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EXPERIMENTAL ION-IMPLANTEd BUBBLE MEMORY dEVICE WITH 16-MU-M2 CELL

AT&T BELL LABORATORIES TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1984年第2期63卷 337-355页

作者： NELSON, TJ MUEHLNER, dJ RANA, VVS ROMAN, BJ VELLACOLEIRO, GP AT&T Bell Laboratories. Terence J. Nelson: B.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1961 Iowa State University M.E.E. 1963 New York University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1961–1963 Ph.D. (Physics) 1967 Iowa State University AEC Postdoctoral Fellow 1967–1969 Iowa State University and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Berkeley California AT&T Bell Laboratories 1969—. Dirk J. Muehlner: A.B. (Physics) 1965 University of California at Berkeley Ph.D. (Physics) 1970 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instructor and Assistant Professor (Physics) M.I.T. 1970–1979 AT&T Bell Laboratories 1979—. Virendra V. S. Rana: B. Tech 1967 (Metallurgical Engineering) Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur M.S. 1971 (Materials Science) State University of New York Stony Brook Ph.D. 1977 (Materials Science) University of Southern California Los Angeles Bernard J. Roman: B.S. (Physics) 1962 Carnegie-Mellon University Ph.D. (Physics) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois George P. Vella-Coleiro: B.Sc. (Science) 1961 Royal University of Malta M.A. (Physics) 1963 Ph.D. (Physics) 1967 Oxford University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1967—.

This paper describes a 4-μm-period (16 μm 2 /bit) magnetic bubble device based on ion-implanted propagation patterns. Single-layer LaSmLuBiGa—IG films were implanted with Ne + and He + ions using densified photoresist masking patterns. Coarse (three eighths of a period) minimum features were used in the Permalloy and Al-Cu levels. A 21-Oe overlap bias range was obtained for generation, propagation, transfer, and detection at 55-Oe drive. Generation and detection were demonstrated to have a 39-Oe bias range at 44-Oe drive, and a 39-Oe bias range for minor-loop propagation was obtained at ≥33-Oe drive.

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AN IMPROVEd WORd-dETECTION ALGORITHM FOR TELEphONE-QUALITY SPEECH INCORPORATING BOTH SYNTACTIC ANd SEMANTIC CONSTRAINTS

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AT&T BELL LABORATORIES TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1984年第3期63卷 479-498页

作者： WILPON, JG RABINER, LR MARTIN, T AT&T Bell Laboratories. Lawrence R. Rabiner: S.B. and S.M. 1964 Ph.D. 1967 (Electrical Engineering) The Massachusetts Institute of Technology AT&T Bell Laboratories 1962—. Jay G. Wilpon: B.S. A.B. (cum laude) in Mathematics and Economics respectively 1977 Lafayette College Easton PA M.S. 1982 (Electrical Engineering/Computer Science) Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ AT&T Bell Laboratories 1977—.

Accurate location of the endpoints of spoken words and phrases is important for reliable and robust speech recognition. The endpoint detection problem is fairly straightforward for high-level speech signals in low-level stationary noise environments (e.g., signal-to-noise ratios greater than 30-dB rms). However, this problem becomes considerably more difficult when either the speech signals are too low in level (relative to the background noise), or when the background noise becomes highly nonstationary. Such conditions are often encountered in the switched telephone network when the limitation on using local dialed-up lines is removed. In such cases the background noise is often highly variable in both level and spectral content because of transmission line characteristics, transients and tones from the line and/or from signal generators, etc. Conventional speech endpoint detectors have been shown to perform very poorly (on the order of 50-percent word detection) under these conditions. In this paper we present an improved word-detection algorithm, which can incorporate both vocabulary (syntactic) and task (semantic) information, leading to word-detection accuracies close to 100 percent for isolated digit detection over a wide range of telephone transmission conditions.

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ON THE APPLICATION OF EMBEddEd TRAINING TO CONNECTEd LETTER RECOGNITION FOR dIRECTORY LISTING RETRIEVAL

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AT&T BELL LABORATORIES TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1984年第3期63卷 459-477页

作者： RABINER, LR WILPON, JG TERRACE, SG AT&T Bell Laboratories. Lawrence R. Rabiner: S.B. and S.M. 1964 Ph.D. 1967 (Electrical Engineering) The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bell Laboratories 1962—. Sandra G. Terrace: B.S. (summa cum laude in Mathematics) 1975 Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts. Ms. Terrace works primarily from her home in Chelmsford Massachusetts where she and her husband own and operate a computer software consulting firm. She is a computer software consultant to the Acoustics Research Department of AT&T Bell Laboratories at Murray Hill New Jersey. Jay G. Wilpon: B.S. and A.B. (cum laude) in Mathematics and Economics respectively 1977 Lafayette College Easton Pennsylvania M.S. (Electrical Engineering/Computer Science) 1982 Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken N.J. AT&T Bell Laboratories 1977—.

