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ELIMINATION OF dIFFUSIONAL LIMITATIONS IN A MEMBRANE ENTRAPPEd CELL REACTOR BY PRESSURE CYCLING

BIOtechnology PROGRESS 1987年第4期3卷 259-264页

作者： EFTHYMIOU, GS SHULER, ML School of Chemical Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 George S. Efthymiou:is currently a graduate student in Chemical Engineering at Cornell University where he also obtained his M.S. degree. He obtained his B.S. degree first class in Chemical Engineering at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology in England Michael L. Shuler:is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Cornell. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota and a B.S. from the University of Notre Dame with both degrees in chemical engineering

A previous paper described the operation of an immobilized cell multimembrane bioreactor, in which production and recovery were integrated. This paper reports on a new operating procedure for the multimembrane reactor that eliminates diffusion limitations associated with the previously reported operation of the reactor. The new mode of operation increases the reactor productivity by almost an order of magnitude and also eliminates the need for periodical nutrient additions.

关键词： BIOREACTORS

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A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MULTIphASE TRANSPORT-THEORY TO GROUNdWATER CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1987年第1期7卷 84-92页

作者： HINCHEE, RE REISINGER, HJ Robert E. Hinchee Ph.D. P.E. is manager of Western Regional Engineering Operations for EA Engineering Science and Technology Inc. (41 Lafayette Circle Lafayette CA 94549). He holds a doctorate in civil and environmental engineering from Utah State University is a registered professional engineer and is a master's level certified hazardous materials manager. He is involved in subsurface hydrocarbon behavior research and practical assessment and remediation of contaminated sites. His experience includes investigation and design of remediation at more than 50 subsurface petroleum spill sites. H. James Reisinger II CHMM is a vice president of EA Engineering Science and Technology Inc. (Hunt Valley/Loveton Center 15 Loveton Circle Sparks MD 21152) and is responsible for all analytical services. He holds a master's degree from Millersville State University and is a master's level certified hazardous materials manager. He has developed sampling and analytical programs and provided analysis of the resulting data for more than 100 contaminated sites. He is currently responsible for a major laboratory that is in the EPA CLP program and certified in eight states.

Hydrocarbon transport in the subsurface environment occurs in several phases, chiefly the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), dissolved and vapor phases. Mechanisms that influence transport include the physicochemical properties of the specific compounds present (density, vapor pressure, viscosity, hydrophobicity) and the physical and chemical properties of the subsurface environment, including geology, aquifer minerology and ground water hydrology. Hydrocarbon liquids are typically complex mixtures composed of numerous compounds, each with its own individual physicochemical and, therefore, transport properties. Examination of chemical data can provide insights into the transport mechanisms operating at a site: Ground water transport results in relative enrichment by more soluble, less hydrophobic hydrocarbon compounds as a function of distance from a spill; vapor phase transport typically results in relative enrichment in more volatile hydrocarbon *** sites at which subsurface fuel spills resulted in ground water contamination will illustrate the use of transport mechanism theory. At Site 1 a subsurface spill resulted in a NAPL plume approximately 150m (500 feet) and a dissolved hydrocarbon plume resulting from ground water transport of dissolved hydrocarbon approximately 350m (1150 feet) hydraulically downgradient of the source. At Site 2 there was a sudden subsurface fuel spill; ground water pumping with hydrocarbon recovery was begun within a week of spillage. Vapor phase transport resulted in contaminated ground water hydraulically upgradient of the source. In addition, there was cross-contamination at Site 2, probably as the result of contaminated water level gauging equipment, but the chemical characteristics of this contamination were sufficiently obvious to permit its identification. An understanding of transport mechanisms is instrumental in contamination assessment source identification, contaminant fate prediction and design of an appropriate reme

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SMALL-SIZEd WAVEGUIdES WITH PERIOdICALLY LOAdEd POSTS.

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Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part I: Communications (English translation of denshi Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi) 1987年第9期70卷 107-117页

作者： Kim, Ki-Chai Tokumaru, Shinobu Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Japan 223 Shinobu Tokumaru graduated from Keio University Dept. of Electrical Engineering in 1963 and received Ph.D. from Tohoku University in 1966. Presently he is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at Keio University. He has been working on antennas and electromagnetic scattering. He received an Inada Prize and an Achievement Award. He authored Getting Stronger in Electromagnetic Waves (Kodansha).

