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Tracing of the Poynting flux in a stratified absorbing medium: The geometrical optics field

ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第10期79卷 22-31页

作者： Tokumaru, S Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan 223 Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering Keio University in 1963 and received his Ph.D. degree from Tohoku University in 1968. At the present he is a Professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering Keio University. He has been engaged in research on electromagnetic waves electromagnetic environment and antennas. He received an Inada Award and an Achievement Award from I.E.I.C.E. He is the author ofFundamental Electromagnetic WavesandAre Electromagnetic Waves Dangerous?He is a member of the Institute of Television Engineering Japan Astronomical Society Japan Science History Society and IEEE.

This paper presents a method for tracing the flux line and Poynting flux amplitude in a geometrical optics field in relation to the circularly polarized absolute value ray when a plane wave is incident on a planar nondispersive layered lossy medium. For projected flux flow lines that are the projection of the Poynting flux flow lines onto the wavefront normal plane, it is shown that Fermat's principle holds for the projection flux flow lines if an anisotropic index of refraction of the projected flow lines related to the excitation method of the plane wave and dependent on the amplitude is introduced.

关键词： layered lossy medium geometrical optics field Poynting flux Fermat's principle

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Circularly polarized absolute-value rays in stratified absorbing media

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第6期79卷 1-11页

作者： Tokumaru, S Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan 223 Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering Keio University in 1963 and received his Ph.D. degree from Tohoku University in 1968. At present he is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at Keio University. He has been engaged in research on electromagnetic waves electromagnetic environment and antennas. He received an Inada Award and an Achievement Award from I.E.I.C.E. He is the author ofFundamental Electromagnetic WavesandIs Radio Wave Dangerous? He is a member of the Institute of Television Engineering Japan Astronomical Society Japan Science History Society and IEEE.

To provide an example of circularly polarized absolute-value rays in a nondispersive absorbing medium, the theory of ray tracing is presented in the case in which a plane wave is incident on a planar layered medium. Specific tracing methods are presented for the loci of the real phase plane normal, the loci of the projection ray related to the flow line of the normalized Poynting flux, the loci of the circularly polarized absolute-value rays, and the intensities of these rays. The relationships to Poynting flux and their tracing method are described. Further, in the planar layered medium, an anisotropic projection ray index of refraction is introduced to the projection ray. It is shown that Fermat's principle holds under this index of refraction. On the other hand, Fermat's principle also holds in the tracing of the trajectory of the real-phase plane normal. In Fermat's principle of the projection ray, its relationship to the energy flux density is new.

关键词： layered absorbing medium geometrical optics absolute-value rays Fermat's principle transport equation

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Approximation of biodegradation rate constants for monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) in ground water

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1996年第3期16卷 186-194页

作者： Wiedemeier, TH Swanson, MA Wilson, JT Kampbell, dH Miller, RN Hansen, JE Todd H. Wiedemeier is an associate with Parsons Engineering Science Inc. (1700 Broadway Ste. 900 Denver CO 80290). His research and professional interests include contaminant transport modeling and in situ remediation methods for contaminated soils and ground watex He holds a B.S. degree in geology from Colorado State University and an M.S. degree in geology from Wichita State University. Matthew A. Swanson is a hydrogeologist and site manager with Parsons Engineering Science Inc. (I 700 Broadway Ste. 900 Denver CO 80290). He holds a B.S. degree in geology from Trinity University and an M.S. degree in hydrogeology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Dr. John I: Wilson is a senior research microbiologist with the U.S. EPA at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory (919 Kerr Laboratory DK Ada OK 74820). Dr. Wilson's current research efforts involve the study of microbial processes that determine the fate and transport of organic contaminants in the subsurface environment. He has 12 years experience in site characterization process definition and modeling of intrinsic bioremediation. He received a Ph.D. in microbiology from Cornell University. Dr. Donald Kampbell is a senior research chemist with the U.S. EPA at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory (919 Kerr Laboratory DK Ada OK 74820). His current research efforts involve field monitoring techniques and field bioremediation process performance. He received a Ph. D. in agricultural chemistry from the University of Missouri. He is a licensed Professional Engineer. Lt. Col. Ross N. Miller is currently assigned to Hill Air Force Base. He was previously chief of the Technology Transfer Division at the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence Brooks Air Force Base Texas. He has extensive civil engineering experience and has served as a base bioenvironmental engineer at Cannon AFB New Mexico and Hill AFB Utah. He holds B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in civil and environmental engineering from Utah State University and an M.S. degre

