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THE NPS AUV-II AUTONOMOUS UNdERWATER VEHICLE TESTBEd - dESIGN ANd EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 191-202页

作者： HEALEY, AJ GOOd, MR Dr. Anthony J. Healey:was graduated from London and Sheffield Universities with the degrees B.Sc.(Eng.j and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in 1961 and 1966 respectively. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1966 and has taught at The Pennsylvania State University MIT The University of Texas at Austin and the Naval Postgraduate School. He was promoted to full professor of mechanical engineering in 1974 at the University of Texas at Austin and in 1981 he joined Brown and Root Inc. as manager of the Pipeline and Sub-Sea Technology Research Group. In 1986 he assumed his present position as professor and chairman of mechanical engineering at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. His areas of specialty include mechanical system dynamics vibration and control systems and he is presently the leader of an Interdisciplinary Project in Mission Planning Navigation and Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles at NPS. Lt. Michael R. Good:is an engineering duty officer assigned to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. He graduated from Marquette University in 1983 with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. He has served on the USS Jack Williams (FFG-24) as ordnance officer and damage control assistant. He obtained the master of science in mechanical engineering degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1989 during which time he was the chairman of the Monterey Peninsula Section of ASNE. He is currently assigned as senior ship superintendent and docking officer.

The design, construction and testing of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for use as a research and development testbed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is presented. design objectives, analysis and trade-offs are discussed with respect to a generic AUV with specific details for the case of the NPS AUV II. System integration and flexibility are emphasized in the subject vehicle to support presently planned and future research employment. Hull, mobility, sensors, automatic control, and energy subsystems are described. design and fabrication techniques for the NPS AUV II vehicle hull and equipment are documented. Some results from an experimental program illustrating verification of vehicle design are described.

关键词： Submersibles

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The Right to die: State Courts Lead where Legislatures Fear to Tread

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Law & Policy 1992年第4期14卷 337-380页

作者： HOEFLER, JAMES M. KAMOIE, BRIAN E. **James M. Hoefler is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Coordinator for the Policy Studies Program at Dickinson College in Carlisle Pennsylvania. He holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Syracuse University and the M.A. and Ph.D. in political science from the State University of New York at Buffalo. His research and teaching interests focus on domestic public policy state politics and public administration especially in the areas of job training health care and the right to die. ***Brian E. Kamoie holds a B.A. degree in Policy and Management Studies from Dickinson College in Carlisle Pennsylvania. He maintains an ongoing interest in public policy regarding health care education and foreign affairs and has worked directly with these issues through positions with the Pennsylvania State Senate and the London Embassy of the U.S. Department of State. Mr. Kamoie is currently pursuing a law degree at George Washington University in preparation for a career in the public service.

The right to die may be among the most legally complex and culturally sensitive areas of civil rights to emerge in our time. The thorny issues associated with a terminally ill individual's right to self‐determination, and the disposition of individuals who are incompetent to make right to die decisions for themselves, promises to keep all parties involved ‐ health care professionals, medical ethicists, families, lawyers, judges, and state legislators ‐busy for some time to come. To this point, the state courts have taken the lead in the right to die debate, while the state legislatures have tended to drag their collective feet. This article lays the case law groundwork for right to die decision making, then goes on to assay the legislative responses to the issue that have been rendered in the fifty states. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词： death and Euthanasia Legal Approach Medicaid

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A METHOd FOR ASSESSING RESIdUAL NAPL BASEd ON ORGANIC-CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL SAMPLES

