A discrete point sampler has been developed that overcomes disadvantages inherent in several current small-volume samplers. It is designed to obtain ground water samples after a well has been purged with a pump. It co...
A discrete point sampler has been developed that overcomes disadvantages inherent in several current small-volume samplers. It is designed to obtain ground water samples after a well has been purged with a pump. It consists of a sample chamber, two ports, and a stopcock for withdrawing sample aliquots. After lowering the sampler into a well, sampling is initiated by pulling on a line that sequentially removes the plugs in the lower and the upper level ports. The sample chamber fills from the bottom port and vents air from the top port. The device is suitable for sampling for volatile organic compounds in ground waters that are not subject to spontaneous bubble degassing. The upper port is sufficiently far above the lower port that none of the water that is sampled is exposed to the vented air. The sample chamber fills in such a way that the water that is taken from the chamber for analysis is not exposed to the headspace in the chamber.
作者:
HOLM, TRGEORGE, GKBARCELONA, MJThomas R. Holm is an associate chemist in the Aquatic Chemistry Section of the Illinois State Water Survey (2204 Griffith Dr.
Champaign IL 61820-7495) a division of the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. His research interests include ground water geochemistry trace-metal speciation and arsenic chemistry. Prior to joining the Water Survey he was a research assistant prof essor at the University of Minnesota (Twin Cities) where he studied the geochemistry of aquifer thermal energy storage. Before that he was a postdoctoral research associate in the Water Chemistry Program of the University of Wisconsin (Madison) where he investigated arsenic speciation and cycling in fresh water sediments. He received his B.S. in chemistry from Portland State University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in environmental engineering science from the California Institute of Technology. Gregory K. George is' an assistant chemist in the Aquatic Chemistry Section of the Illinois State Water Survey (2204 Griffith Dr.
Champaign IL 61820-7495). His research work has focused on evaluation and improvement of analytical methods for naturally occurring aquatic organic matter and on the development and validation of analytical and sampling methods for ground water oxidants. He was previously a research technician with the University of Illinois Institute for Environmental Studies where he determined dissolved 226Ra for a ground water treatment project. He received a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign). Michael J. Barcelona is the head of the Aquatic Chemistry Section of the Illinois State Water Survey (2204 Griffith Dr.
Champaign IL 61820-7495). His research interests include ground water geochemistry contaminant detection monitoring and verification techniques with an emphasis on ground water resource protection and management. He has been involved in various aspects of ground water research and policy matters extensively in the past eight years. He has a B.A. in chemistry from St. Mary's
A model for the diffusion of gases through polymeric tubing was derived which predicts that the amount of gas transferred is proportional to the tubing length and inversely proportional to the pumping rate. The model ...
A model for the diffusion of gases through polymeric tubing was derived which predicts that the amount of gas transferred is proportional to the tubing length and inversely proportional to the pumping rate. The model was experimentally tested and confirmed for oxygen transfer through fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP) tubing using tubing lengths and flow rates typical of ground water sampling. diffusion can introduce measurable concentrations of oxygen into initially anoxic water. diffusive loss of carbon dioxide from water that is oversaturated with respect to atmospheric CO 2 does not measurably affect ph under similar usage conditions.
Naval ships and equipment are designed to survive underwater shock. The underwater shock can result from a nearby explosion of a bomb or missile, or the underwater detonation of a nuclear weapon. The shock wave travel...
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Naval ships and equipment are designed to survive underwater shock. The underwater shock can result from a nearby explosion of a bomb or missile, or the underwater detonation of a nuclear weapon. The shock wave travels through the water and applies an impulsive pressure load to the ship. The ship responds by a sudden acceleration in a direction up and away from the explosion. The motion of the ship is imparted to its weapons and equipment. In the case of Standard missile, impulsive loads are applied to the missiles stowed in the magazines. The evolutionary design of rocket motor chambers and launch shoes for Standard missile for underwater shock is traced from the early Tartar missile to the latest version of Standard missile. As the weight of the missile has increased and the performance requirements have become more demanding, the design of the weapon for underwater shock has become more difficult. The paper explains the design approaches and techniques. Theoretical and experimental methods have been required. Finally, the paper highlights the experiences and problems in conducting underwater shock experiments with production systems in ships at sea.