Two methods were used to approximate site-specific biodegradation rates of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes [BTEX]) dissolved in ground water. Both use data from monitoring wells and the hydrologic properties of the aquifer to estimate a biodegradation rate constant that can be used in ground water solute fate and transport models. The first method uses a biologically recalcitrant tracer in the ground water associated with the hydrocarbon plume to normalize changes in concentration of BTEX under anaerobic conditions;attenuation of the tracer is attributed to dilution, sorption, and/or volatilization. Attenuation of BTEX in excess of the attenuation of the tracer is attributed to biodegradation, although other processes may affect the observed rate. The second method assumes that the plume has evolved to a dynamic steady-state equilibrium. A one-dimensional analytical solution to the advection-dispersion equation is used to extract the rate of attenuation that would be necessary to produce a steady-state plume of the configuration found at the site. Attenuation is attributed largely to biodegradation because the analytical solution removes the effects of sorption and dispersion and volatilization is assumed to be minimal. Neither method fully accounts for the effects of continuing dissolution of BTEX in the source area or nonlinear sorption. Therefore, the rates cannot be attributed fully to biodegradation, but still are useful for ground water contaminant fate and transport modeling. The methods were applied to a data set from a JP-4 jet fuel spill at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. In estimates along two separate flow paths, natural attenuation rates for BTEX ranged from 0.006 to 0.038 day (-1), with most rates near 0.02 day(1). The rate for benzene ranged from 0.025 to 0.038 day (1). The rates of attenuation of individual BTEX compounds as estimated by the two methods were in close agreement. For an individual compound, the rate es

关键词： Groundwater pollution

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A new algorithm for transient analysis of electromagnetic wave systems

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第5期79卷 48-57页

作者： Kuroiwa, T Hosono, T Department of Electrical Engineering College of Science and Technology Nihon University Japan Received his B.E. and M.E. degrees from the Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering Nihon University in 1987 and 1989 respectively. He received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Nihon University in 1995. In 1995 he became a Lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering. He has been engaged in research on control theory network theory and electromagnetic theory. Received his B.E. degree in 1946 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Nihon University. He was a special postgraduate student at Tokyo University where he received his Ph.D. degree in 1958. In 1960 he became a Professor at Nihon University. Since 1994 he has been Professor Emeritus. He was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Illinois and a Visiting Professor at Kuwait University. He was Chairman of Group on Electromagnetic Theory of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Editorial Advisor of I.E.I.C.E. He is the author ofFundamentals of Information Engineering Fundamentals of linear Black Boxes Science of Entropy(Corona Publ.) Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Waves(Shokodo Publ.) andFast Inversion of Laplace Transform by BASIC(Kyoritsu Publ.). He is coauthor ofModern Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields(I.E.I.C.E.).

In the analysis of a general linear system including the electromagnetic wave transmission systems, it is often necessary to derive system functions such as the immittance function and the transfer function from the frequency characteristics. In solving these problems, it is possible to use the Herglotz-Cauer theorem for the immittance function and Hosono's theorem for the transfer function. In these theorems, it is necessary to calculate integrals on the frequency when the system function is derived. There are a limited number of cases that can be solved analytically. However, when Hosono's theorem is combined with the fast inversion of Laplace transform (FILT), it is predicted that such a combination is a powerful tool for analyzing the transient phenomena of the electromagnetic wave propagating in plasma, wave-guides, and optical fibers. To confirm such a prediction, the transient phenomena of the electromagnetic wave propagating in a plasma were analyzed as an example so that the effectiveness was supported.

