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Polarization

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Inhibition of AdAM9 promotes the selective degradation of KRAS and sensitizes pancreatic cancers to chemotherapy

Nature Cancer

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Nature Cancer 2024年第3期5卷 400-419页

作者： Huang, Yu-Kai Cheng, Wei-Chung Kuo, Ting-Ting Yang, Juan-Cheng Wu, Yang-Chang Wu, Heng-Hsiung Lo, Chia-Chien Hsieh, Chih-Ying Wong, Sze-Ching Lu, Chih-Hao Wu, Wan-Ling Liu, Shih-Jen Li, Yi-Chuan Lin, Ching-Chan Shen, Chia-Ning Hung, Mien-Chie Lin, Jaw-Town Yeh, Chun-Chieh Sher, Yuh-Pyng Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery China Medical University and Academia Sinica Taichung Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology College of Medical and Health Science Asia University Taichung Taiwan Center for Molecular Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Division of Hematology and Oncology China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine E-Da Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Medicine School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Surgery Organ Transplantation Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology China Medical University Taichung Taiwan

Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) signaling drives pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PdAC) malignancy, which is an unmet clinical need. Here, we identify a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain (AdAM)9 as a modulator of PdAC progression via stabilization of wild-type and mutant KRAS proteins. Mechanistically, AdAM9 loss increases the interaction of KRAS with plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which functions as a selective autophagy receptor in conjunction with light chain 3 (LC3), triggering lysosomal degradation of KRAS. Suppression of AdAM9 by a small-molecule inhibitor restricts disease progression in spontaneous models, and combination with gemcitabine elicits dramatic regression of patient-derived tumors. Our findings provide a promising strategy to target the KRAS signaling cascade and demonstrate a potential modality to enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy in PdAC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2024.

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Oxidation Behaviour of Al2O3-Forming Cr-Based Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Che-Jen Huang, Kai-Yu Lin, Wei-Chih Lo, Kai-Chi Hsu, Wei-Lin Gorsse, Stéphane Yeh, An-Chou Ph.D. Program in Prospective Functional Materials Industry National Tsing Hua University 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan High Entropy Materials Center National Tsing Hua University 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan University of Bordeaux CNRS Bordeaux INP ICMCB UMR 5026 PessacF-33600 France

This research focused on oxidation behaviours of Al-bearing Cr-based alloys at 1100-1400 ˚C for up to 24 hours. Experimental observations indicate that Al2O3 protective oxide formed mainly on the matrix BCC phase, and complex oxides formation occurred in the vicinity of C14 Laves phase, such as Cr2O3, AlTaO4, CrTaO4, and Ta2O5, leading to some internal Al2O3 and AlN formation. Although the increase in Al content could promote the formation of protective Al2O3, it also caused oxide spallation due to CTE mismatch. This study may provide some insights in the development of future oxidation-resistant Cr-based alloy compositions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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The Strength of Nesterov’s Extrapolation in the Individual Convergence of Nonsmooth Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Tao, Wei Pan, Zhisong Wu, Gaowei Tao, Qing Ph.D. degree with the Army Engineering University of PLA Nanjing China Diploma degree in computer science and technology PLA Information Engineering University Ph.D. degree in computer science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhengzhou China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Southwest University University of Science and Technology of China Chongqing China

The extrapolation strategy raised by Nesterov, which can accelerate the convergence rate of gradient descent methods by orders of magnitude when dealing with smooth convex objective, has led to tremendous success in training machine learning tasks. In this article, the convergence of individual iterates of projected subgradient (PSG) methods for nonsmooth convex optimization problems is theoretically studied based on Nesterov’s extrapolation, which we name individual convergence. We prove that Nesterov’s extrapolation has the strength to make the individual convergence of PSG optimal for nonsmooth problems. In light of this consideration, a direct modification of the subgradient evaluation suffices to achieve optimal individual convergence for strongly convex problems, which can be regarded as making an interesting step toward the open question about stochastic gradient descent (SGd) posed by Shamir. Furthermore, we give an extension of the derived algorithms to solve regularized learning tasks with nonsmooth losses in stochastic settings. Compared with other state-of-the-art nonsmooth methods, the derived algorithms can serve as an alternative to the basic SGd especially in coping with machine learning problems, where an individual output is needed to guarantee the regularization structure while keeping an optimal rate of convergence. Typically, our method is applicable as an efficient tool for solving large-scale l1-regularized hinge-loss learning problems. Several comparison experiments demonstrate that our individual output not only achieves an optimal convergence rate but also guarantees better sparsity than the averaged solution. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extrapolation