作者:
dAS, dKMOORE, GRBOYER, CTDr. Debendra K. Das:is assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. A graduate of Sambalpur University
India (BS) 1972 Brown University Rhode Island (MS) 1974 and University of Rhode Island (Ph.D.) 1983 Dr. Das is a registered professional engineer in Rhode Island. He was formerly employed at the Naval Surface Weapons Center Dahlgren Virginia where he performed studies on rocket nozzles and aerodynamic heating for the Navy's missile program. Dr. Glen R. Moore:received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Wichita State University in 1967 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in mechanical engineering from Arizona State University in 1969 and 1971. Since 1971 he has been employed by the Naval Surface Weapons Center
Dahlgren Virginia. He has been extensively involved in the analysis and testing of Navy gun and missile system launch environments and their effects on personnel equipment and ships. Dr. Moore has authored numerous reports and papers on gun blast and rocket motor plume environments. He is currently a member of the JANNAF Exhaust Plume Technology Subcommittee. Dr. Charles T. Boyer:received his B.S.
M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969 1971 and 1984. He served as an intelligence officer and battery commander in the U.S. Army from 1971 until 1973 in Germany. Since 1974 he has worked at the Naval Surface Weapons Center Dahlgren Virginia. He was involved with the analysis and design of gun propelling charge assemblies and with the analysis and measurement of heat transfer from these charge assemblies to the gun bore from 1974 through 1980. Since 1980 he has analyzed and measured the heat transfer from rocket exhaust plumes to ablators used to protect ships and their equipment. He has also analyzed the in-depth heat transfer in these ablators. Currently Dr. Boyer is the project manager for the generic booster/vertical launching system compatibility test program. He has authored numerous reports and p
Heat transfer results are presented here for a rocket nozzle that uses aluminized solid propellant. The Solid Performance Computer program (SPP) was employed to calculate the two-dimensional, two-phase flow properties...
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Heat transfer results are presented here for a rocket nozzle that uses aluminized solid propellant. The Solid Performance Computer program (SPP) was employed to calculate the two-dimensional, two-phase flow properties inside the nozzle. Utilizing the properties of particle phase obtained from this program, calculations were made for the heat flux due to particle impingement. Predictions are also presented for convective and radiative heat transfer along the nozzle surface. A comparison was made to assess the magnitudes of various modes of heat transfer. The methodology and results presented in this paper should provide useful data to designers of new rocket nozzles and should aid studies to improve the design of existing nozzles.
This paper describes the design procedure andengineeringdesign tools used for Navy shipboard exterior RF communication system design. The approach is an iterative process by which candidate RF system designs can be ...
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This paper describes the design procedure andengineeringdesign tools used for Navy shipboard exterior RF communication system design. The approach is an iterative process by which candidate RF system designs can be analyzed to determine their relative desirability. Several computer codes have been developed for designing the exterior RF communication systems for Navy ships. The software design aids consist of two packages, one for antenna modeling (such as the NEC-Method of Moments, NEC-Basic Scattering, and NEC-Reflector antenna codes), and another for communication systems analysis (such as dECAL, PECAL, LINCAL, and COSAM II). These codes have been well documented, validated, and applied successfully to design and integrate a number of shipboard exterior communication and topside antenna systems. However, there exist two shortcomings: (1) lack of a user friendly interface, and (2) lack of the ability to enforce design discipline and completeness. The Naval Ocean System Center recognized these shortcomings and has initiated the development of engineering workstations such as the Interactive Graphic Utility Automated for Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC) Analysis (IGUANA), the Numerical Electromagnetics engineeringdesign System (NEEdS), and the Communication engineeringdesign System (COEdS).
A previous paper described the operation of an immobilized cell multimembrane bioreactor, in which production and recovery were integrated. This paper reports on a new operating procedure for the multimembrane reactor...
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A previous paper described the operation of an immobilized cell multimembrane bioreactor, in which production and recovery were integrated. This paper reports on a new operating procedure for the multimembrane reactor that eliminates diffusion limitations associated with the previously reported operation of the reactor. The new mode of operation increases the reactor productivity by almost an order of magnitude and also eliminates the need for periodical nutrient additions.