关键词： Herglotz-Cauer theorem Hosono's theorem FILT electromagnetic wave transient phenomena

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The analysis of polarization-insensitive characteristics for semiconductor optical amplifiers with tensile strained multiple quantum wells

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第6期79卷 103-112页

作者： Takaya, H Kambayashi, T Faculty of Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka Japan 940–21 Received his B.S. degree from Nagaoka University of Technology in 1993. In 1995 he entered the Master's program at the University. Received his B.S. degree from Yamanashi University in 1972 and his Ph.D. degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1977. In the same year he became a Research Associate at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. In 1979 he became an Associate Professor at Nagaoka University of Technology the position he holds currently. Between 1981 and 1983 he was a Visiting Researcher at Bath University. He has been engaged in research on optical waveguides opto-integrated circuits optical amplifiers and quantum well devices. He is a member of IEEE and the Japan Applied Physics Society.

In this paper, the aims of our study are to analyze the gain of semiconductor optical amplifiers with tensile strained multiple quantum wells and to examine the structure for polarization-insensitive characteristics for the purpose of showing the design guidelines. Since lasers with conventional lattice-matched multiple quantum wells have large optical confinement coefficient and large gain coefficient for TE mode, they are not polarization insensitive. Since the modal gain is the product of the optical confinement coefficient and the gain coefficient, the elimination of polarization sensitivity requires increasing the gain coefficient for the TM mode by applying the tensile strain to the well layer in order to compensate for the difference in the optical confinement factor. Assuming a multiple quantum well structure, the analysis obtains the strain distribution over the structure and an envelope function of the wave function and calculates the gain using a density matrix method by electron relaxation effect. It includes the band mixing effect of valence bands. As a result, a structure with little modal gain difference over a wide range at 1.55-mu m wavelength has been designed. Also, as a result of examining the effect of deviation from the designed values, it has been found that the variation in the material composition (amount of strain) has a larger effect on the modal gain difference than the variation in the quantum well thickness.

关键词： semiconductor optical amplifier tensile strained multiple quantum wells polarization-insensitive gain laser gain

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Linear-programming-based method for optimum schedule of reactive power sources in power systems

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 1996年第1期6卷 31-37页

作者： AbdelSalam, MM ElSadek, MZ Hussein, AI Hussein, AA [?]Mazen Abdel-Salam (1946) received the B.Sc. degree in 1967 The M.SC. degree in 1970 and the Ph.D. degree in 1973 all in Electrical Engineering from the University of Cairo Egypt. In 1967 he was with the Academy of Science and Technology Cairo as a Research Assistant. In 1973 he joined the faculty of Electrical Engineering at Assiut University Egypt as an Assistant Professor and in October 1977 he became an Associate Professor. During the academic years of 1977 to 1979 he was an Alexander-von-Humboldt Fellow in the Electrical Engineering Department TU Munic/Germany and the Electrical Engineering Department University of Liverpoo YGB. In September 1979 he began work as a Researcher with General Electric Co. Pittsfield MANSA. In January 1982 he rejoined Assiut University as a Professor of Electrical Power Engineering. During the academic years of 1982 to 1984 he was Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Jordad Amman. During the academic years of 1982 to 1984 he was a visiting Full Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton NSA. From 1990 to 1994 he was a Professor of Electrical Power Engineering in the Department of Electrical Engineering at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran/Saudi Arabia. He had obtained Research Fellowships at the Military Technical University of Hamburg Eemany in 1984 at the University of Leedd GB in 1988 at Kaiserslautern University/Germany in 1989 and at Michigan Technological University in 1990. He is currently a Professor of Electrical Power Engineering Assiut University. His research activities include corona studies digital calculation of electric fields investigations of high-voltage phenomena low-voltage distribution networks and control of electrical machines. He is a fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers Londod GB and of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers New York AJSA. (Assiut University Electrical Engineering Depart

This paper proposes a linear-programming optimization-based method for reactive power scheduling using generator terminal voltages and reactive outputs, transformer tap-settings and switchable reactive power sources as control variables. dual linear programming is applied to minimize a composite objective function consisting of the cost of the adjusted control variables and the system transmission losses. The proposed composite objective function is more economical than that of the minimum total adjustment of the control variables and calls for less adjustments of var sources to meet the desired voltage limits. The proposed method is applicable to practical transmission and distribution networks, 500 kV to 11 kV of small and large sizes.