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1991年第2期11卷 128-136页

作者： FEENSTRA, S MACKAY, dM CHERRY, JA Stan Feenstra is a hydrogeochemist and president of Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in Mississauga Ontario He received a B.Sc. in earth sciences and an M.Sc. in hydrogeology from the University of Waterloo in 1978 and 1980 respectively and was designated a Certified Ground Water Professional by AGWSE in 1989. Since 1980 he has been a ground water consultant with Golder Associates in Mississauga Ontario and Zenon Environmental in Burlington Ontario and founded Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in 1987. Feenstra specializes in the hydrogeochemical evaluation of ground water contamination at waste disposal facilities and chemical spill sites. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in hydrogeology and research associate in the Waterloo Centre for Ground Water Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1) and is involved in research related to the behavior of dense organic solvents in ground water. Douglas M. Mackay is an adjunct professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L3G1). Dr. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively. From 1986 to 1990 he was a faculty member of the Environmental Science and Engineering Program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water various scale studies of decontamination of soil and ground water and ground water monitoring technologies. John A. Cherry is a professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L 3G1). He received his B.S. in geological engineering from the University of Saskatchewan in 1962. He received his M.S. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1964 and his Ph.D. from the Department of Geology at the University of Illinois in 1966. His research interests include the field study and modeling of contaminants in ground wat

Ground water contamination by non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals is a serious concern at many industrial facilities and waste disposal sites. NAPL in the form of immobile residual contamination, or pools of mobile or potentially mobile NAPL, can represent continuing sources of ground water contamination. In order to develop rational and cost-effective plans for remediation of soil and ground water contamination at such sites, it is essential to determine if non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals are present in the subsurface and delineate the zones of NAPL contamination. The presence of NAPL pools may be evident as a floating or sinking phase in monitoring wells. The residual NAPL contamination may be identified in soil samples if residual contents are high and contaminated zones in the soil cores are thick. However, visual identification may not be effective if residual contents ar elow or if the NAPL residual is distributed heterogeneously in the samples. The chemical analysis of soil samples provides a measure of the total chemical concentration in the soil but cannot determine directly whether NAPL is present in the samples. Qualitatively, soil analyses that exhibit chemical concentrations in the percent range or > 10,000 mg/kg would generally be considered to indicate the presence of NAPL. However, the results of soil analyses are seldom used in a quantitative manner to assess the possible presence of residual NAPL contamination when chemical concentrations are lower and the presence of NAPL is not obvious. The assessment of the presence of NAPL in soil samples is possible using the results of chemical and physical analyses of the soil, and the fundamental principles of chemical partitioning in unsaturated or saturated soil. The method requires information on the soil of the type typically considered in ground water contamination studies and provides a simple tool for the investigators of chemical spill and waste disposal sites to assess whether soil

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FIELd SAMPLING OF RESIdUAL AVIATION GASOLINE IN SANdY SOIL

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1991年第2期11卷 107-120页

作者： OSTENdORF, dW LEACH, LE HINLEIN, ES XIE, YF 1 David W. Ostendorf is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Water Well Association.2 Lowell E. Leach is an environmental engineer with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RS Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory U.S. EPA P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK74820). Leach received his B.S. ingeological engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1959 and has been a registered professional engineer in Oklahoma since 1966. With 29 years of experience in field applications of geological engineering he is responsible for developing methodology for sampling ground water and subsurface materials for the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory.3 Erich S. Hinlein is a research assistant in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include ground water pollution hazardous waste site investigation and transport processes in unconfined aquifers. Hinlein graduated with a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in May 1985 and entered the Environmental Engineering Master's Degree Program in January 1989.4 Yuefeng Xie is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil E

Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.

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dEVELOPMENT OF A LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY FOR UNdERWATER VEHICLE PROPULSION - REPLY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第4期103卷 130-130页

