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Overcoming the Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier with docetaxel-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Treatment of Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第17期16卷 21722-21735页

作者： Hsu, Tsung-I Chen, Yi-Ping Zhang, Rong-Lin Chen, Zih-An Wu, Cheng-Hsun Chang, Wen-Chang Mou, Chung-Yuan Chan, Hardy Wai-Hong Wu, Si-Han Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Taipei110 Taiwan International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Nano Targeting & Therapy Biopharma Inc. Taipei110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan

While temozolomide (TMZ) has been a cornerstone in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), a significant challenge has been the emergence of resistance to TMZ, which compromises its clinical benefits. Additionally, the nonspecificity of TMZ can lead to detrimental side effects. Although TMZ is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), our research addresses the need for targeted therapy to circumvent resistance mechanisms and reduce off-target effects. This study introduces the use of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with octyl group modifications (C8-MSN) as a nanocarrier system for the delivery of docetaxel (dTX), providing a novel approach for treating TMZ-resistant GBM. Our findings reveal that C8-MSN is biocompatible in vitro, and dTX@C8-MSN shows no hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations, maintaining efficacy against GBM cells. Crucially, in vivo imaging demonstrates preferential accumulation of C8-MSN within the tumor region, suggesting enhanced permeability across the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). When administered to orthotopic glioma mouse models, dTX@C8-MSN notably prolongs survival by over 50%, significantly reduces tumor volume, and decreases side effects compared to free dTX, indicating a targeted and effective approach to treatment. The apoptotic pathways activated by dTX@C8-MSN, evidenced by the increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, point to a potent therapeutic mechanism. Collectively, the results advocate dTX@C8-MSN as a promising candidate for targeted therapy in TMZ-resistant GBM, optimizing drug delivery and bioavailability to overcome current therapeutic limitations. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Tumors

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engineering H2O2 Self-Supplying Platform for Xdynamic Therapies via Ru-Cu Peroxide Nanocarrier: Tumor Microenvironment-Mediated Synergistic Therapy

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第19期16卷 24172-24190页

作者： dirersa, Worku Batu Kan, Tzu-Chun Chang, Jungshan Getachew, Girum Ochirbat, Sonjid Kizhepat, Shamsa Wibrianto, Aswandi Rasal, Akash Chen, Hung-An Ghule, Anil Vithal Chou, Tzung-Han Chang, Jia-Yaw Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei106335 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Green Nanotechnology Laboratory Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur416004 India Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan

Of the most common, hypoxia, overexpressed glutathione (GSH), and insufficient H2O2 concentration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the main barriers to the advancment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated Xdynamic therapies (X = photo, chemodynamic, chemo). Maximizing Fenton catalytic efficiency is crucial in chemodynamic therapy (CdT), yet endogenous H2O2 levels are not sufficient to attain better anticancer efficacy. Specifically, there is a need to amplify Fenton reactivity within tumors, leveraging the unique attributes of the TME. Herein, for the first time, we design RuxCu1-xO2-Ce6/CPT (RCpCCPT) anticancer nanoagent for TME-mediated synergistic therapy based on heterogeneous Ru-Cu peroxide nanodots (RuxCu1-xO2 Nds) and chlorine e6 (Ce6), loaded with ROS-responsive thioketal (TK) linked-camptothecin (CPT). The Ru-Cu peroxide Nds (RCp Nds, x = 0.50) possess the highest oxygen vacancy (OV) density, which grants them the potential to form massive Lewis’s acid sites for peroxide adsorption, while the dispersibility and targetability of the Nds were improved via surface modification using hyaluronic acid (HA). In TME, RCpCCPT degrades, releasing H2O2, Ru2+/3+, and Cu+/2+ ions, which cooperatively facilitate hydroxyl radical (•OH) formation and deactivate antioxidant GSH enzymes through a cocatalytic loop, resulting in excellent tumor therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, when combined with laser treatment, RCpCCPT produces singlet oxygen (1O2) for PdT, which induces cell apoptosis at tumor sites. Following ROS generation, the TK linkage is disrupted, releasing up to 92% of the CPT within 48 h. In vitro investigations showed that laser-treated RCpCCPT caused 81.5% cell death from PdT/CdT and chemotherapy (CT). RCpCCPT in cancer cells produces red-blue emission in images of cells taking them in, which allows for fluorescence image-guided Xdynamic treatment. The overall results show that RCp Nds and RCpCCPT are more biocompatible and have excellent Xdynamic the