This paper considers a small-sized transmission line for energy transmission required for such applications as ICRF heating of nuclear fusion and hyperthermia where waves with coherent polarization are needed. To develop a transmission line with a small cross section, a waveguide periodically loaded with posts is proposed. Various characteristics are obtained theoretically. In the analysis, the electric fields inside the waveguide are calculated first from the current on the post. Next, the internal impedance seen from the post terminal is obtained. From this impedance and the reactance loaded externally, the determinantal equation for the phase constant is derived. The magnetic field in the waveguide is then computed.

关键词： WAVEGUIdES, RECTANGULAR

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INTERCOMPARTMENTAL FLUId SHIFTS IN HEMOdIALYSIS-PATIENTS

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BIOtechnology PROGRESS 1987年第2期3卷 69-73页

作者： HEINEKEN, FG EVANS, MC KEEN, ML GOTCH, FA COBE Laboratories Inc. Lakewood Colorado Fred G. Heineken is currently Program Director for Biotechnology within the Emerging Engineering Technologies Division of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation. He received his B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and his Ph.D. degree in the same discipline from the University of Minnesota. His work experience includes fermentation research at Monsanto teaching and research in respiration physiology at the University of Colorado and hemodialysis product design and evaluation at COBE Laboratories. Hemodialysis Treatment and Research Center Franklin Hospital Ralph K. Davis Medical Center San Francisco California Mary C. Evans has a BS degree in Chemistry from the University of Florida. She has held positions in the artificial kidney development group at Dow Chemical Company and the new product development group of Cordis-Dow Corporation. She is currently working in clinical research in the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. Marcia Keen is currently a doctoral student at the University of California San Francisco and serves as Clinical Research Supervisor at the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. She received her MS at the University of California San Francisco. Her thesis research developed a non-invasive Doppler technique to quantitate vascular access graft flow in hemodialysis patients. Her research interests include physiologic responses to dialysis therapy manipulations. Frank Gotch is an Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco. He received his BA and MD from the University of California and is currently Medical Director of the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. His research has addressed such issues as adequacy of dialysis and mathematical modeling of hemodialysis and associated therapies. He is a past president of the American

Hemodialysis is a therapeutic procedure for replacing some functions of the natural kidney. As such, it is capable of allowing people with little or no residual kidney function to survive and in some cases to lead productive lives. There are, unfortunately, a number of side effects associated with this procedure (shock, muscle cramps, fatigue, etc.). In order to minimize these side effects, we have undertaken to model shifts of fluid between the intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces in hemodialysis patients. Fluid shifts are primarily a function of osmolality differences between these fluid spaces. Changes in osmolality are caused mainly by changes in urea and salt concentrations. Least squares analysis of patient data has been used to estimate the appropriate ultrafiltration and urea mass transfer coefficients for each patient. The model has then been used to find a dialysate sodium concentration profile that will minimize fluid shifts into and out of the intracellular fluid space.

关键词： BIOMEdICAL EQUIPMENT

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RELIABILITY-BASEd FATIGUE dESIGN FOR SHIP STRUCTURES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 135-149页

作者： WHITE, GJ AYYUB, BM Gregory J. White: LCdr. USNR-R is an assistant professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received a B. S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 first as the damage control assistant aboard the USS Reasoner (FF-1063) and then as the commissioning CIC officer aboard the USS Merrill (DD-976). After leaving active duty and while attending graduate school he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific section (Code 250.1). Upon completion of graduate school he then worked for Exxon International Company as a research engineer in the R & D division of the tanker department. A lieutenant commander in the Ready Reserve Dr. White drills with the repair department of a submarine tender reserve unit and recently completed the reserve engineering duty officer qualification program. A member of ASNE since 1983 Dr. White is also a member of SNAME and the U.S. Naval Institute Dr. White received the “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an assistant professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B. S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M. S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. While there he was awarded the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Fellowship. Dr. Ayyub has extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation pre-stressed composite steel girders and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures mathematical modelling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the University of Maryland the Natio

In the continuing effort to apply reliability methods to marine structures, the next logical step is to include these techniques in the design process. The advantage of doing this would be the ability to design more efficient structures with some measure of certainty of the reliability level involved. The particular application in ship structural design which would benefit the most from using reliability methods is the design against fatigue failure. In this paper, some of the reliability-based methods currently being used (or proposed for use) in the design of structures against fatigue are examined. Each is evaluated as to its suitability for use in the structural design of ships. In addition, the authors propose a new reliability-based fatigue design format which is based on their recently introduced Reliability-Conditioned (RC) design method and the Load and Resistance Factor design (LRFd) code format. This approach is hoped to provide the design engineer with an easy to understand and use tool based on the LRFd format. The RC method will enable him to quickly and accurately design the components of a ship's structure such that a desired level of safety against fatigue is achieved. Each of the methods discussed is used to solve a practical example. The results of that example and several others are used to discuss the relative merits of each method.

