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Frailty and Other Factors Associated With Early Outcomes in Middle-to Older Age Trauma Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

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American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2024年第2期32卷 244-255页

作者： Yeh, Tian-Shin Kang, Jiunn-Horng Littlejohns, Thomas J. Wu, Chia-Chieh Chen, Jin-Hua Piravej, Krisna Chiu, Wen-Ta Lam, Carlos Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Emergency Department Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Emergency School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Data Science College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Institutional Research Center Office of Data Science Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Biostatistics Center Department of Medical Research Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Chula Neuroscience Center King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok Thailand Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan AHMC Health System Alhambra CA United States

Objectives: To prospectively investigate associations of frailty and other predictor variables with functional recovery and health outcomes in middle-aged and older patients with trauma. design: Single-center prospective cohort study. Setting: Emergency department of Wan Fang Hospital in Taiwan. Participants: Trauma patients aged 45 and older. Measurements: Frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Injury mechanisms, pre-existing diseases, and fracture locations were recorded at baseline. The primary outcome was functional recovery assessed using the Barthel Index (BI). Secondary outcomes were new care needs, unscheduled return visits, and falls 3 months postinjury. Results: A total of 588 participants were included in the final analysis. For every one-point increase in the CFS, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of failure to retain the preinjury BI was 1.34 (1.16–1.55);associations were consistent across levels of age and injury severities. Significant joint associations of frailty and age with poor functional recovery were observed. CFS was also associated with new care needs (OR for every one-point increase, 1.36, 95% CI, 1.17–1.58), unscheduled return visits (OR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.04–1.51), and falls (OR 1.23, 95% CI, 1.01–1.51). Other variables associated with failure to retain preinjury BI included road traffic accident and presence of hip fracture. Conclusion: Frailty was significantly associated with poor functional and health outcomes regardless of injury severity in middle-aged and older patients with trauma. Injury mechanisms and fracture locations were also significant predictors of functional recovery postinjury. © 2023 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

关键词： Clinical Frailty Scale Frailty functional recovery injury middle-to older age

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Radiomics in liver research: A paradigm shift in disease detection and staging

European Journal of Radiology Artificial Intelligence

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European Journal of Radiology Artificial Intelligence 2025年 2卷 100016-100016页

作者： Le, Minh Huu Nhat Kha, Hien Quang Tran, Nghia Minh Nguyen, phat Ky Huynh, Han H. Huynh, phat Kim Lam, Han Le, Nguyen Quoc Khanh International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan AIBioMed Research Group Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Translational Science and Precision Medicine Talent Cultivation Program College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan International Master Program for Translational Science College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina A&T State University USA Industrial & Management Systems Engineering Department University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA In-Service Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Translational Imaging Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 110 Taiwan

AbstractThis narrative review explores radiomics in the broader context of liver disease research, an interdisciplinary field bridging medical imaging, oncology, and data science. It begins with an introduction to data analysis techniques, from foundational methods like descriptive statistics, comparative and regression analysis, and survival analysis, to advanced approaches like machine learning (ML), meta-analysis, and bioinformatics. Contextualizing these methodologies within liver disease research enhances our understanding of liver diseases. The focus is on radiomics, an emerging field, which is first placed in historical context before its applications are explained across fatty liver diseases (FLd), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancers. The role of radiomics in early detection, disease staging, and outcome prediction, particularly as a non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy, is analyzed in-depth. Current imaging modalities for liver cancer diagnosis are also examined, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Alongside radiomics, these imaging tools enable comprehensive liver assessment. Lastly, the integration of radiomics with other data types, especially genomic data, is explored, emphasizing its role in a holistic approach to liver disease management. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on future directions and advancements in radiomics and liver cancer research, addressing the challenges and opportunities in the field. It underscores the transformative impact of these developments on liver cancer research, patient care, personalized medicine, and clinical decision-making.

关键词： AFP alpha-fetoprotein AI artificial intelligence AST aspartate transaminase AUC area under the curve CCrCC clear cell renal cell carcinoma CEUS contrast-enhanced ultrasound CNNs convolutional neural networks dCNN deep convoluted neural network dOR diagnostic odds ratio FLd fatty liver disease GWAS genome-wide association studies HCC hepatocellular carcinoma MAFLd metabolic associated fatty liver disease ML machine learning MRE magnetic resonance elastography NAFLd nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NPV negative predictive value PPV positive predictive value VCTE vibration-controlled transient elastography Radiomics Liver disease Cancer Non-invasive diagnostic techniques Presicion medicine deep learning Machine learning