关键词： Oxidation

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Robust Audio Watermarking Based on Empirical Mode decomposition and Group differential Relations

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AES: Journal of the Audio engineering Society 2023年第3期71卷 100-117页

作者： Lai, Wen-Hsing Chou, Tsung-Yuan Chou, Meng-Chen Schuller, Björn W. Department of Computer and Communication Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology No. 1 University Rd. Yanchao Dist. Kaohsiung City82445 Taiwan ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany Ph.D. Program in Engineering Science and Technology College of Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Taiwan GLAM – Group on Language Audio & Music Imperial College London United Kingdom

An audio watermarking technique using Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode decomposition and group differential relations of average absolute amplitudes of the last Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) is proposed. By using group differential relations, the relationship with neighboring samples in the last IMF is well preserved, and near-imperceptibility can be achieved. Placing a watermark on low-frequency components, the last IMF, which is perceptually significant, therefore makes the watermark difficult to be removed. The embedding watermark, which is a logo image in our experiment, is processed by Arnold transformation, secret key encryption, and Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem coding to enhance robustness and security. Experimental results of the signal-to-noise ratio fit the recommendations of imperceptibility of the International Federation of the phonographic Industry. The average Objective difference Grade (an objective measure that correlates very well with subjective assessment) and subjective quality assessment were performed to evaluate the imperceptibility. Furthermore, our method accomplishes robustness under 13 different categories of attacks, including noise corruption, amplitude scaling, echo addition, resampling, re-quantization, low-pass filtering, MPEG-1 Audio Layer III compression, digital-to-Analog/Analog-to-digital conversion, cropping, time shift, zero thresholding, jittering, and combined attacks. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intrinsic mode functions

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A Comparative Study of deepLabCut and Other Open-Source Pupillometry data Analysis Algorithms – Which to Choose?

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Machine Graphics and Vision 2024年第2期33卷 77-90页

作者： Badkul, Amitesh Mishra, Sonakshi Kommajosyula, Srinivasa P. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad India Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar Hyderabad India Ph.D. Program in Computer Science The Graduate Center The City University of New York New YorkNY United States

Pupillometry measures pupil size, and several open-source algorithms are available to analyse pupillometry data. However, only a few studies compared these algorithms’ accuracy and computational resources. This study aims to compare the accuracy of computer vision-based algorithms (Swirski, Starburst, PuRe, ElSe, ExCuSe algorithms) and the machine learning algorithm, deepLabCut, to the double-blinded human examiners (gold-standard). Training of deepLabCut with different architectures and a variable number of markers (2-9 markers) was done on an open-source dataset. The duration of training was statistically longer for the ResNet152 model compared to the MobileNet model. The pupil diameters in computer vision-based software such as PuRe, Starburst, and Swirski were statistically different from human measurements. MobileNet 2 and 3 marker models were the closest to the human measurements. In conclusion, this work highlights the efficiency of lower marker models based on MobileNet architecture in deepLabCut, which consumes fewer computational resources and is more accurate. © 2024 Institute of Information technology, Warsaw University of Life sciences - SGGW. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Recommendation of Resource Allocation decision Based on Bipartite Graph Network Structure

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2025年第1期14卷 128-139页

作者： Pei, Wen Pan, Wen-An Huang, Jui-Chan College of Management Chung Hua University Hsinchu30012 Taiwan Ph.D Program of Management Chung Hua University Hsinchu30012 Taiwan Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung807618 Taiwan

