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Fundamental theory of natural observation method with complete reconstruction property by finite sum - Natural observation theory of normal type

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNdAMENTAL ELECTRONIC science 1996年第11期79卷 84-96页

作者： Iijima, T Iwaki, M Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan 923-12 Taim Iijima received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1957. He was involved in research on electromagnetic theory pattern recognition theory image processing speech recoption and OCR research development. He became Chief of Densoken Iijima Special Research Group and then Professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972. He was Professor Emeritus in 1986 Professor at Tokyo Engineering University in 1986 Professor Emeritus in 1993 Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 1993 Vice President of the Institute in 1994 Editinghvestigation/General Affairs Secretary Inspector Councilor Chairman of Pattern Recognition Research Committee Head of Tokyo Region Vice President at I.E.I.C.E. Japan and became Honorary Member in 1993. He received the Paper Award four times Authorship Award once Achievement Award in 1976 Meritorious Award in 1989 and the Purple-Ribbon Prize in 1989.

A theory of natural observation methods was originally formulated for two complementary systems: neighboring type and equilibrium type. This paper introduces a new system, normal-type system, that is different from the forementioned two types. One characteristic feature of the normal-type natural observation method is its ability to reconstruct an original waveform from the sum of a finite number of observation values. The natural observation theory of a normal type evolves naturally under the condition that a waveform and its power component can be expressed in the sum form. These meanings are discussed by comparing a frequency response of the normal-type natural observation transform with that of a conventional filter bank. Furthermore, a criterion for determining observation parameters in order to realize the natural observation of normal type under a given tolerance of error is described. It is believed that the proposed theory offers new insights into systematization of the natural observation theory.

关键词： natural observation method neighboring type equilibrium type normal type

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The figure source equation and its physical consideration

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SYSTEMS ANd COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第9期27卷 83-93页

作者： Aoki, Y Iijima, T Member Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Ishikawa Japan 923 Yasubim Aoki:graduated from the University of Kanazawa Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science in 1992 and received his Master's degree in 1994 from the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Department of Information Science where he is currently in the doctoral program engaged in research on pattern recognition. Honorary Member Taizo lijima:graduatedwith a B.E. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and received his Ph.D. degree later. He joined the Electro-Technical Laboratories in 1948 and since then has been involved in research on electromagnetic theory and pattern recognition theory image processing voice recognition and research and development of OCR. After serving as the head of Iijima Special Research Laboratories he became Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1986. He because Professor Emeritus of that institute in 1986. He became Professor at Tokyo Engineering University and Professor Emeritus there in 1991. In 1991 he became Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and was appointed Vice President of the institute in 1992. He served successively as editor examiner secretary of general affairs inspector counsel committee-head of pattern recognition and specialized studies head of Tokyo chapter and vice president of this institute. In 1991 he became Honorary Member. He received the Paper Award from the Institute four times and the Literary Works Award once. He received the Achievement Award and the Distinguished Service Award in 1976 and 1989 respectively. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor in 1989.

Theoretical studies on Iijima's ''Theory of Pattern Recognition,'' which is known as a method of multiple similarity, have shown clearly that there are situations when it is difficult to determine the viewpoint and visual field, important parameters to introduce topological aspects into the pattern space, observing a figure itself. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes transforming the observed image from a figure f(r) to a second-order differential image rho(r), called ''figure source.'' The aim is to reconstruct the theory in such a way as to enable the application of similarity evaluation methods as in the conventional case, without compromising the current theory, and all the necessary proofs are given. In this paper, the figure source equation as well as rules representing its properties are developed, and several related physical quantities are redefined.

关键词： figure source determination of viewpoint and visual field second-order differential image theory reconstruction figure source equation

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The use of invertebrates in ground water monitoring: A rising research field