关键词： SHIPS

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THE ROLE OF PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF A WEAPONS SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 239-248页

作者： BAILEY, JL The authoris an operations research analyst in the Systems Engineering Branch Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division at the Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC). Dr. Bailey received a B. S. degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964 a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Tennessee in 1968 and an M. S. in computer science from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1975. He was an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Tennessee during the 1968-69 academic year then came to NSWC/Dahlgren in September 1969. He worked as an operations research analyst in mine warfare from 1969 to 1978 specializing in minefield planning. He headed the group which developed the minefield planning module of the Mine Warfare Trainer which was delivered to the Fleet and Mine Warfare Training Center in 1978-79. Dr. Bailey served as science advisor to the commander Mine Warfare Command in 1978-79 under the sponsorship of the Navy Science Assistance Program. In 1979-80 he led the development of military value assessment methodology for a ship survivability improvement program. In 1980 he moved to the Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division becoming leader of the Systems Performance Assessment Group in 1981. Dr. Bailey leads a group of analysts who do assessment of the predicted performance of the Aegis combat system and the effects of proposed changes to the system. Dr. Bailey has also served collateral duty as systems analysis manager for the Technical Division of the Aegis Project Office (PMS-400) in the Naval Sea Systems Command since 1981.

Performance analysis is the process of determining the predicted performance of a weapons system. It is generally used to examine predicted performance of systems in a variety of configurations and operational situations; it is accomplished through a variety of techniques, from the computation of straightforward algebraic functions to complex computer simulations. Performance analysis is necessary throughout the life-cycle of weapons systems. It is used to help determine original requirements, for conceptual and detailed design, and to support operational planning and determine upgrade requirements. The development, maintenance, and consistent application of a set of system specific performance analysis methods have enhanced the development of many weapons systems. This paper is in the form of a tutorial on the application of performance analysis techniques, using the development of the Aegis weapons system as a source of examples, and stressing the value of performance analysis methods which have been designed specifically for the Aegis system.

关键词： MILITARY EQUIPMENT

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BIOtechnology IN THE COSMETICS INdUSTRY

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BIO-technology 1987年第10期5卷 1035-1037页

作者： LAUGHLIN, TJ FERRELL, TM Thomas J. Laughlin Ph.D. head controlled-release devices section and Teresa M. Ferrell research chemist Southern Research Institute 2000 Ninth Avenue South P.O. Box 55305 Birmingham AL 35255-5305REFERENCES Estrin N.F.1984. The Cosmetic Industry Scientific and Regulatory Foundations. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.Donohue J.1987. Fighting the claims battle. Soap/Cosmetics/Chemical Specialties63(6):10.Carson H.C.1986. Cosmetics of Fragrance Review and Forecast. HAPPI23(12):40-52 102-104.Carson H.C.1984. Cosmetics of Fragrance Review and Forecast. HAPPI21(12):32-40. New Chemicals for Specialties. 1985. Soaps/Cosmetics/Chemical Specialties62(6):96.Lewis H.W.1984. Biotechnology in Japan. NTIS PB85-16946.Lion Corp. assignee. Enzyme-containing bleaching agent compositions. Japanese kokai 60023498. 1985 February 6. 4p. Int. Cl. C11D3/50 Appl. 82/130 553. Taken from: Chem. Abstr. 103:143749g 1985.Teiooku Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. assignee. Bath preparations containing enzymes and inorganic salts. Japanese kokai JP 60098413. 1985 May 20. 3p. Int. Cl. A61K7/50 Appl. 83/197 764. Taken from: Chem Abstr. 103:109779g 1985.Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. assignee. Denture cleansing compositions containing enzymes and oxidizing agents. Japanese kokai JP 60087212. 1985 May 16. 3p. Int. Cl. A61K7/30 Appl. 83/195 091. Taken from: Chem. Abstr. 103: 109789K 1985.Okudu Y. and Matsudee J.1985. Utilization of microbes for cosmetic science. Fragrance J.13(1):30-36 43. Taken from: Chem. Abstr. 103:109748W. International Report. 1985. HAPPI22(3): 29.Anderson J.1985. Biotechnology consumer goods hit the market. New Scientist105(1440):38. Material inhibits aging process in skin cells. 1987. Chemical and Engineering News65(21):5.Allen S.G.1984. CosmeticsChemical technology or biotechnology?International Journal of Cosmetic Science6: 61-69.|ISI| SCC New York Chapter assays cosmetic significance of "cell renewal."1984. Drug and Cosmetics Industry137: 54.Elliott T.J.1984. Cosmetics-Functional and aes