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Sex-differences in the effects of indoor air pollutants and household environment on preschool child cognitive development

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science of the Total Environment 2023年 860卷 160365页

作者： Zou, Ming-Lun Huang, Hsiao-Chun Chen, Yi-Hua Jiang, Chuen-Bin Wu, Chih-da Lung, Shih-Chun Candice Chien, Ling-Chu Lo, Yu-Chun Chao, Hsing Jasmine School of Public Health College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Neuroscience Research Center Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition MacKay Children's Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Medicine MacKay Medical College New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Geomatics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Air pollution, outdoor residential environment, indoor household characteristics, and parental mental health are potential factors associated with child development. However, few studies have simultaneously analyzed the association between the aforementioned factors and preschool child (aged 2–5 years) development. This study investigated the effects of those factors on child development and their potential modifying effects. A total of 142 participants were recruited from a birth cohort study in the Greater Taipei Area, and the evaluation was conducted at each participant's home from 2017 to 2020. Child cognitive development was assessed by psychologists using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler development and the Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence. Household air pollutants, outdoor residential environment, indoor household characteristics, parental mental health, and other covariates were evaluated. Multiple regressions were used to examine the relationships between child development and covariates. Stratified analysis by child sex and parental mental health was conducted. Average indoor air pollutant levels were below Taiwan's Indoor Air Quality Standards. After adjustment for covariates, the indoor total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) level was significantly associated with poor child development (per interquartile range increase in the TVOC level was associated with a 5.1 percentile decrease in child cognitive development). Sex difference was observed for the association between TVOC exposure and child development. Living near schools, burning incense at home, purchasing new furniture, and parental anxiety were related to child development. Indoor TVOC level was associated with poor child cognitive development, specifically with the girls. Indoor and outdoor residential environment and parental anxiety interfered with child development. TVOCs should be used cautiously at home to minimize child exposure. A low-pollution living environmen

关键词： Land use

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Synthesis and biological evaluation of C-4 substituted phenoxazine-bearing hydroxamic acids with potent class II histone deacetylase inhibitory activities

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Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry 2023年第1期38卷 2212326页

作者： Jung-Chun Chu Hui-Ju Tseng Sung-Bau Lee Kai-Cheng Hsu Ling-Wei Hsin Ru-Hao Liang Tony Eight Lin Nain-Chu Gao Liang-Chieh Chen Wan-Hsun Lu Andrew H-J Wang Wei-Jan Huang Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Southern California Los Angeles California United States. Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. School of Pharmacy College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan.

Class II histone deacetylases (HdACs) are considered as potential targets to treat Alzheimer's disease (Ad). Previously, C-3 substituted phenothiazine-containing compounds with class II HdAC-inhibiting activities was found to promote neurite outgrowth. This study replaced phenothiazine moiety with phenoxazine that contains many C-3 and C-4 substituents. Some resulting compounds bearing the C-4 substituent on a phenoxazine ring displayed potent class II HdAC inhibitory activities. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds that inhibited HdAC isoenzymes was disclosed. Molecular modelling analysis demonstrates that the potent activities of C-4 substituted compounds probably arise from π-π stacked interactions between these compounds and class IIa HdAC enzymes. One of these, compound exhibited the most potent class II HdAC inhibition (IC= 3-870 nM). Notably, it protected neuron cells from HO-induced neuron damage at sub-μM concentrations, but with no significant cytotoxicity. These findings show that compound is a lead compound for further development of anti-neurodegenerative agents.

关键词： Histone deacetylase (HdAC) neuron cells phenoxazine structure-activity relationship (SAR)

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Peptide-Coated Bacteriorhodopsin-Based photoelectric Biosensor for detecting Rheumatoid Arthritis

Biosensors

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Biosensors 2023年第10期13卷 929-929页

作者： Chen, Hsiu-Mei Tsai, Yi-Hsuan Hsu, Chien-Yi Wang, Yong-Yi Hsieh, Cheng-En Chen, Jin-Hua Chang, Yu-Sheng Lin, Ching-Yu Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11696 Taiwan Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei Heart Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Data Science College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Office of Data Science Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City23561 Taiwan Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan

An effective early diagnosis is important for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. This study reveals a novel RA detection method using bacteriorhodopsin as a photoelectric transducer, a light-driven proton pump in purple membranes (PMs). It was devised by covalently conjugating a PM monolayer-coated electrode with a citrullinated-inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3)542–556 peptide that recognizes the serum RA-associated autoantibodies. The direct serum coating decreased the photocurrents in the biosensor, with the reduction in the photocurrent caused by coating with an RA-patient serum that is significantly larger than that with a healthy-control serum (38.1% vs. 20.2%). The difference in the reduction in the photocurrent between those two serum groups widened after the serum-coated biosensor was further labeled with gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-conjugated anti-IgA (anti-IgA-AuNP) (53.6% vs. 30.6%). Both atomic force microscopic (AFM) and Raman analyses confirmed the sequential peptide, serum, and anti-IgA-AuNP coatings on the PM-coated substrates. The reductions in the photocurrent measured in both the serum and anti-IgA-AuNPs coating steps correlated well with the results using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Spearman rho = 0.805 and 0.787, respectively), with both a sensitivity and specificity close to 100% in both steps. It was shown that an RA diagnosis can be performed in either a single- or two-step mode using the developed biosensor. © 2023 by the authors.

关键词： Peptides

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REGENERATION of KNEE CARTILAGE dEFECTS: HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS

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Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 2021年第1期24卷

作者： Liu, Yen-Liang Liu, Hwa-Chang The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Cancer Biology Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Taiwan Adventist Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Osteoarthritis (OA) results from aging joints, injury, and obesity, emerging as an epidemic joint disease in addition to being a significant cause of pain disability. despite decades of efforts from scientists and physicians, the trend of the global increase in the incidence of OA does not slow down. As there are no effective pharmacotherapies able to reverse the degenerative process, cell-based and biological therapies for OA were invented and developed into a thriving field of regenerative medicine for orthopedics. First, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been used to treat osteoarticular defects for over two decades. While ACI has demonstrated its capability to decelerate OA progression, there are still many issues that hamper its therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, researchers and physicians invented innovative biomaterials-assisted cell therapies, advanced surgical techniques for preserving primary chondrocytes' biological function and avoiding the donor-site mortality. Later, the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revoluted cell therapies for cartilage repair. MSCs not only provide an alternative cell source with much higher proliferation rates but also have these advantages: no donor-site mortality, non-tumorigenic, and, most importantly, the capability of chondrogenic differentiation. This review paper explores the challenges associated with OA treatments using cell-based therapies and shares our vision for the future development of regenerative medicine for cartilage. © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Cartilage regeneration Cell therapy Chondrocyte Osteoarthritis Osteonecrosis Stem cell

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Liposomal bupivacaine administration is not superior to traditional periarticular injection for postoperative pain management following total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2023年第1期18卷 206-206页

作者： Chen, Jian-Jiun Wu, Yun-Che Wang, Jun-Sing Lee, Cheng-Hung Department of Orthopedics Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Taichung Veterans General Hospital No.1650 Sec. 4 Boulevard Taichung 40705 Taiwan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Taichung Veterans General Hospital No.1650 Sec. 4 Boulevard Taichung 40705 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Food Science and Technology Hung Kuang University Taichung Taiwan

Background: Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is a relatively new formulation that slowly releases bupivacaine to extend its efficacy for 72–96 h. It is inconclusive whether LB offers better efficacy than traditional periarticular injection (TPAI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched using electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of science. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for calculations. Results: Sixteen RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. LB had better effects on morphine consumption equivalents during postoperative 24–48 h than TPAI. No significant difference was observed in pain relief, incidence of nausea and vomiting, or length of hospital stay between the two groups. Conclusion: LB administration during TKA is not superior to TPAI. Studies with larger sample size are needed to validate our findings. PROSPERO registration number: CRd42022355094. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Liposomal bupivacaine Total knee arthroplasty Traditional periarticular injection

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Ultrasensitive and selective electrochemical detection of hydroquinone using electropolymerized 7-amino cephalosporanic acid modified GCE

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Surface and Coatings technology 2025年 512卷

作者： H. Sathya Pandiaraja Varatharajan M.A. Ashkar M. Chandhru Mani Govindasamy S. Kutti Rani N. Vasimalai Department of Chemistry B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600 048 India International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan Department of Physics B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai 600 048 India Centre for Applied Research Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan

Industrial wastewater pollution harms ecosystems and hinders sustainable development growth. Particularly, hydroquinone (HQ) has transitioned from a commercial chemical to an environmental hazard because of its extensive use in beauty products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and food industries. Therefore, developing electrochemical sensors for the detection of HQ is very important for environmental safety. Herein, the 7-ACA monomer was electropolymerized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface to examine the electrochemical oxidation of HQ utilizing CV (cyclic voltammetry) and dPV (differential pulse voltammetry) techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization verified the deposition of the p-7-ACA on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The designed p-7-ACA@GCE sensor exhibited better electrocatalytic properties. The acquired dPV observations for the p-7-ACA@GCE demonstrated excellent limit of detection (LOd) 8.86 nmol L −1 and broad linear range (0.33 μM to 955 μM) for the detection of HQ. The developed sensor exhibits excellent repeatability, reproducibility, selectivity and better cyclic stability. In addition, the fabricated p-7-ACA@GCE was used to determine the HQ in a different environmental water sample.