作者： SMITH, ph JAMES, Sd CHUA, dL Patricia H. Smithis group leader of the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33 of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. She obtained her Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry at the University of Maryland in 1981. Dr. Smith is managing the High Energy Battery Project funded by the Office of Naval Technology to develop power sources for the next generation naval systems. A major thrust of this project is developing rechargeable lithium batteries to propel underwater naval vehicles. Dr. Smith is the editor in chief of the High Energy Battery Newsletter. David L. Chuais the manager of lithium battery R&D at Alliant Techsystems Inc.—Power Sources Center (formerly Honeywell) Horsham Penn. He is responsible for the research and development of both primary and rechargeable lithium technologies. He received his M.S. in metallurgical engineering at the University of Arizona in 1969 and a Ph.D. in materials engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1973. Dr. Chua has over 15 years experience in lithium electrochemical research received 5 patents and authored numerous papers on lithium battery technology. Stanley D. Jamesobtained his Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the Imperial College of Science London in 1959. In 1967 he joined the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. and is presently the senior technical consultant to the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33. Dr. James has authored 45 papers and is the technical editor of the High Energy Battery Newsletter.

The Navy is researching lithium rechargeable batteries as a possible replacement for silver oxide/zinc cells in powering the next generation of naval underwater vehicles. This paper summarizes progress made with the most promising lithium system — lithium/cobalt oxide, which has 2.5 times the theoretical energy density of silver oxide/zinc. Using small (0.03 Ah) laboratory cells, optimization was completed for cathode fabrication and electrolyte composition. Even at three times the required discharge rate, cycle life obtained with these cells was over double the program goal. Furthermore, a significant fast charge capability was demonstrated when charging was conducted at constant potential versus constant current. This laboratory cell technology was scaled up successfully to 2.5 Ah cell test fixtures. Presently, engineering development is underway at the 10 Ah level in hermetically sealed, instrumented subcells. Preliminary data are achieving the required energy densities for at least 15 cycles with tests still continuing. The optimized design resulting from the 10 Ah tests is being incorporated into 30 Ah cells.

关键词： Submarines

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SMALL SHIPS, AdVANCEd technology ANd WARFIGHTING PERFORMANCE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 30-45页

作者： SKOLNICK, dH SKOLNICK, A David H. Skolnickhas practiced naval engineering in both government and industry. He has supported the Military Sealift Command and the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Group and Amphibious Ship Acquisition Program Office participating in the design and assessment of ship structure evaluation of intact and damaged stability and arrangements during design and construction phases of acquisition conversion and overhaul. He is currently involved in systems engineering and integration. Recent responsibilities have included requirements analyses and feasibility studies interface analyses and computer aided analyses. He received his B.S. in naval architecture and marine engineering from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1982 (as an ASNE scholar) and is currently an M.S. candidate in systems engineering at the University of Virginia. Alfred Skolnickserved over 30 years as an engineering duty officer and retired from the Navy with the rank of captain in 1983. His early assignments included tactical missile engineering shipboard duty and Polaris submarine inertial navigation. He later served in the Deep Submergence Systems Project was project director surface effect ships (SES) David Taylor Model Basin director of technology Joint Navy-Commerce SES Program director combat systems Naval Sea Systems Command and project manager directed energy weapons. His awards include the Navy League's Parsons Award in 1979 for scientific and technical progress ASNE's Gold Medal in 1981 for high energy laser development the Navy Legion of Merit in 1983 National Capital Engineer of the Year in 1986 and the American Defense Preparedness Association Gold Medal in 1988 for contributions to strategic defense. He was president of ASNE from 1985–1989. He received his B.S. in mathematics from Queens College his M.A. in mathematics from Columbia University his M.S. in electrical engineering from U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering/applied mathematics from Polytechnic University. He w

Changing threat requirements and radical budget shifts imply that Navy operational needs will broaden and engineering solutions will face tougher constraints. Existing and emerging technology promise increased combat capability in smaller packages;space-based assets will allow operator orchestration of widely dispersed naval units via connectivity attributes previously unavailable. Tactical data relay by downlink may permit reallocation of responsibilities among several platforms, space, air, or seaborne, so ships can be outfitted for custom-use (sensing, unique data processing, high-firepower) and optimized to meet specific mission needs. These evolving capabilities demand a fresh look at ship concepts and prospective force structures consistent with global and fiscal realities. Warfighting performance formerly unknown in small ship design may offer a very effective solution to the intricate, interacting issues of falling defense budgets, diverse operational requirements and complex national priorities. Multimission ships which take advantage of new or current technology to reduce ship size, manning and cost could be affordable in sufficient numbers to meet our continuing worldwide obligations, complement our larger ships' force structure, and produce a balanced fleet. These same ships could satisfy U.S. maritime needs beyond the Navy and improve export trade through foreign military sales (FMS).