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1996年第2期16卷 103-113页

作者： Malard, F Plenet, S Gibert, J Florian Malard (Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory University of Lyon I Bat. 403 43 Bd du 11 Nov. 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France) graduated from the Agricultural Engineering College of Dijon in 1989. He joined the Geography Department of Loughborough University of Technology in 1989 the Ecology Laboratory of the University of Dijon in 1991 the Hydrogeology Laboratory of the University of Montpellier in 1992 and the Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory of the University of Lyon I in 1993. He received an M.Sc. degree and a Ph.D. in hydrobiology from the University of Lyon I in 1991 and 1995 respectively. His most recent work has been in the field of organic contamination of karstic aquifers as related to ground water invertebrates. Sandrine Plenet (Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory University of Lyon I Bat. 403 43 Bd du 11 Nov. 1918 69 622 Villeurbanne France) received her Ph.D. in hydrobiology from the University of Lyon in 1993 where she is currently an assistant lecturer. Her research interest is the influence of environmental variables on the dynamics of invertebrate communities with special emphasis on the impact of contaminants such as heavy metals on interstitial invertebrate assemblages. From 1991 to 1993 her work involved the search for indicator species of ground water contamination within the framework of a French Water Agency environmental program. Janine Gibert (Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory University of Lyon I Bat. 403 43 Bd du 11 Nov. 1918 69 622 Villeurbanne France) is a professor at the University of Lyon I. She is also head of the Freshwater and River Ecology Research Unit 1974 of the C.N.R.S. and head of the Groundwater Hydrobiology and Ecology Laboratory of the University of Lyon I. She is engaged in collaborative research projects on a wide range of issues exploring ground water ecology in the perspective of environmental sustainability. She is involved in international programs on the ecology and management of aquat

The use of invertebrates as biomonitors of ground water quality is a relatively new approach that has come of age with the development of ground water ecology. The benefits of such an approach are illustrated by four examples of field biomonitoring from several sites in various hydrogeological settings. Contamination of the interstitial zone by heavy metals in some sectors of the Rhone River (France) was shown by the scarcity of insect species;sewage pollution in the saturated zone of a karstic aquifer was indicated by the low relative abundances of stygobites as compared with those of stygophiles and stygoxenes;and enrichment with organic matter of an underflow was dearly demonstrated by the extremely high density of ground water invertebrates such as oligochaetes, ostracods, and isopods. Examination of the spatial changes in the composition and abundance of invertebrate assemblages was also useful in determining the direction and intensity of water fluxes between a river and its underflow, as well as in delineating the reduced or oxidized zones in a manganese-polluted aquifer. Finally, the selected case studies emphasized the variety of methodological approaches that could be developed in ground water contamination biomonitoring, as well as the complementary and sometimes new information provided by this innovative method in comparison with that obtained by conventional pollution monitoring techniques.

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Proof Method for correctness of refinements of algebraic specification in abstract sequential machine style

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SYSTEMS ANd COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第5期27卷 25-38页

作者： Okano, K Higashino, T Taniguchi, K Member Faculty of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Japan 560 Teruo Hipshino received his B.E. M.E.and Ph.D. degrees in Information and Computer Sciences from Osaka University Osaka Japan in 1R9 1981 and 1984 respectively. He joined the Faculty of Osaka University in 1984. Since 1991 he has been an Associate Professor in the Department of Information and Computer Sciences at Osaka University. In 1990 he was a Visiting Researcher of Dept. I.R.O. at University of Montreal Canada. His current research interests include design and analysis of distributed systems specification and verification of communication protocols and formal approach of program design. He is a member of IEEE-CS ACM IEICE of Japan and IPS of Japan.

In this paper, new methods for providing the correctness of refinement among abstract sequential machine style programs are described. The programs are described in algebraic language ASL using some useful notions, i.e., the extended projection and the valid reachability condition for each transition function. These notions allow a designer to refine a given text (program or specification) to a concrete text more freely than the text that does not use such notions. These notions can also enhance the expressive power of the text. On the other hand, these advantages would have lost half their values, if useful methods to prove the correctness of refinement among the texts using them are not found. Thus new methods for proving the correctness of the texts are proposed, and they do not require much proof loads. First, the correctness of refinement among the ASL texts with the extended projection is defined. Second, a method is proposed for proving the correctness of refinement among such texts. Also proposed is a definition of the correctness of refinement among the texts with the valid reachability conditions and a method to prove their correctness. These methods do not require more proof loads than the usual methods for the texts that do not use such notions in the abstract sequential machine style. Therefore, these methods are useful.