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Petroleum hydrocarbon bioventing kinetics determined in soil core, microcosm and tubing cluster studies

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1996年第1期16卷 141-153页

作者： Moyer, EE Ostendorf, dW Richards, RJ Goodwin, S Ellen E. Moyer (ENSR Consulting and Engineering 35 Nagog Park Acton MA 01720) is a senior environmental engineer at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Acton Massachusetts. Her research interests include bioremediation air sparging soil venting and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. Dr. Moyer is a registered professional engineer with an M.S. in environmental engineering and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and is a member of the National Ground Water Association (NGWA) and the American Society of Civil Engineers. David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation Association of Environmental Engineering Professors and NGWA. Robin J. Richards (Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a doctoral student in microbiology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Her research interests include synthesis and biodegradation of microbially produced polymers as well as bioremediation of petroleum contamination in soil and ground water. She has a B.S. in civil engineering from City College of New York and an M.S. in environmental engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Steve Goodwin (Microbiology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Department of Microbiology of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include microbial ecology anaerobic digestion and

Aerobic biodegradation of vapor-phase petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated in an intact soil core from the site of an aviation gasoline release. An unsaturated zone soil core was subjected to a flow of nitrogen gas, oxygen, water vapor and vapor-phase hydrocarbons in a configuration analogous to a biofilter or an in situ bioventing or sparging situation. The vertical profiles of vapor-phase hydrocarbon concentration in the soil core were determined by gas chromatography of vapor samples. Biodegradation reduced low influent hydrocarbon concentrations by 45 to 92 percent over a 0.6-m interval of an intact soil core. The estimated total hydrocarbon concentration was reduced by 75 percent from 26 to 7 parts per million. Steady-state concentrations were input to a simple analytical model balancing advection and first-order biodegradation of hydrocarbons. First-order rate constants for the major hydrocarbon compounds were used to calibrate the model to the concentration profiles. Rate constants for the seven individual hydrocarbon compounds varied by a factor of 4. Compounds with lower molecular weights, fewer methyl groups, and no quaternary carbons tended to have higher rate constants. the fist-order rate constants were consistent with kinetic parameters determined from both microcosm and tubing cluster studies at the field site.

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Bulk-type domain reversal grating of LiTaO3 crystal fabricated by direct electric field

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第2期79卷 70-77页

作者： Sato, M Ohashi, M Abedin, KS Takyu, C Ito, H Member Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Sendai Japan 980–77 Received his B.S. degree from Yamagota University in 1984 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University in 1986 and 1994 respectively. He joined Hitachi Co. in 1986. He became a Research Associate at Ishinomaki Senshu University in 1989 and a Research Associate at Tohoku University in 1993. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optics and optical measurement. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Nonmember Received his B.S. degree from Kanazawa University in 1992 and his M.S. degree from Tohoku University in 1994. At present he is enrolled in the Ph.D. program at Tohoku University. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optical effect of ferroelectrical material. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Received his B.S. from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) in 1988 and became an Assistant Professor at the same institute. He received his M.S. degree from Yamagata University in 1993. He is currently enrolled in the Ph.D. program at Tohoku University. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optical crystals doped with rare earth metals semiconductor lasers and optical fibers. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Graduated from Konahama Marine High School in 1969 and became a Research Technician at Tohoku University in the same year. He has been involved in research on laser measurement and the processes of semiconductors and dielectric material. Received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University in 1966 and 1972 respectively. At present he is a Professor at Tohoku University. He was invited to Stanford University during 1975–1976. He has been involved in research on laser and nonlinear optics integrated optics and semiconductor lasers. He received the Yonezawa Award in 1971 and Manuscript Award in 1989. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics IEEE and OSA.

Bulk-type domain reversal gratings of LiTaO3 crystal were fabricated at room temperature by the direct electric field method, The nonlinear optical. property of the crystal was evaluated by quasi-phase matching. The period of the bulk-type domain reversal gratings on an LiTaO3 substrate was 7.5 mu m and the domain reversal extended to the entire substrate thickness of 500 mu m. The experimental normalization efficiency was 0.46%/W . cm in carder quasi-phase matching and was close to the theoretical value (0.48%/W . cm). This result indicates that high-efficiency nonlinear interaction could be achieved by using the bulk-type domain reversal grating, The bulk-type domain reversal grating of nonlinear optical crystal such as LiTaO3 is expected to be useful for compact nonlinear optical devices and integrated laser sources.