Automatic speech recognition has advanced to the stage where it is now possible to recognize connected strings of words (e.g., digits, letters, city names, airline terms) from a word reference set of isolated tokens of each of the words in the vocabulary. Recently, an improved training technique called embedded word training was proposed, in which reference word patterns were extracted from within connected word sequences themselves. In this investigation we extend the embedded word training procedure to handle letters of the alphabet for use in a directory listing retrieval task. By performing connected letter recognition of spoken names based on letter classes (rather than specific letters themselves), we show how reliable name recognition results can be achieved using a fairly straightforward system on 200 randomly chosen names (chosen from an 18,210-name directory) spoken at a normal rate by four talkers (three male, one female) in a speaker-trained mode. We have found that an 8-percent improvement in name recognition accuracy is obtained when using embedded letter training patterns over that obtained from isolated letter patterns alone. The overall name recognition accuracy was close to 95 percent.

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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY technology FOR GAS-TURBINE POWEREd FRIGATES, dESTROYERS, ANd CRUISERS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANdT, ER dONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&d efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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AN AdVANCEd METHOdOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM dEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC dAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALdEN, dA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form design System (HFdS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFdS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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CHROMATOGRAphIC GEL MEdIA FOR LARGE-SCALE PROTEIN-PURIFICATION

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BIO-technology 1984年第1期2卷 41-&页

作者： COONEY, JM John M. Cooney Ph.D. was a manager in the Large Scale Chromatography Unit of Pharmacia Fine Chemicals AB Uppsala Sweden. He is a consultant with W.P.C. Associates and will be joining Fermentech Ltd. Storey's Gate Westminster London SW1P 3AY U.K.REFERENCES Sumner J.B.1951. Urcase p. 873-892. In:The Enzymes Part 2. J.B. Sumner and K. Myrb&auml ck (eds.). Academic Press New York.Martin A.J.P. and Synge R.L.M.1945. Analytical chemistry of the proteins p. 1-83. InAdvances in Protein Chemistry Vol. 2. M.L. Anson and J.T. Edsall (eds.). Academic Press New York.Fankuchen I.1945. X-ray diffraction and protein structure p. 387-405. InAdvances in Protein Chemistry Vol. 2. M.L. Anson and J.T. Edsall (eds.). Academic Press New York.Tristram G.R.1949. Amino acid composition of purified proteins p. 83-153. InAdvances in Protein Chemistry Vol. 5. M.L. Anson J.T. Edsall and K. Bailey (eds.). Academic Press New York.|ISI|Sanger F.1952. The arrangement of amino acids in proteins p. 1-67. InAdvances in Protein Chemistry Vol. 7. M.L. Anson K. Bailey and J.T. Edsall (eds.). Academic Press New York.Tristram G.R.1953. The amino acid composition of proteins p. 181-233. InThe Proteins Vol. 1A. H. Neurath and K. Bailey (eds.). Academic Press New York.Low B.W.1953. The structure and configuration of amino acids peptides and proteins p. 235-391. InThe Proteins Vol. 1A. H. Neurath and K. Bailey (eds.). Academic Press New York.Sanger F.1949. Fractionation of oxidized insulin. Biochem. J.44: 126-128.|ISI|ChemPort|Sanger F. and Tuppy H.1951. The amino acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 1. The identification of lower peptides from partial hydrolysates. Biochem. J.49: 463-481.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Sanger F. and Tuppy H.1951. The amino acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 2. The investigation of peptides from enzymic hydrolysates. Biochem. J.49: 481-490.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Sanger F. and Thompson E.O.P.1953. The amino acid sequence in the glycyl chain of

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NOTE ON THE PROPERTIES OF A VECTOR QUANTIZER FOR LPC COEFFICIENTS

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BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1983年第8期62卷 2603-2616页

作者： RABINER, LR SONdHI, MM LEVINSON, SE Bell Laboratories. Lawrence R. Rabiner: S.B. and S. M. 1964 Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) The Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Bell Laboratories 1962—. Man Mohan Sondi: B.Sc. (Physics) Honours degree 1950 Delhi University Delhi India D.I.I.Sc. (Communications Engineering) 1953 Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India M.S. 1955 Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) 1957 University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin Bell Laboratories 1962—. Stephen E. Levinson: B. A. (Engineering Sciences) 1966 Harvard M.S. and Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) University of Rhode Island Kingston 1972 and 1974 respectively General Dynamics 1966-1969 Yale University 1974-1976 Bell Laboratories 1976—.