关键词： abstract sequential machine ASL language proof algebraic specification

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Measuring productivity of software projects: A data envelopment analysis approach

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dECISION scienceS 1996年第1期27卷 57-80页

作者： Mahmood, MA Pettingell, KJ Shaskevich, AI Information and Decision Sciences University of Texas–El Paso El Paso TX 79968 E-mail: mmahmood@mail.utep.edu Information and Decision Sciences University of Texas–El Paso El Paso TX 79968 950 Camino Del Rex Las Cruces NM 88001 [?]1Mo Adam Mahmood is a professor of information systems and Ellis and Susan Mayfield Endowed Professor in Business Administration at the University of Texas at El Paso. He received his Ph.D. in management information system from Texas Tech University. His research interests include software engineering information technology in support of superior organizational shategic and ecxlIKlmic perfonnamethe strategic manager's perspectives on information technology and infamation technology for national and inkmatid competitiveness. Dr. Mahtnd has published in Decision SciencesMIS Quarterly Joumal of Management Information SystemsEuropean Joud of Information Systems INFOR-Canadian' Journal of Operation Research and Information Processing and Information and Management among others. He has also edited and published a book in the information technology investment and performance area. He is cmntly serving as editor of the Journal of End-User Computing. He is also serving as guest editor associate editor member of the editorial review board or referee for a number of information systems journals. In addition he has presented research papers served as both a reviewer and discussant chaired sessions and tracks and participated in program committees of several regional national and international conferences.

Current economic conditions are forcing information system departments to focus simultaneously on decreasing costs while increasing software productivity. Improving software productivity is becoming critical because software costs of large in-house software companies have been increasing rapidly. For many organizations, however, measuring software productivity has been a difficult task. Using data Envelopment Analysis (dEA), this research study investigates the productivity of 78 commercial system projects. The results of this study have practical implications for software project managers undertaking software development. The results showed that the dEA technology can be successfully used to identify efficient and inefficient software projects. Furthermore, within the inefficient group, dEA can also identify factors that affect software productivity in a positive or negative manner, allowing managers to take corrective actions. Based on the findings of this study, the manuscript also provides some practical guidelines for managers to follow in software development.

关键词： data Envelopment Analysis Information Systems implementation systems development methodologies

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Fabrication of SiN films at low temperature by RF biased coaxial-line microwave plasma CVd

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第11期79卷 58-65页

作者： Morita, Y Kato, I Nakajima, T School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Received a B.S. in 1992 from the Department of Electronics and Communication Waseda University. He is now enrolled in the Ph.D. program at the same university. He has been involved in research on microwave plasma CVD. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Electronics and Communication Waseda University in 1967 and 1973 respectively. In 1973 he joined the faculty of Waseda University becoming an associate professor in 1978. He was Visiting Professor at Manitoba University Canada in 1979–1981. He has supervised research and participated in joint research with die Canadian National Research Council. He became a professor at Waseda University in 1993. He has been involved in research on microwave plasma CVD photonics lasers electronic materials evaluation technologies photonic materials opto-quantum electronics and semiconductor dun films. He is a member of die IEE of Japan die Japan Society of Applied Physics die TV Society die Japanese Vacuum Society and IEEE. Received die B.S. from die Department of Electronics and Communication Waseda University in 1994. He is now enrolled in die master's program at die same university. He has been involved in research on microwave plasma CVD. He is a member of die Japan Society of Applied Physics.

This paper discusses the influence of ion bombardment on the characteristics of SiN films. In this study, the double-tube coaxial-line microwave plasma CVd system, which is suitable for the investigation of ion bombardment, is used to deposit SiN films. The ion bombardment energy is varied by varying the RF bias at constant ion density, As the RF bias is increased, the film density increases and the hydrogen concentration decreases, but the dangling bond density increases. The increase in the film density and decrease of hydrogen concentration are caused by the increase in film surface temperature, while the increase of the dangling bond density is caused by bond breakage due to the N+ ion implantation. When the substrate temperature is 200 degrees C and the RF bias is -175 V, the film density is 3 g/cm(3) and the hydrogen concentration is 9 at.% because of the film surface heating effect of ion bombardment acid also due to substrate heating. Substrate heating at 200 degrees C suppresses the increase in the dangling bond density. It is also demonstrated that the film surface temperature is about 200 degrees C when RF bias is -70 similar to-80 V and the substrate is unheated by any heater.