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dual-Targeting EGCG/NO-Supplying protein assembled nanoparticles with Multi-Synergistic effects against atherosclerosis

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Chemical engineering Journal 2024年 493卷

作者： Lin, Chi Cheng, Tsai-Mu Liu, Yun-Chun Hsu, Fang-Yu Shih, Chun-Ming Tsai, Min-Lang Shih, Chun-Che Mi, Fwu-Long Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan The PhD Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei Heart Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung20224 Taiwan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Institute of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Limited therapeutic options are available to effectively preventing atherosclerosis. Inflammatory endothelial cells, foamy macrophages, and high protease levels contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Studies have shown that catechins effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit monocyte adhesion and reduce cholesterol levels, while nitric oxide (NO) enhances endothelial function. However, due to the poor stability and bioavailability of catechins and the toxicity from the burst release of current synthetic small molecules NO donor, effective delivery of these bioactive compounds to treat atherosclerosis is still a challenge. Herein, a catechin/protein-based NO donor co-delivery nanosystem was designed for combinatorial anti-atherosclerotic therapy. We engineered a (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)/NO-releasing protein co-assembled nanocomplex based on specific catechin-protein interactions. Furthermore, the nanocomplex was surface modified with fucoidan (Fu), a sulfated polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity. This nanocomplex exhibits sensitivity to ROS, ph, and enzymes. The Fu-functionalized nanoparticles specifically accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques mediated by P-selectin on inflamed endothelial cells and scavenger receptor A (SR-A) on foamy macrophages. Under environmental stimuli that simulate the condition of plaque, the nanoparticles are readily activated to release EGCG and NO in response to excess ROS and high protease levels, exerting the multi-synergistic anti-atherosclerosic effects on reducing monocyte adhesion, promoting NO production to proliferate endothelial cells, lowering ROS levels, and decreasing the foam cell formation in vitro, and reducing lipid accumulation, plaque size, and inflammatory cytokines release in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis model in ApoE−/− mice. The integration of plaques targeting ability and multiple therapeutic functions can provide an advanced therapeutic strategy for athero

关键词： Nitric oxide

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Exploring knowledge, attitude, and intention towards advance care planning, advance directive, and the patient self-determination act among hemodialysis patients

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BMC Palliative Care 2023年第1期22卷 201-201页

作者： Tsai, Shang-Feng Chang, Ching-Yi Yang, Jia-Yi Ho, Yu-Ying Hsiao, Ching-Ching Hsu, Shu-Chuan Chen, Shih-Yun Lin, Huan-Yi Yeh, Te-Feng Chen, Cheng-Hsu Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Taichung Veterans General Hospital 160 Sec. 3 Boulevard Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Life Science Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Nursing Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Ophthalmology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Healthcare Administration Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

Background: Hemodialysis holds the highest incidence and prevalence rate in Taiwan globally. However, the implementation of advance care planning (ACP), advance directives (Ad), and patient self-determination acts (PSdA) remains limited. Our objective was to examine the current status of ACP, Ad and PSdA and potential opportunities for enhancement. Methods: We developed a novel questionnaire to assess individuals’ knowledge, attitudes, and intentions regarding ACP, Ad, and PSdA. We also collected baseline characteristics and additional inquiries for correlation analysis to identify potential factors. Student’s t-test and Analysis of Variance were employed to assess significance. Results: Initially, a cohort of 241 patients was initially considered for inclusion in this study. Subsequently, 135 patients agreed to participate in the questionnaire study, resulting in 129 valid questionnaires. Among these respondents, 76 were male (59.9%), and 53 were female (41.1%). Only 13.2% had signed Ad. A significant portion (85.3%) indicated that they had not discussed their dialysis prognosis with healthcare providers. Additionally, a mere 14% engaged in conversations about life-threatening decisions. Ninety percent believed that healthcare providers had not furnished information about ACP, and only 30% had discussed such choices with their families. The findings revealed that the average standardized score for ACP and Ad goals was 84.97, while the attitude towards PSdA received a standardized score of 69.94. The intention score stood at 69.52 in standardized terms. Potential candidates for ACP initiation included individuals aged 50 to 64, possessing at least a college education, being unmarried, and having no history of diabetes. Conclusion: Patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited a significant knowledge gap concerning ACP, Ad, and the PSdA. Notably, a substantial number of dialytic patients had not received adequate information on these subjects. Nevertheless, they display