In resource allocation decisions in business, fully understanding customers’ needs and preferences helps to maximise benefits. As a result, in the modern business environment, the design of customized recommendation systems has gained a lot of attention. To this end, the study designs a recommendation algorithm for resource allocation decision based on improved two-part graph network structure. In this algorithm, an improved K-means clustering algorithm is introduced to deeply mine potential information. The calculation of similarity between users is also optimised to assist the target user to find the real neighbouring users. The findings demonstrate that, in comparison to the other algorithms, the resource allocation recommendation algorithm based on improved bipartite graph suggested in the study has a greater hit rate. The hit rate of the suggested algorithm can reach 32.5% when the recommendation list length is 10, which is a 21.5% improvement over the collaborative filtering algorithm. The suggested algorithm’s popularity is only 39.1, which is 69.3 less than the collaborative filtering algorithm when the suggestion list length is 10. Furthermore, the suggested algorithm for resource allocation decision-making created by the research has a greater recommendation accuracy, more personalization, and diversity, as seen by the proposed algorithm’s mean Hamming distance of 0.976. Through an improved bipartite graph network, the algorithm can fully analyze the historical preference information of users, effectively capture the complex relationship between users and products, generate personalized recommendation lists, and improve user satisfaction and purchase conversion rates. It provides an effective recommendation role for resource allocation decisions in modern business and helps to create greater economic benefits. © 2025 Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea. All rights reserved.

关键词： Collaborative filtering

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Students Learning Performance and Engagement in a Visual programming Environment

Students Learning Performance and Engagement in a Visual Pro...

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Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2023

作者： Wen, Fu-Hsiang Wu, Tienhua Hsu, Wei-Chih Ph.D. Program in Engineering Science and Technology College of Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Management Air Force Institute of Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Computer and Communication Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031401121

This study employed a quasi-experimental method to explore differences in students’ learning performance and engagement between visual and textual language programming environments. Specifically, this study examined how strongly engagement dimensions affect participants’ learning achievement in a Scratch experimental setting. One hundred and thirty-two undergraduate students participated. The results revealed that participants with Scratch intervention outperformed those with text-based language instructions in terms of performance and behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic engagement. The findings indicated that engagement significantly predicted student academic success in a visual learning environment. This study concluded that visual programming tools such as Scratch help novices engaged and effectively learn core aspects of programming concepts. Additionally, student engagement deepens an understanding of predictions of programmers’ behaviors and achievements and mechanisms behind the effectiveness of visualization intervention. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Students

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Synthesis of Methotrexate-Loaded dumbbell-Shaped Titanium dioxide/Gold Nanorods Coated with Mesoporous Silica and decorated with Upconversion Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared-driven Trimodal Cancer Treatment

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2023年第28期15卷 33335-33347页

作者： dash, Pranjyan Thirumurugan, Senthilkumar Tseng, Ching-Li Lin, Yu-Chien Chen, Sung-Lung dhawan, Udesh Chung, Ren-Jei Taipei10608 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment Division of Biomedical Engineering James Watt School of Engineering Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre University of Glasgow GlasgowG116EW United Kingdom Taipei10608 Taiwan

This study prepared dumbbell-shaped titanium dioxide (TiO2)/gold nanorods (AuNRs) coated with mesoporous silica shells (mS) (AuNRs-TiO2@mS). Methotrexate (MTX) was further loaded into the AuNRs-TiO2@mS, and then upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were decorated to form AuNRs-TiO2@mS-MTX: UCNP nanocomposites. TiO2 is used as an intense photosensitizer (PS) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to photodynamic therapy (PdT). Concurrently, AuNRs exhibited intense photothermal therapy (PTT) effects and photothermal conversion efficiency. In vitro results suggested that these nanocomposites can kill oral cancer cells (HSC-3) without toxicity through irradiation of NIR laser, owing to the synergistic effect. The in vivo studies indicated that these nanocomposites exhibited excellent antitumor effects through synergistic PdT/PTT/chemotherapy under a near-infrared (NIR) 808 nm laser irradiation. Thus, these AuNRs-TiO2@mS: UCNP nanocomposites have great potential to undergo deep tissue penetration with enhanced synergistic effects through NIR-triggered light for cancer treatment. © 2023 American Chemical Society

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Enhanced Financial Performance Classification Using an Improved Id3 Algorithm with decision Coherence