关键词： Naval Warfare

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPId PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT dEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, dE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military engineering

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MAGNETOHYdROdYNAMIC SUBMARINE PROPULSION SYSTEMS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 141-157页

作者： SWALLOM, dW SAdOVNIK, I GIBBS, JS GUROL, H NGUYEN, LV VANdENBERGH, HH Daniel W. Swallomis the director of military power systems at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. in Everett Mass. Dr. Swallom received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa in 1969 1970 and 1972 respectively. He has authored numerous papers in the areas of power propulsion and plasma physics and currently is a member of the Aerospace Power Systems Technical Committee of the AIAA. Dr. Swallom has directed various programs for the development of advanced power generation systems lightweight power conditioning systems and advanced propulsion systems for marine applications. His previous experience includes work with Odin International Corporation Maxwell Laboratories Inc. Argonne National Laboratory and the Air Force Aero Propulsion Laboratory. Currently Dr. Swallom is directing the technical efforts to apply magnetohydrodynamic principles to a variety of propulsion and power applications for various marine vehicles and power system requirements respectively. Isaac Sadovnikis a principal research engineer in the Energy Technology Office at Avco Research Laboratory Inc. a subsidiary of Textron Inc. He received his B.S. in engineering (1974) B.S. in physics (1975) M.S. in aeronautics and astronautics (1976) and Ph.D. in physics of fluids (1981) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research work funded by DARPA concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamics for underwater propulsion. He has built theoretical models that predict the hydrodynamic behavior of seawater flow through magnetohydrodynamic ducts and their interaction with the rest of the vehicle (thrust and drag produced). In addition Dr. Sadovnik has been involved in research investigations geared toward the NASP program concerning the use of magnetohydrodynamic combustion-driven accelerator channels. Prior to joining Avco Dr. Sadovnik was a research assistant at MIT where he conducted experimental and

Magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarines offer several significant advantages over conventional propeller propulsion systems. These advantages include the potential for greater stealth characteristics, increased maneuverability, enhanced survivability, elimination of cavitation limits, greater payload capability, and the addition of a significant emergency propulsion system. These advantages can be obtained with a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system that is neutrally bouyant and can operate with the existing submarine propulsion system power plant. A thorough investigation of magnetohydrodynamic propulsion systems for submarine applications has been completed. during the investigation, a number of geometric configurations were examined. Each of these configurations and mounting concepts was optimized for maximum performance for a generic attack class submarine. The optimization considered each thruster individually by determining the optimum operating characteristics for each one and accepting only those thrusters that result in a neutrally buoyant propulsion system. The results of this detailed optimization study show that the segmented, annular thruster is the concept with the highest performance levels and greatest efficiency and offers the greatest potential for a practical magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system for attack class submarines. The optimization study results were used to develop a specific point design for a segmented, annular magnetohydrodynamic thruster for an attack class submarine. The design point case has shown that this thruster may be able to provide the necessary thrust to propel an attack class submarine at the required velocity with the potential for a substantial acoustic signature reduction within the constraints of the existing submarine power plant and the maintenance of neutral buoyancy. This innovative magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system offers an approach for submarine propulsion that can be an important contributio

关键词： Ship Propulsion

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A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE dESIGN, OPERATION, ANd MONITORING OF INSITU SOIL-VENTING SYSTEMS