关键词： Advance care planning (ACP) Advance directive (Ad) Attitude Hemodialysis Intention Knowledge Life-sustaining treatment Life-sustaining treatment (LST) Patient right to autonomy act Patient self-determination act (PSdA)

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Circular Economy and the Transition to a Sustainable Society: Integrated Assessment Methods for a New Paradigm

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Circular Economy and Sustainability 2021年第1期1卷 99-113页

作者： Oliveira, Mariana Miguel, Mécia van Langen, Sven Kevin Ncube, Amos Zucaro, Amalia Fiorentino, Gabriella Passaro, Renato Santagata, Remo Coleman, Nick Lowe, Benjamin H. Ulgiati, Sergio Genovese, Andrea International Ph.D. Programme “Environment Resources and Sustainable Development” Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of Napoli Centro Direzionale Isola C4 Napoli 80143 Italy Management School University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom ENEA Laboratory of Technologies for the Reuse Recycling Recovery and Valorisation of Waste and Materials Portici Research Centre Napoli Italy Department of Engineering Parthenope University of Napoli Napoli Italy Supply Chain Department Olympia Electronics Aiginio Greece Tata Steel Europe Group Sustainability HSE&Q Rotherham United Kingdom Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of Napoli Napoli Italy School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The circular economy concept has recently gained prominence in political debate and corporate discourse around the world as a pathway towards sustainability. The academic debate is characterised by several and sometimes very contrasting definitions of the concept. We claim here that the issue is not finding silver-bullet solutions that will simultaneously support population growth, increasing affluence and environmental resource regeneration. We argue that a clearer definition is needed for the circular economy concept, in terms of strategies, objectives, future states and stakeholders’ needs. Also, assessment methods need to be developed for keeping track of the transition towards a circular economy. Within this context, this paper establishes the need for a multi-stakeholder, multi-dimensional and multi-criteria approach for the evaluation of the transition towards a circular economy across different time and spatial scales, as well as multiple sustainability dimensions. © 2021, The Author(s).

关键词： Circular economy Economic transition Environmental accounting methods LCA Sustainability Wellbeing

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Unraveling the bioenergy production and electron transport characteristics of processed Rheum palmatum L. for antiviral drug development

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Industrial Crops and Products 2023年第1期195卷

作者： Tsai, Po-Wei Hsieh, Cheng-Yang Ting, Jasmine U. Rogio, Kristian Gil G. Lee, Chia-Jung de Castro-Cruz, Kathlia A. Ciou, Yi-Ru Lien, Tzu-Kuan Yang, Ling-Ling Hsueh, Chung-Chuan Chen, Bor-Yann Department of Medical Science Industries College of Health Sciences Chang Jung Christian University Tainan711 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Science De La Salle University Metro Manila1004 Philippines School of Chemical Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences Mapúa University Metro Manila1002 Philippines Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National I-Lan University I-Lan260 Taiwan American College of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine HoustonTX77063 United States

To bridge western and traditional Chinese medicine, research in Chinese medicinal herbs has become an increasing trend for discovering new effective antiviral drugs. In addition, this pioneer study disclosed that synergistic interactions of electron-mediating contents in herbal medicines through electrochemical catalysis of electron shuttles could trigger effective disease treatment via electron transport stimulation as the platform of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) indicated. Hence, this study first attempted to decipher the bioenergy-assisted action of R. palmatum L. for antiviral assessment. Several processing methods can be performed to maximize phytoconstituent extraction and efficiency that can influence the chemical profile and bioactivity of herbal samples. To generate a comparative analysis, R. palmatum L. roots are subjected to several processing methods and are evaluated through phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and dual-chambered-MFCs for bioenergy production. Molecular docking analysis of marker substances was also employed to establish the potential of R. palmatum L. for antiviral drug development. Ethanol extracts are revealed to be toxic for MFCs despite having increased phenolic compounds. Overall, vinegar-processed Rheum palmatum water extracts exhibited the highest bioenergy-stimulating capabilities and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, rhein from the same extract was found to exhibit strong binding affinities towards Flaviviridate viruses and can potentially inhibit NS5B polymerase from the Hepatitis C Virus. This study clearly suggests the potential of R. palmatum L. roots as a promising herb for antiviral drug development. This work also provided a novel protocol for prescreening candidate species for antiviral drug development. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Extraction

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