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dETERMINATION OF AQUIFER PARAMETERS BY THE SLOPE-MATCHING METHOd

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GROUNd WATER 1986年第2期24卷 217-223页

作者： SEN, Z Professor of Hydrogeology Faculty of Earth Sciences King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 1744 Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (On leave from the Technical University of Istanbul Turkey.) Zekâi Şen obtained his first M.Sc. degree in 1971 on reinforced concrete design from the Civil Engineering Faculty Technical University of Istanbul Turkey. He obtained another M.Sc. degree in 1972 on Engineering Hydrology from Imperial College of Science and Technology and a Ph.D. degree on Stochastic Hydrology in 1974 from the same College. He worked at the Technical University of Istanbul up to 1981. He is presently on leave to the Hydrogeology Department Faculty of Earth Sciences at the King Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia. Dr. Sen has published numerous scientific papers in journals on various topics such as water resources research stochastic hydrology hydrogeology ground-water modeling mathematical geology fractures in rocks and statistical models in earth sciences. His current research interests are ground-water quality ground-water modeling and risk analysis. geostatistical modeling and flash floods.

A method has been developed by which the slope between any two successive data points on a time-drawdown plot can be used for determining aquifer parameters in nonleaky and leaky aquifers. The method yields values of transmissivity and storage coefficient which are in good agreement with the results of the classically known techniques. The method of slope analysis offers several advantages in its use. These advantages include the following: Changes in values for the aquifer parameters that might occur during a pumping test can be identified. Confidence limits can be calculated for average values of aquifer parameters. The method yields meaningful aquifer parameter estimates even for short duration pumping tests. Subjective interpretation of the data is minimized.

关键词： AQUIFERS

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dETERMINATION OF FIBER PROOF-TEST STRESS FOR UNdERSEA LIGHTGUIdE CABLE

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第4期64卷 971-982页

作者： CHU, TC CHANdAN, HC Authors are employees of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Harish C. Chandan: B. Tech. and M. Tech. (Metallurgical Engineering) in 1969 and 1971 respectively Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India M.S. (Solid State Science) 1974 Syracuse University Ph.D. (Ceramics Science) 1977 Pennsylvania State University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1977—. Tek-Che Chu: B.S. 1964 Cheng Rung University (Taiwan) M.S. 1967 Syracuse University Ph.D. 1971 (Aerospace Engineering) Cornell University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1972—.

A method is developed to determine the fiber strength requirements for the undersea lightguide cable. This method utilizes the theories involved in fiber proof testing, undersea cable dynamics, and nonlinear tensile behavior of cable. The method is illustrated with a sample cable currently being developed for the transatlantic system. This method provides great flexibility in designing undersea lightguide cable. It can be applied to justify a new cable design at an early stage or to select proper fiber proof-test levels for an existing cable under different operating conditions, i.e., deeper ocean, worse sea state, or faster recovery.

关键词： TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES

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SYSTEM-75 - MAINTENANCE ARCHITECTURE

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第1期64卷 229-249页

作者： LU, KS PRICE, Jd SMITH, TL AT&T Information Systems Laboratories an entity of AT&T Information Systems Inc. Kang-sen Lu: B.S. (Physics) 1974 National Tsing-Hua University M.S. (Computer Science) 1976 National Chiao-Tung University Ph.D. (Computer Science) 1981 University of Pennsylvania AT&T Bell Laboratories 1981–1982 AT&T Information Systems Laboratories 1983—. AT&T Consumer Products. John D. Price: B.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1977 Cornell University M.S. (Computer Engineering) 1978 Carnegie-Mellon University Bell Laboratories 1977–1982 AT&T Information Systems Laboratories 1983–1984 AT&T Consumer Products 1984—. Thomas L. Smith: B.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1967 and M.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1969 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bell Laboratories 1969–1982

Reliable service has been a cornerstone of customer premises communications systems for years. System 75 office communications system hardware and software have been designed to continue that high degree of reliability and availability. The hardware has been designed to detect and correct errors as they occur, to minimize the number of components that cause system outage, and to simplify fault isolation to a replaceable component. The software has been designed to recover from intermittent failures and to continue providing service with a minimum of disruption. These features have been implemented in the software as a group of processes running under a real-time operating system, which simplifies building and testing the software and makes it easy to extend its functions.

关键词： dIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

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