关键词： microwave plasma CVd SiN film RF bias ion bombardment effect film surface hearing effect

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A method for understanding intentions of indirect speech acts in natural language interfaces

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SYSTEMS ANd COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第1期27卷 77-91页

作者： Mima, H Aoe, J Fuketa, M Hayashi, Y Member Faculty of Engineering The University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan 770 Jun-ichi Aoe received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in Electronic Engineering from the University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan in 1974 and 1976 respectively and his Ph.D. degree in Communication Engineering from the University of Osaka Japan in 1980. Since 1976 he has been with the University of Tokushima. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Information Science and Intelligent Systems at the University of Tokushima. He is the author of about 50 scientific papers. His research interests include computer algorithms in software engineering and natural language processing. Dr. Aoe is editing Computer Algorithms Series of the IEEE Computer Society Press and author of two books: Computer Algorithms-Key Search Strategies in 1991 and String Pattern Matching Strategies in 1994. He received a Best Author Award from the Information Processing Society of Japan in 1993. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery the American Association for Artificial Intelligence the Association for Computational Linguistics and the Information Processing Society of Japan the Society for Software Science and Technology the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence and the Association for Natural Language Processing of Japan. Nonmember

In an attempt to propose a robust method for understanding natural language (NL) interface commands, a scheme is proposed that infers intentions from an indirect speech-act that does not express users' real intentions explicitly. This method classifies the real intentions of the indirect speech-act into: 1) refusal;2) reversal;3) restriction;4) benefit;and 5) disability. Further, concepts are abstracted for operations, e.g., displaying, moving, and deleting information systems;and constructing the operation knowledge base. This knowledge based comprises operational concepts and the relationships between them. These relationships are assigned the foregoing classifications for intentions. In addition, we construct the knowledge base of objects for the target of operations, e.g., files, figures, strings. This knowledge base contains the relationships: a) antonym;b) exclusive;c) part-of, between the objects;and uses these relations to infer the transitions between the objects. An algorithm is the proposed to infer concepts for operations and concepts for target objects of operations that may represent the user's actual intentions. This proposal scheme was tested with requests on UNIX and a commercially available Japanese Word Processor. The system successfully inferred the intentions for approximately 80 percent of the user's indirect speech-act.

关键词： natural language interface indirect speech act inference of intention

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Brownfields initiatives: Progressive approach to solving urban environmental problems

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS 1996年第4期15卷 W3-W3页

作者： Whitman, IL The Whitman Companies Inc. 44 West Ferris Street East Brunswick N.J. 08816 Ira L. Whitman Ph.D. P.E. is President and Principal Consultant of The Whitman Companies Inc. specialists in Environmental Engineering and Management. Prior to going into consulting Dr. Whitman served as the first Director of the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. He has helped to guide a national effort on Brownfields through the Northeast Midwest Institute in Washington D.C. as a member of the Institute's Board of Directors. In addition he has served in an expert capacity on numerous cases involving environmental compliance and site remediation. He has devoted considerable attention to lthe problems of redeveloping urban industreial sites and the risks and economic benefits associated with site reuse. He received his B.C.E. degree in Civil Engineering at The Cooper Union New York his M. S. in Civil Engineering at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn New York and his ph.D. in Environmental Engineering Science at the Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland. He is a registered Professional Engineer in six states. Dr. Whitman is currently involved in advising groups at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The New Jersey Institute of Technology and several municipalities on Brownfields issues. He was selected to be the Kappe Lecturer of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers for the 1996 Fall Series based on a series of lecturers on the subject of Brownfields which he developed.

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Scattering parameter estimation accuracy of Root-MUSIC algorithms in electromagnetic wave scattering measurements

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第5期79卷 106-115页

作者： Yamada, H Yamamoto, K Yamaguchi, Y Sengoku, M Faculty of Engineering Niigata University Niigata Japan 950-21 Received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan in 1988 1990 and 1993 respectively all in Electronic Engineering. Since 1993 he has been with Niigata University where he is currently a Lecturer. His current research involves superresolution techniques electromagnetic wave measurements and radar signal processings. Dr. Yamada is a member of the IEEE. Received his B.S. degree from Niigata University Niigata Japan in 1994 in Information Engineering. He is currently in the Master's program in Information Engineering. His current research involves superresolution technique and antenna measurements. Received his B.E. degree in Electronics Engineering from Niigata University in 1976 and his M.E. and Dr. of Eng. degrees from Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan in 1978 and 1983 respectively. In 1978 he joined the Faculty of Engineering Niigata University where at present he is a Professor. From 1988 to 1989 he was a Research Associate at the University of Illinois at Chicago. His interests are in the field of propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in lossy medium radar polarimetry microwave remote sensing and imaging. Dr. Yamaguchi is a senior member of IEEE and a member of the Japan Society for Snow Engineering. Received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Niigata University Japan in 1967 and his M.E. and Ph.D. degrees from Hokkaido University in 1969 and 1972 respectively. In 1972 he joined the staff at Hokkaido University as a Research Associate. In 1978 he was an Associate Professor at Niigata University where he is presently a Professor. During 1986–1987 he was a Visiting Scholar at the University of California Berkeley and at the University of Illinois Chicago. His research interests include transmission of information network theory and graph theory. He is a recipient of the Best Paper Award of I.E.I.C.E. in 1992. Dr. Sengoku is a senior member of IEE