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Highly efficient capture of E. coli using amidoximated polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane immobilized with reactive green 19 dye/polyhexamethylene biguanide: Antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies

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Separation and Purification technology 2024年 338卷

作者： Quang-Vinh Le Bing-Lan Liu Penjit Srinophakun Jeng-Ywan Shih Chi-Yun Wang Chen‑Yaw Chiu Shen-Long Tsai Kuei-Hsiang Chen Yu-Kaung Chang Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City 10607 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung 413310 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Kasetsart University 50 Ngamwongwan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan Bone and Joint Research Centre Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City 333423 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Zhongli Dist. Taoyuan City 320315 Taiwan

In this study, we synthesized an amidoximated polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane (P-Oxime). Subsequently, we grafted reactive green 19 (RG19) dye onto its surface, resulting in the formation of the P-Oxime-RG19 membrane. Further enhancement was achieved by physically attaching poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (phMB) to the P-Oxime-RG19 membrane, leading to the formation of the P-Oxime-RG19-phMB membrane. Extensive characterization of the nanofiber membranes was conducted, focusing on crucial physical and mechanical properties such as functional group content, morphology, and thermostability. The optimization of various modification conditions, including initial dye and phMB concentrations, duration, temperature, and nitrile group conversion to oxime concentrations, played a pivotal role in achieving superior antibacterial performance in P-Oxime-RG19-phMB nanofiber membranes. In-depth analyses involved the application of kinetic and equilibrium thermodynamic models to unravel the modification processes of RG19 dye and phMB in the nanofiber membranes. Under the carefully tuned optimal modification conditions, the P-Oxime-RG19-phMB nanofiber membrane exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy, achieving nearly 100% disinfection of E. coli . In addition to exploring its antimicrobial capabilities, we thoroughly examined the repeatability and biocompatibility of the nanofiber membranes. The results indicated not only the P-Oxime-RG19-phMB nanofiber membrane was a highly promising antibacterial material but also highlighted its potential for diverse applications, particularly in food and textile fabrication, owing to its exceptional performance and suitability.

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Spatiotemporal variation and clustered routes of atmospheric speciated mercury transported from the East and West Channels of Taiwan Island to South China Sea

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Atmospheric Research 2025年 325卷

作者： Mei-Yun Xiao Wen-Hsi Cheng Yu-Lun Tseng Po-Hsuan Yen Chung-Shin Yuan Jia-Yi Zhao Ming-Shiou Jeng Institute of Environmental Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Taiwan ROC Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology College of Maritime National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan ROC Net Zero Emissions and Resource Recycling Technology Research Center National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Nangang Taipei City Taiwan ROC Green Island Marine Research Station Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Green Island Taitung County Taiwan ROC

This study investigated the spatiotemporal variation and long-range transport characteristics of atmospheric speciated mercury (ASM) along the West and East Channels surrounding Taiwan Island toward the South China Sea (SCS) in East Asia. Field sampling was conducted at three remote island sites, and potential sources of ASM were examined using backward trajectory clustering and regional fire maps. Seasonally, ASM concentrations followed the order: spring > winter > fall > summer, with higher ASM levels observed in the western waters of Taiwan Island than those in the eastern waters. Among the mercury species, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was predominant, and followed by particulate-bound mercury (PBM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), with total gaseous mercury (TGM = GEM+GOM) accounting for 92.1–98.4 % of ASM. Clustered trajectory analysis indicated that Asian Northeastern Monsoons (ANMs) may transport ASMs originating from continental sources in North and East Asia to the island sites via long-range transport. Slash-and-burn activities in the Indochina Peninsula and mainland China during spring and winter contributed to elevated ASM levels. The West Channel exhibited a pronounced “channel effect,” amplifying industrial emissions across the Taiwan Strait and resulting in higher ASM levels at the Penghu Islands. Conversely, the East Channel received diluted air masses through long-range transport from the Korean Peninsula and North China via Green Island and the Bashi Channel, leading to relatively lower ASM levels at the dongsha Island. Overall, this study highlights the importance of seasonal circulation patterns and regional combustion sources in shaping mercury distribution in the marine boundary layer of East Asia.

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