关键词： bulk-type domain reversal grating electrical field-induced polarization quasi-phase matching

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Effects of specimen shape on the measurement of the electromechanical coupling coefficient in inclined electrodes

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第6期79卷 43-49页

作者： Adachi, Y Takenaka, T Faculty of Science and Technology Science University of Tokyo Noda Japan 278 Graduated from the Electrical Engineering Department of the Science University of Tokyo in 1992 and received a Master's degree from there in 1994. He joined the Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory the same year. He is engaged in the fabrication and evaluation of bismuth containing superconductive oxide thin films and the investigation of the effects of sample geometries on the electromechanical coupling coefficients of piezoelectric ceramics. Graduated from the Electronic Engineering Department of Shibaura Institute of Technology in 1970 received his Master's degree from the University of Electronic Communications in 1973 and his Ph.D. degree from Kyoto University in 1985. He joined the Science University of Tokyo as a Research Associate in 1973 was promoted to Lecturer in 1988 and to Assistant Professor in 1993. He was a Visiting Professor at Pennsylvania State University from 1986 to 1987 and he has been a Visiting Researcher at the Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory since 1988. He is coauthor of the second edition ofScience of Ceramicspublished by Gifodo in 1993. He received the Edward C. Henry Award from the American Ceramic Society in November 1992.

The electromechanical coupling coefficient k can be determined by measuring the frequency characteristics of admittance. However, it is known that the specimen shape affects the measurement of the admittance frequency characteristics. In this paper, the finite element method was employed to investigate the effects of sample electrode inclination on the electromechanical coupling coefficients. The results indicate that the electromechanical coupling coefficients for the stretching vibration mode (31) of a rectangle, the stretching vibration mode (33) of a bar, and the expansion vibration mode (p) of a disk decrease when the sample electrodes are inclined. No spurious vibration was observed in the transverse vibration of (31) and (p) modes when the sample electrodes were inclined. However, a spurious vibration was observed in the longitudinal vibration of the (33) mode. These observations were confirmed by experiment.

关键词： piezoelectric ceramics electromechanical coupling coefficient admittance-frequency characteristics finite element method

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Fundamental theory of natural observation method with complete reconstruction property by finite sum - Natural observation theory of normal type

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ELECTRONICS ANd COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNdAMENTAL ELECTRONIC science 1996年第11期79卷 84-96页

作者： Iijima, T Iwaki, M Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan 923-12 Taim Iijima received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1957. He was involved in research on electromagnetic theory pattern recognition theory image processing speech recoption and OCR research development. He became Chief of Densoken Iijima Special Research Group and then Professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972. He was Professor Emeritus in 1986 Professor at Tokyo Engineering University in 1986 Professor Emeritus in 1993 Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 1993 Vice President of the Institute in 1994 Editinghvestigation/General Affairs Secretary Inspector Councilor Chairman of Pattern Recognition Research Committee Head of Tokyo Region Vice President at I.E.I.C.E. Japan and became Honorary Member in 1993. He received the Paper Award four times Authorship Award once Achievement Award in 1976 Meritorious Award in 1989 and the Purple-Ribbon Prize in 1989.

A theory of natural observation methods was originally formulated for two complementary systems: neighboring type and equilibrium type. This paper introduces a new system, normal-type system, that is different from the forementioned two types. One characteristic feature of the normal-type natural observation method is its ability to reconstruct an original waveform from the sum of a finite number of observation values. The natural observation theory of a normal type evolves naturally under the condition that a waveform and its power component can be expressed in the sum form. These meanings are discussed by comparing a frequency response of the normal-type natural observation transform with that of a conventional filter bank. Furthermore, a criterion for determining observation parameters in order to realize the natural observation of normal type under a given tolerance of error is described. It is believed that the proposed theory offers new insights into systematization of the natural observation theory.

关键词： natural observation method neighboring type equilibrium type normal type

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