An application of the superresolution method for the analysis of the electromagnetic scattering data is expected to be effective for experimental verification of the geometrical optics approximation theory and the analysis of multiple paths. There exist many techniques for the superresolution method. It is desirable to select an appropriate technique based upon the characteristics of the individual algorithms. Among these techniques, the Root-MUSIC method has been proposed;this method enables treatment of the signal attenuating exponentially with respect to frequency. In the modified Root-MUSIC method, arbitrary frequency characteristics can be treated. This paper investigates the estimation accuracy of the scattering center and the attenuation coefficient when the Root-MUSIC method and the modified Root-MUSIC method are applied to the estimation of scattering. With the backscattering data of a conducting sphere, the estimation accuracy of the scattering parameters versus the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the number of snapshots is investigated by computer simulation. As a result, it is found that the estimation accuracy of the modified Root-MUSIC method is much better than that of the conventional Root-MUSIC method in the case of a low SNR and a small number of snapshots. Experimental results are also reported.

关键词： super-resolution Root-MUSIC algorithm modified Root-MUSIC algorithm electromagnetic scattering scattering center creeping wave

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Ultrasonic motor based on coupled longitudinal-bending vibrations of a diagonally symmetric piezoelectric ceramic plate

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第6期79卷 60-67页

作者： Aoyagi, M Tomikawa, Y Faculty of Engineering Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan 992 Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering Yamagata University in 1989 received his Master's degree from there in 1991 and joined the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science of the same university as a Research Associate. He has been engaged in research and development of ultrasonic electronics. He received the Young Engineer Encouragement Award in 1994. He is a member of the Acoustical Society of Japan. Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering Yamagata University in 1962 and received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Tokyo in 1974. He worked at Hitachi Manufacturing K.K. from April to December 1962. He joined the Electrical Engineering Department of Yamagata University as a Research Associate in 1963 and was appointed as a Professor in November 1984. At the present he is with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science. He is engaged in the research and development of electromechanical vibrators and ultrasonic electronics. He was a Visiting Scholar at UCLA from October 1975 to October 1976. He has been engaged in the research and development of ultrasonic electronics especially ultrasonic motors/actuators ultrasonic sensors and nondestructive evaluation. He received the Young Engineer Yonezawa Memorial Encouragement Award in 1971 the Ohm Award in 1971 the Encouragement Award from the Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection in 1986 and the Best Paper Award from the Image Sensing Technology Symposium in 1987. He is a member of the Acoustical Society of Japan the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and the Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection.

This paper discusses the operating principle and performance characteristics of an ultrasonic motor based on the coupled longitudinal-bending vibrations of a diagonally symmetric piezoelectric ceramic plate. It is well known that longitudinal and bending vibrations couple with each other in a diagonally symmetric piezoelectric ceramic plate. The objective of this investigation is to design a simple and thin ultrasonic motor based on these coupled mode vibrations. The design of a stator for an ultrasonic motor was optimized with respect to vibration mode, capacitance ratio, and direction of vibratory displacement by employing the finite element method. A simple ultrasonic motor was built and its performance was tested. The results indicate that its load characteristics vary widely depending on the contact point of the rotor and the geometry of a piezoelectric plate. Furthermore, attempts were made to equalize load characteristics for bidirectional operations. The efforts revealed that it is possible to equalize the rotation rate, but it is difficult to equalize efficiencies for bidirectional operations. By incorporating a self-oscillation circuit with an inverter, it is possible to nm the motor bidirectionally in a single-phase mode.

关键词： diagonally symmetric piezoelectric ceramic plate mode-coupled vibration single-phase drive reverse operation

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