作者:
HINCHEE, REREISINGER, HJRobert E. Hinchee
Ph.D. P.E. is manager of Western Regional Engineering Operations for EA Engineering Science and Technology Inc. (41 Lafayette Circle Lafayette CA 94549). He holds a doctorate in civil and environmental engineering from Utah State University is a registered professional engineer and is a master's level certified hazardous materials manager. He is involved in subsurface hydrocarbon behavior research and practical assessment and remediation of contaminated sites. His experience includes investigation and design of remediation at more than 50 subsurface petroleum spill sites. H. James Reisinger II
CHMM is a vice president of EA Engineering Science and Technology Inc. (Hunt Valley/Loveton Center 15 Loveton Circle Sparks MD 21152) and is responsible for all analytical services. He holds a master's degree from Millersville State University and is a master's level certified hazardous materials manager. He has developed sampling and analytical programs and provided analysis of the resulting data for more than 100 contaminated sites. He is currently responsible for a major laboratory that is in the EPA CLP program and certified in eight states.
Hydrocarbon transport in the subsurface environment occurs in several phases, chiefly the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), dissolved and vapor phases. Mechanisms that influence transport include the physicochemical pr...
Hydrocarbon transport in the subsurface environment occurs in several phases, chiefly the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), dissolved and vapor phases. Mechanisms that influence transport include the physicochemical properties of the specific compounds present (density, vapor pressure, viscosity, hydrophobicity) and the physical and chemical properties of the subsurface environment, including geology, aquifer minerology and ground water hydrology. Hydrocarbon liquids are typically complex mixtures composed of numerous compounds, each with its own individual physicochemical and, therefore, transport properties. Examination of chemical data can provide insights into the transport mechanisms operating at a site: Ground water transport results in relative enrichment by more soluble, less hydrophobic hydrocarbon compounds as a function of distance from a spill; vapor phase transport typically results in relative enrichment in more volatile hydrocarbon *** sites at which subsurface fuel spills resulted in ground water contamination will illustrate the use of transport mechanism theory. At Site 1 a subsurface spill resulted in a NAPL plume approximately 150m (500 feet) and a dissolved hydrocarbon plume resulting from ground water transport of dissolved hydrocarbon approximately 350m (1150 feet) hydraulically downgradient of the source. At Site 2 there was a sudden subsurface fuel spill; ground water pumping with hydrocarbon recovery was begun within a week of spillage. Vapor phase transport resulted in contaminated ground water hydraulically upgradient of the source. In addition, there was cross-contamination at Site 2, probably as the result of contaminated water level gauging equipment, but the chemical characteristics of this contamination were sufficiently obvious to permit its identification. An understanding of transport mechanisms is instrumental in contamination assessment source identification, contaminant fate prediction anddesign of an appropriate reme
作者:
Kim, Ki-ChaiTokumaru, ShinobuFaculty of Science and Technology
Keio University Yokohama Japan 223 Shinobu Tokumaru graduated from Keio University
Dept. of Electrical Engineering in 1963 and received Ph.D. from Tohoku University in 1966. Presently he is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at Keio University. He has been working on antennas and electromagnetic scattering. He received an Inada Prize and an Achievement Award. He authored Getting Stronger in Electromagnetic Waves (Kodansha).
This paper considers a small-sized transmission line for energy transmission required for such applications as ICRF heating of nuclear fusion and hyperthermia where waves with coherent polarization are needed. To deve...
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This paper considers a small-sized transmission line for energy transmission required for such applications as ICRF heating of nuclear fusion and hyperthermia where waves with coherent polarization are needed. To develop a transmission line with a small cross section, a waveguide periodically loaded with posts is proposed. Various characteristics are obtained theoretically. In the analysis, the electric fields inside the waveguide are calculated first from the current on the post. Next, the internal impedance seen from the post terminal is obtained. From this impedance and the reactance loaded externally, the determinantal equation for the phase constant is derived. The magnetic field in the waveguide is then computed.
Hemodialysis is a therapeutic procedure for replacing some functions of the natural kidney. As such, it is capable of allowing people with little or no residual kidney function to survive and in some cases to lead pro...
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Hemodialysis is a therapeutic procedure for replacing some functions of the natural kidney. As such, it is capable of allowing people with little or no residual kidney function to survive and in some cases to lead productive lives. There are, unfortunately, a number of side effects associated with this procedure (shock, muscle cramps, fatigue, etc.). In order to minimize these side effects, we have undertaken to model shifts of fluid between the intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces in hemodialysis patients. Fluid shifts are primarily a function of osmolality differences between these fluid spaces. Changes in osmolality are caused mainly by changes in urea and salt concentrations. Least squares analysis of patient data has been used to estimate the appropriate ultrafiltration and urea mass transfer coefficients for each patient. The model has then been used to find a dialysate sodium concentration profile that will minimize fluid shifts into and out of the intracellular fluid space.
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