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1990年第2期10卷 159-178页

作者： JOHNSON, PC STANLEY, CC KEMBLOWSKI, MW BYERS, dL COLTHART, Jd Paul C. Johnson Ph.D. joined Shell Development Co.'s (Westhollow Research Center Room EC-649 P.O. Bo 1380 Houston TX 77251–1380) Environmental Science Department in 1987 after earning his B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of California Davis and his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Princeton University. His current areas of research include the development and evaluation of soil treatment processes modeling and measuring transport phenomena in porous media and the development of transport models for predicting emissions and exposures used in envvironmental risk assessments. Curtis C Stanley received his degree in geology with an engineering minor from North Carolina State University in 1979. He is currently a senior hydrogeologist for Shell Oil Co. (Westhollow Research Center 2236 Two Shell Plaza Houston TX 77082) and is responsible for hydrogeologic response at Shell's retail facilities. Stanley is a Certified Professional Geological Scientist and also a Certified Ground Water Professional with the NWWA's Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers. He is also a member of API's Ground Water Technology Taskforce and is an EPA Peer Reviewer. Marian W. Kemblowski Ph.D. is a senior research engineer in the Environmental Science Department at Shell Development Co. (Westhollow Research Center Houston TX 77082) where he has worked since 1985. He obtained his M.S. degree in civil engineering from the Technical University of Warsaw Poland in 1973 and his Ph.D. in ground water hydrology from the Institute for Land Reclamation in Warsaw Poland in 1978. In 1980–1981 he was a visiting hydrologist in the New Mexico School of Mining and Technology. From 1981 to 1985 he worked as an assistant scientist at the University of Kansas. His principal research interests are in the areas of numerical analysis transport in porous media and ground water monitoring systems. Dallas L. Byers is a technical associate in the Environmental Science Department at Shell Development. After receivin

When operated properly, in situ soil venting or vapor extraction can be one of the most cost-effective remediation processes for soils contaminated with gasoline, solvents, or other relatively, volatile compounds. The components of soil-venting systems are typically off-the-shelf items, and the installation of wells and trenches can be done by reputable environmental firms. However, the design, operation, and monitoring of soil-venting systems are not trivial. In fact, choosing whether or not venting should be applied at a given site is a difficult decision in itself. If one decides to utilize venting, design criteria involving the number of wells, well spacing, well location, well construction, and vapor treatment systems must be addressed. A series of questions must be addressed to decide if venting is appropriate at a given site and to design cost-effective in situ soil-venting systems. This series of steps and questions forms a “decision tree” process. The development of this approach is an attempt to identify the limitations of in situ soil venting, and subjects or behavior that are currently difficult to quantify and for which future study is needed.

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A SYSTEM engineering APPROACH TO SURFACE COMBATANT dESIGN ISSUES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 228-239页

作者： RAINS, dA The Author:is president Decision Engineering Pascagoula Mississippi and has been an active member of ASNE since 1970 a frequent contributor to theNaval Engineers Journaland a participant at ASNE Day meetings as both an author and discusser. He was chairman of the Cruiser Destroyer and Frigate Technology Symposium held in Biloxi Mississippi in 1982. He was paper chairman for the 1986 Symposium. He is currently councilor in the Pascagoula Section of ASNE. He has been program chairman of the Pascagoula Section for the past three years. He has 39 years of engineering experience and is a graduate of the California Institute of Technology from which he received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees all in mechanical engineering.

The design of naval surface combatants presents a challenging system engineering problem. There are many important choices to be analyzed and made. Within the limitation of the available technologies, there are many design decisions to be made even if no new technologies are selected. The purpose of this paper is to explore ship design optimization in a system engineering context. The design issues to be considered are ship speed, combined with powerplant size selection, endurance, and level of passive survivability. These issues are addressed from a design viewpoint using current technologies. It will be left to future efforts to explore the merits of new technologies. Military effectiveness and affordability analyses are used to determine the best selection of design parameters for future combatants. The analysis procedures used, together with the results, are summarized for reference and use.

关键词： Warships

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