Vector quantization has been used in coding applications for several years. Recently, quantization of linear predictive coding (LPC) vectors has been used for speech coding and recognition. In these latter applications, the only method that has been used for deriving the vector quantizer code book from a set of training vectors is the one described by Linde, Buzo, and Gray. In this paper, we compare this algorithm to several alternative algorithms and also study the properties of the resulting code books. Our conclusion is that the various algorithms that we tried gave essentially identical code books.

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PARALLEL FAULT SIMULATION USING dISTRIBUTEd-PROCESSING

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BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1983年第10期62卷 3107-3137页

作者： LEVENdEL, YH MENON, PR PATEL, SH Bell Laboratories. Ytzhak H. Levendel: B.S.E.E. 1971 Technion-Israel M.S.C.S. 1974 The Weitzman Institute of Science Ph.D. 1976 University of Southern California Bell Laboratories 1976—. Premachandran R. Menon: B.S. (Electrical Engineering) 1954 Banaras Hindu University Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering) 1962 University of Washington Bell Laboratories 1963—. Suresh H. Patel: B.E. (Electrical) 1975 University of Zambia M.S.E.E. 1976 Illinois Institute of Technology Association of American Railroads 1977-1981 Bell Laboratories 1981—.

This paper presents a method of performing fault simulation of digital logic circuits using a special-purpose computer with distributed processing. The architecture for true value simulation presented in an earlier paper can also be used for parallel fault simulation. The special-purpose computer consists of inexpensive microprocessors interconnected by either a time-shared parallel bus or a cross-point matrix. The cross-point matrix provides higher performance than the time-shared parallel bus. The performance of the proposed simulator is better by over two orders of magnitude than traditional logic fault simulation performed on a general-purpose computer. The power of the simulator is proportional to the number of microprocessors over a certain range.

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ON THE RECOGNITION OF ISOLATEd dIGITS FROM A LARGE TELEphONE CUSTOMER POPULATION

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BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1983年第7期62卷 1977-2000页

作者： WILPON, JG RABINER, LR Bell Laboratories. Jay G. Wilpon: B.S. A.B. (cum laude) in Mathematics and Economics respectively 1977 Lafayette College Easton Pa M.S. (Electrical Engineering/Computer Science) 1982 Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken N.J. Bell Laboratories 1977—. Lawrence R. Rabiner: S.B. and S.M. 1964 Ph.D. 1967 (Electrical Engineering) The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bell Laboratories 1962—.

A field study was initiated to learn about the effects of various telephone transmission and switching conditions on the algorithms currently used in the Bell Laboratories, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC)-based, isolated word recognizer. digit recordings were obtained from customers over a variety of transmission facilities. during a 23-day recording period a total of 11,035 isolated digits were recorded. For each recording, statistics were recorded about the line condition, the background environment, and the customer's ability to speak his/her telephone number as a sequence of isolated digits. Also recorded was information about the ability of the automatic word end-point detector to find each spoken digit and to accurately determine the correct endpoints. The results of several recognition tests are presented—one using a previously defined set of laboratory-created digit reference templates, and several others using new sets of reference templates from a subset of the recorded digits. The performance of the recognizer is poor (average digit accuracy of 77.4 percent) using the laboratory template set, but improves substantially (average digit accuracy of 93.1 percent) for a template set created from the field recordings. The reasons for this improvement in digit recognition accuracy are presented, along with their implications to future work in isolated word recognition.

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PATTERNS OF INVESTMENT IN BIOtechnology

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BIO-technology 1983年第3期1卷 248-250页

作者： MURRAY, JR James R. Murray Ph.D. is president of Policy Research Corporation International Chicago IL.REFERENCES Murray J.R. An Assessment of the Global Potential of Genetic Engineering in the Agribusiness Sector. Policy Research Corp. and The Chicago Group Inc. Chicago IL.Freeman O. and Karen R. 1982. The Farmer and the Money Economy. Woodland Conference Mitchell Prize. Board on Science and Technology for International Development (eds.) 1982. Priorities in Biotechnology Research for International Development: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academy Press Washington DC.

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