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2024年第21期48卷 27-36页

The evaluation of enterprise financial performance is of great significance to investors, creditors and managers. Through the performance evaluation, we can judge the comprehensive strength of the enterprise and then take corresponding countermeasures. The study mainly quantifies the three financial performance factors of profitability, operating ability and solvency in segments. At the same time, variables are constructed for the statement subjects other than the performance factors. In addition, an iterative binary tree three-generation algorithm model based on decision coordination degree is introduced to classify and measure the financial performance of enterprises. The study used 528 financial statements from a manufacturing industry and employed a mean imputation strategy and Z-score standardization method for preprocessing. Ultimately, 19 variables were selected for financial performance evaluation. Using the model's construction time, classification accuracy, and area under the curve as evaluation indicators, verify the performance advantages of the proposed model in financial performance evaluation. The results show that when the sample size is 300, the construction time of the improved model is only 120ms, and out of 50 financial statements, only 7 financial statements with "poor" profitability are misclassified as "excellent". The average classification accuracy of the improved model is 87.57% and the average area under the curve is 0.8369. In the solvency test, the average classification accuracy of the improved model in the solvency indicator is 84.21%. In the test of operating capacity indicators, the mean value of classification accuracy of the improved model proposed by the Institute in operating capacity indicators is as high as 85.16%. The results show that the classification model proposed by the Institute has the least construction time and the highest classification accuracy. It provides reliable technical support for the rational allocation of

关键词： Profitability

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Necessity of Self-explainability in AI: Insights from the Existing Social Projects

Necessity of Self-explainability in AI: Insights from the Ex...

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International Conference on Next Generation Systems and Networks, BITS EEE CON 2022

作者： Jadhav, Mayur K. Laddha, Shilpa S. Kabra, Sanchit M. Ph.D. Student Department of Computer Science Engineering Government College of Engineering Maharashtra Chh. Sambhajinagar India Head of Department Information Technology Government College of Engineering Maharashtra Chh. Sambhajinagar India Computer Science Engineering BITs Pilani India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819904822

Self-explanatory artificial intelligence has lately gained prominence as researchers and practitioners strive to make their methodologies more understandable. It is not contentious to assert that researching how individuals explain to one another may be a useful beginning point for explanation in artificial intelligence, given that the majority of this research has focused on publicly explaining decisions or actions to a human observer. However, it is reasonable to say that the vast bulk of self-explanatory artificial intelligence research is based solely on the researchers’ subjective opinions of what constitutes a "good" explanation. Extensive and essential study in science and technology has been conducted on the definition, creation, selection, assessment, and presentation of explanations by humans. This study contends that people use certain cognitive biases and social expectations in the explanation process. This paper covers relevant studies from several fields and makes the case that self-explainable artificial intelligence should expand on some current research. It highlights several key results and explores how they may be combined with research on self-explainable artificial intelligence. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Explainability Explanation Interpretability Self-éxplainable AI Transparency

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decoding Efficiency in Construction: A Behavioral dEA Approach to BRICS Economies

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 113165-113177页

作者： Yih-Tzoo Chen Thi-Hien dao Nhat-Luong Nhieu Department of Construction Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Engineering Science and Technology College of Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan

Amidst the rapidly evolving global economic landscape, the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have emerged as pivotal players, particularly in the construction sector, which serves as a cornerstone for their continued growth and development. This sector’s performance not only reflects the economic health of these nations but also their capacity for sustainable urban and infrastructural expansion. This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluative analysis of the construction industry’s efficiency across the BRICS nations using the Bounded Rationality data Envelopment Analysis (BR-dEA) model, incorporating principles from Prospect Theory. Moreover, this study also investigates the relationship between behavioral economics and operational efficiency within this sector. According to well-known prospect theory, the psychological behavioral coefficients applied in the model include the loss aversion, the gain preference, the gain curvature, and the loss curvature coefficients. Key performance indicators for the model were meticulously chosen, normalized, and derived from reputable global and national databases. The findings revealed that efficiency scores generally increased with higher gain preference coefficients across different loss aversion settings, indicating that valuing gains more positively is associated with greater efficiency. Variations were observed among the BRICS countries, suggesting that efficiency is influenced by country-specific behavioral factors. This study contributes to the literature by integrating behavioral economics into efficiency analysis and offers practical insights for policymakers and industry leaders within the BRICS nations. Limitations are acknowledged, primarily relating to data availability and the inherent complexities of behavioral modeling, which provide avenues for future research to expand upon these initial findings.

关键词： Economics Construction industry Economic indicators Industries Sustainable development decision making Socioeconomics

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